Abstract: An approximate theory is presented that describes the propagation of the ice–water front that develops in droplets of water that are deposited on a planar surface at a temperature below the melting point of ice. This theory is compared with experimental observation of the time evolution of this front. These experiments were performed by freezing water droplets directly on a block of dry ice, and to examine the effects of the thermal conductivity of a substrate during the freezing process. Such droplets were also deposited on a glass plate and on a copper plate placed on dry ice. The temperature at the base of these droplets, and the dependence of the freezing time on their size were also obtained experimentally, and compared with our analytic theory. These experiment can be readily performed by physics undergraduate students, and reveal that the usual assumption of constant temperature at the base of the droplets cannot be implemented in practice.

Abstract: The use of solid carbon dioxide (dry ice) as a cryogen is widespread in the food industry to produce high quality wines, rich in color and perfumes. The direct addition of carbon dioxide to olives in the solid state before milling represents a fundamental step which characterizes this innovative extraction system. At room temperature conditions solid carbon dioxide evolves directly into the air phase (sublimation), and the direct contact between the cryogen and the olives induces a partial solidification of the cellular water inside the fruits. Since the volume occupied by water in the solid state is higher than that in the liquid state, the ice crystals formed are incompatible with the cellular structure and induce the collapse of the cells, besides promoting the diffusion of the cellular substances in the extracted oil, which is thus enriched with cellular metabolites characterized by a high nutraceutical value. Furthermore, a layer of CO 2 remains over the olive paste to preserve it from oxidative degradation. The addition of solid carbon dioxide to processed olives induced a statistically significant increase in oil yield and promoted the accumulation of tocopherols in the lipid phase, whereas a not significant increase in the phenolic fraction of the oil occurred.

Abstract: Carbon dioxide (CO2) snow cleaning is a straightforward surface cleaning process in which a stream of small dry ice particles strike and clean a surface via physical and solvent interactions. These interactions have been shown to remove particles of all sizes, from visible to nanometer scale, and also to remove organic residues as well as reagent grade solvent stains. The combined ability of particle removal on such a wide range and also organic removal makes the CO2 snow-cleaning unique in its potential. Furthermore, CO2 snow-cleaning systems satisfy the ever-increasing stringent industrial, research, and environmental demands. Carbon dioxide cleaning is fast, gentle, and environmentally safe. Snow formation and the cleaning mechanism are discussed along with equipment options. Many applications are discussed along with comparisons to other cleaning methods. Data is presented that shows CO2 snow cleaning can remove particles as small as 3 nanometers.

Abstract: An apparatus for extracting organic compounds from plant materials using subcritical or supercritical carbon dioxide is described. The apparatus has a sealable pressure chamber into which carbon dioxide dry ice and the plant materials are inserted, the pressure chamber, once sealed, self-pressurizing as the container and contents are warmed to a chosen temperature, converting the solid CO 2 to liquid, or to a super-critical fluid as the temperature and pressure are raised above the Critical Point. The chamber can be rotated when subcritical CO 2 liquid is employed to improve mixing between the liquid and the plant material. After a suitable extraction time, the carbon dioxide solvent containing the extracted material is directed into a separator such that the carbon dioxide and extracted material can be effectively separated, thereby avoiding significant quantities of viscous and waxy extracted materials remaining in the chamber and valves after the carbon dioxide solvent is warmed and allowed to exit the chamber.

Abstract: Objective This study aimed to test the effects on sperm viability of transporting cryopreserved semen samples on dry ice. Methods Twenty normozoospermic semen samples were cryopreserved and divided into five groups. The samples in Group 1 were immersed in liquid nitrogen throughout the experiment in cryogenic storage tanks; the cryopreserved straws in Group 2 were placed in a Styrofoam box containing dry ice and kept under these conditions for 48 hours; the samples in Group 3 were kept for 48 hours on dry ice under the same conditions as the Group 2 samples, and were then moved to a storage tank filled with liquid nitrogen; Group 4 samples were also kept for 48 hours in dry ice storage, and the Styrofoam box containing the samples was shipped by plane to assess the effects of shipping; the samples in Group 5 were shipped together with the Group 4 samples and were placed in a storage tank with liquid nitrogen after spending 48 hours stored on dry ice. After thawing, sperm parameters were analyzed for viability, vitality, and motility; spermatozoa were also tested for mitochondrial activity. Results Significant decreases in motility recovery rates (P=0.01) and vitality (P=0.001) were observed in all groups when compared to the control group. Mitochondrial activity was significantly decreased only in Group 5 (P=0.04), as evidenced by greater numbers of sperm cells not stained by reagent 3,3'-diaminobenzidine. Conclusions Transportation did not affect the quality of cryopreserved semen samples, but dry ice as a means to preserve the samples during transportation had detrimental effects upon the sperm parameters assessed in this study.

Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a novel cooling method and a novel cooling apparatus for cooling a processing part at the time of processing a workpiece, more particularly, a novel cooling method and a novel cooling apparatus capable of suppressing a working heat (or a primary processing heat) resulting from a friction between the workpiece and a working tool or working heat (a primary generated heat) due to the concentration of the energy of a laser beam or the like and a reaction heat (a secondary generated heat) due to the oxidation combustion reaction of a workpiece, a working tool or cutting chips, simultaneously.SOLUTION: A dry ice powder injection type cooling method suppresses a primary generation heat and a secondary generation heat simultaneously by using dry ice powder for cooling a processing part M1 at the time of processing a processed part.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Abstract: The invention relates to the technical field of rubber, and provides an antiskid rubber composition for an ice surface and a production method thereof Rubber shoe soles produced by virtue of the antiskid rubber composition for the ice surface have a good antiskid effect on a pavement interface of a snowfield, a frost ice surface, a dry ice surface and a wet ice surface, can still maintain relatively good mechanical performance in an environment of -40 DEG C, and have good market prospect and high practicability; the production method is simple and easy to operate and suitable for mass production and application The antiskid rubber composition for the ice surface is prepared from the following raw materials: neoprene, solution polymerized styrene-butadiene rubber, carboxylation nitrile rubber, white carbon black, waste rubber powder, an anti-aging agent, polyethylene glycol, a silane coupling agent, polyethylene wax, zinc oxide, sulfur and a vulcanization accelerant

Abstract: The invention relates to a dry ice cleaning machine. The dry ice cleaning machine comprises a spray gun, a dry ice supply assembly, an air power source assembly and a power supply assembly. The spray gun is connected with the dry ice supply assembly and an air power source through a t-branch pipe. The t-branch pipe comprises a first port, a second port and a third port. The spray gun is connected with the first port through a connecting branch pipe. The dry ice supply assembly comprises a hopper, a dry ice crusher and a dry ice particle conveying pipe. The dry ice crusher is connected with a discharging port of the hopper and the dry ice particle conveying pipe. The dry ice particle conveying pipe is connected with the second port. The air power source comprises an air filter, a multi-level wind power adjusting draught fan, an air inlet header pipe and an air inlet pipe. The multi-level wind power adjusting draught fan is connected with the third port through the air inlet pipe. The dry ice cleaning machine has the beneficial effects that the structural size is relatively reduced, operation is convenient, the application range is wide, and design is reasonable; and the dry ice crushing effect is good, energy saving and environment friendliness are achieved, the automation degree is high, and the labor intensity of operators can be effectively lowered.

Abstract: The invention discloses a deburring and cleaning device which comprises a dry ice supply device (2) and a dry ice deburring device (1). The dry ice deburring device (1) comprises a rack (1-1), product transfer jigs (1-2) arranged on the rack (1-1), and a dry ice spray gun (1-3) arranged above the product transfer jigs (1-2). The dry ice spray gun (1-3) is fixed to a mechanical arm (1-4) capable of moving in the X-axis, Y-axis and Z-axis directions, the dry ice spray gun (1-3) is connected to the dry ice supply device (2), and the dry ice supply device (2), the product transfer jigs (1-2) and the mechanical arm (1-4) are electrically connected with a PLC control device (3). The deburring and cleaning device is used for deburring and cleaning polishing of injection parts, and is high in cleaning efficiency, safe and environmentally friendly.

Abstract: The invention discloses a granular dry ice repressing forming method. The granular dry ice repressing forming method comprises the following steps in sequence: step (A): granular dry ice is produced; and the specification of a single granule of dry ice is 1-6 mm in diameter; step (B): the granular dry ice is discharged into a mold; step (C): a pressing plate is pressed into the mold to compact the dry ice in the mold to achieve a target size; step (D): the pressing plate is removedfrom the mold; and step (E): the compactly molded dry ice block is moved out of the mold, and is discharged out of equipment. The invention aims to provide the granular dry ice repressing forming method for increasing the density of dry ice blocks with the same target size to achieve the purpose of prolonging the use duration time of a single dry ice block.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a cleaning apparatus for an insulator or a T-bar using dry ice and, more specifically, to a cleaning apparatus for an insulator or a T-bar using dry ice, without requiring a user to additionally eliminate moisture after a cleaning process by using dry ice to clean the insulator which should not contain moisture. In addition, the cleaning apparatus is configured to effectively clean an intervened portion in a suspension insulator. The cleaning apparatus comprises: a washing unit; and a moving unit.

Abstract: Martian gullies have been seen as evidence for past surface water runoff. However, numerical modelling now suggests that accumulation and sublimation of carbon dioxide ice, rather than overland flow of liquid water, may be driving modern gully formation.

Abstract: The invention discloses a fire extinguishing agent with a liquid storage state. The fire extinguishing agent is prepared from the following components according to the volume ratio: 2 to 10 parts of a liquid fire extinguishing agent, 50 to 85 parts of liquid heptafluoropropane and 15 to 45 parts of dry ice. The fire extinguishing agent disclosed by the invention integrates the physical and chemical fire extinguishing advantages of the above 2 fire extinguishing agents and has physical and chemical fire extinguishing principles; meanwhile, due to the characteristic of carbon dioxide, the fire extinguishing agent is stored under high pressure, so that the property of the carbon dioxide is changed, and the dry ice can be formed; the density of the dry ice is close to that of liquid, and the viscosity is close to that of gas; the mixed fire extinguishing agent is extremely high in physical and chemical fire extinguishing property; meanwhile, the dry ice is high in physical cooling property, and can prevent secondary after-combustion caused by temperature rise. The liquid fire extinguishing agent can be changed according to the type of fire, and can extinguish various types of fire.

Abstract: The utility model discloses a dry ice cleaning machine integrates, including the support body, air generation system, the cold of installing respectively on the support body are done the machine, are scraped ice system and control system to and connect cold dry machine simultaneously and scrape the spray gun subassembly of ice system, the machine of doing that cools is calmed the anger to the cold dry height of freezing, the dry formation of compressed air, scraping the ice system and scraping into the dry ice powder with dry ice piece or dry ice granule, dry ice powder and cold dry height rinse the thing washing through the blowout of spray gun subassembly to the quilt after calming the anger and converging through the pipeline. The utility model discloses small, the quality is light, with low costs, convenient operation.

Abstract: The invention discloses a mixed fire-extinguishing agent. The mixed fire-extinguishing agent comprises, in volume ratio, 2-10 parts of superfine dry powder or D-class dry powder fire-extinguishing agent, 50-85 parts of liquid-state heptafluoropropane and 15-45 parts of dry ice. According to the fire-extinguishing agent disclosed by the invention, physical and chemical fire-extinguishing advantages of more than two fire-extinguishing agents are integrated, consideration is given to both physical and chemical fire-extinguishing principles, meanwhile, the fire-extinguishing agent is stored at a high pressure during storage by virtue of the characteristics of carbon dioxide, the properties of carbon dioxide are changed to form dry ice, the density of the dry ice is approximate to that of a liquid, and the viscosity of the dry ice is approximate to that of a gas; and the mixed fire-extinguishing agent has great physical and chemical fire-extinguishing capacity. Meanwhile, a secondary re-combustion phenomenon due to temperature rising can be prevented due to the great physical cooling capacity of the dry ice. The superfine dry powder fire-extinguishing agent is changed according to types of fire and capable of extinguishing many types of fire.

Abstract: The utility model relates to a dry ice cleaning system, its characterized in that: it connects the motor to set up dry ice feed inlet opposite side in the upper end of dry ice grinder, the thin granule pipeline of lower extreme connection type dry ice of dry ice grinder, the pot head is in air pipe under the thin granule pipeline's of dry ice the L type, the air pipe air intake passes through the hose and links to each other with the air -blower, blending machine is connected together to air pipe's right -hand member and the right -hand member that embolias the thin granule pipeline of dry ice in it, blending machine's exit linkage air pipe air outlet, the air pipe air outlet passes through the delivery main and connects the transport branch pipe, be provided with branch road valve and dry ice cleaning gun on carrying the branch pipe. The utility model provides a printing back printing ink drive that the degree of difficulty is big, the technical problem of inefficiency, the wide application is in the machinery printing ink clear operation of printing house. At in -service use in -process safe and reliable, cleaning equipment can take at any time, very big improvement plant operation efficiency, be favorable to improving production efficiency and alleviate workman's work burden.

Abstract: The invention discloses application of dry ice in a white carbon black formula rubber mixing technology; the dry ice is added into a high temperature region in a white carbon black formula rubber mixing process. The application of the dry ice in the white carbon black formula rubber mixing technology has the beneficial effects that by means of adding the dry ice into the high temperature reaction region of a white carbon black formula rubber material, the temperature rising rate in a mixing chamber can be effectively controlled, the time of a high-temperature reaction is prolonged, white carbon black and a silane coupling agent are enabled to be subjected to a full silane coupling reaction, and a good reinforcement effect for the white carbon black is further achieved; furthermore, the dry ice is sublimated into carbon dioxide gas, and the carbon dioxide gas is an important component of the air, so that the dry ice has no pollution to the rubber material and the environment; the rubber material is subjected to a strong shear extrusion action in an internal mixing chamber, so that the carbon dioxide gas does not remain in the rubber material.

Abstract: A piston used in a dry ice manufacturing apparatus according to the present invention is connected to a cylinder, and forms a concave or convex center part of a compressed surface compressing dry ice snow, and thus improves hardness of the formed dry ice so that the piston can manufacture the dry ice complying with the intend of a manufacturer. Also, the piston can provide the dry ice having marketability desired by a consumer. Thus, the customer can have confidence in a device or product.

Abstract: A storage container in a current temperature is cooled to a target temperature in two phases comprising a first phase of convective heat transfer from the storage container to dry ice, and a second phase of flowing sublimed dry ice to the storage container. Deviation of the current temperature from the target temperature is measured. The first phase is applied, when the deviation of the current temperature inside the storage container is higher than a threshold value for the deviation. The second phase is applied, when the deviation of current temperature inside the storage container is less than a threshold value.

Abstract: The invention provides a rotary kiln device and method for indirectly producing lime and recycling carbon dioxide The rotary kiln device and method are used for combusting limestone with the small granularity of 20 mm-40 mm produced in a mine through fuel in an inner barrel combustion chamber in a rotary kiln, heat is radiated and transmitted to the limestone in the rotary kiln for indirect calcination, and the combustion chamber and a calcination chamber are completely isolated The calcined limestone is decomposed into calcium oxide and carbon dioxide gas, calcium oxide is cooled and then discharged through an ash discharge device and enters an ash bin, carbon dioxide is used for preheating the limestone through a preheater, collected through a gas collecting tube and then subjected to dust removal, drying, pressurizing, treatment of a liquefying device and treatment of a dry ice device, and then dry ice is produced; after gas or pulverized coal is combusted in the combustion chamber, generated waste gas is used for preheating the limestone through the preheater, purified and then subjected to waste heat recovery; a cooler cools waste heat generated by calcium oxide, and the waste heat serves as secondary combustion-supporting air High-quality and few-impurity active lime can be produced, resources are saved, and carbon emissions and the greenhouse effect can be reduced

Abstract: Recent data on near-surface water availability at Mars, along with ongoing research on the low-temperature and in situ behavior of fresh water and sea ices, has been employed to identify feasible engineering approaches for capturing water as a Mars ISRU feedstock. Acknowledging the need to minimize biological contamination, we have proposed extracting water from Mars regolith fines as a very conservative feedstock harvesting approach that is relatively insensitive to fixed base site selection. Relatively pure water ice can be found in the polar regions of Mars, and data from the Phoenix lander site suggest that veins of pure water ice or brine ice may be accessible near the surface at other locations, permitting drilling or sawing chunks of those feedstock ice materials, and the hardware systems to extract those materials have been defined for other applications. Mars permafrost feedstock was the focus of this investigation because it appears to be the least understood, and could be present near the surface at desirable mid-latitude landing sites. JSC Mars-1A, Mars regolith simulant has been employed as a surrogate solid matrix in order to anticipate the flexural strength and modulus of elasticity of Martian permafrost for consideration as a potential ISRU feedstock. Test specimens were produced containing distilled water ice mass fractions ranging from 15 to 35 %. Testing showed that water mass fractions less than 20 % lacked sufficient cohesion, when frozen, to produce a rigid sample, whereas water concentrations greater than 35 % produced non-homogeneous water pockets or puddles. Sample preparation was based on ASTM testing procedures, and an effort was made to avoid uncontrolled water contamination and to minimize adsorbed gases on the simulant particles, prior to adding distilled water. After the regolith simulant was combined with the desired mass of distilled water, and mixed to assure homogeneity, 43 rectangular bar-shaped, three-point bend test samples 25.4 mm wide by 12.7 mm thick by 101.6 mm long (1 x 0.5 x 4 inches) were produced. The test articles, created in individual molds were frozen above slabs of dry ice, inside a freezer, attempting to approximate rapid permafrost formation in a carbon dioxide-rich atmosphere at Mars-like temperatures. Triplicate sample sets were produced containing distilled water mass fractions of 20, 25, 30 and 35 percent, to permit testing to failure at test temperatures of 133 K, 210 K, and 253 K. An additional test specimen set, consisting of 35% water and 2 % sodium chloride salt, by mass, was prepared in a cursory attempt to investigate the possible influence of frozen brine systems on the mechanical behavior of Martian permafrost. Our experiments indicate that the bending strength of Martian permafrost will be less than 10 MPa, and it should be possible to harvest liter-size permafrost feedstock blocks by sawing 10 cm-deep grooves into exposed permafrost, then breaking off and recovering the resulting material.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for storing carbon dioxide in deep sea.The method includes the steps of firstly, collecting carbon dioxide, conducting pressurizing and cooling through a dry ice making machine to make dry ice to be stored in a storage tank; secondly, conveying dry ice to a deep sea area suitable for storage through land transportation and sea transportation modes; thirdly, melting dry ice into liquid carbon dioxide through a high-pressure pump, and conveying liquid carbon dioxide to a seabed 600-10000 m deep through a conveying pipe; fourthly, keeping 5-20 %(wt) of the storage amount of liquid carbon dioxide in a sea transportation ship after conveying carbon dioxide to deep sea.By means of the storage energy and phase-change release energy of carbon dioxide, by driving carbon dioxide collecting, compressing, conveying and injecting equipment, carbon dioxide is gathered, dry ice is prepared and then conveyed and injected to the seabed, green energy is sufficiently used, energy storage and utilization are effective, the cost of the carbon dioxide storage process is reduced, and the atmosphere pollution and greenhouse effect can be easily reduced.

Abstract: The utility model discloses a chemical production multitube spray cooling machine, including cooling tank, air conditioning conveyer pipe, cooling tube, dry ice room, force pump, air -blower and jet head, the inside cooling tube that is equipped with of cooling tank, the cooling tube sets up the crooked pipeline into the U -shaped, arrange a plurality of fin on the cooling tube outer wall, the feed liquor pipe is connected through first switching -over valve to cooling tube one end, the other end passes through second switching -over valve and connects the liquid outlet, even there is the force pump between air conditioning conveyer pipe and the dry ice room, even there is the switch between force pump and the dry ice room, a plurality of jet head has been set up on the inner wall of cooling tank, on jet head one end was connected to the branch pipe of air conditioning conveyer pipe, the other end inserted in the cooling tank, be equipped with a plurality of venthole on the outer wall of cooling tank, the left lower extreme of combination box is provided with the air -blower, the upper right side of combination box is provided with the gas vent, the utility model discloses can obtain adequate?cooling with chemical industry solution flow through the crooked cooling pipe of a plurality of U -shapeds, assurance chemical industry solution.

Abstract: The utility model discloses a burring belt cleaning device, including dry ice feeding device (2) and dry ice flash removed device (1), dry ice flash removed device (1) is in including frame (1 -1), setting product in the frame (1 -1) moves and carries tool (1 -2) and set up the product moves the dry ice spray gun (1 -3) that carries tool (1 -2) top, dry ice spray gun (1 -3) is fixed on the manipulator (1 -4) that can follow the removal of XYZ axle direction, the dry ice spray gun (1 -3) be connected to dry ice feeding device (2), dry ice feeding device (2), product move a year tool (1 -2), manipulator (1 -4) and are connected with PLC controlling means (3) electricity respectively. The utility model provides a burring belt cleaning device for the injection molding removes deckle edge and rinses the polishing, and the cleaning efficiency is high, and safety ring protects in addition.

Abstract: The invention discloses a fire extinguishing agent being stored in the status of a mixed liquid. The fire extinguishing agent is composed of, by volume, 2-10 parts of gaseous inert gas or gaseous nitrogen, 50-85 parts of liquid heptafluoropropane and 15-45 parts of dry ice. The fire extinguishing agent has both physical and chemical fire extinguishing advantages of the two fire extinguishing agents and considers both the physical and chemical fire extinguishing principles. Meanwhile, according to the characters of the CO2, the fire extinguishing agent is stored under a high pressure only when being stored, wherein the CO2 is subjected to phase change into the dry ice, the density being approximate to liquid and the viscosity being approximate to gas. The mixed fire extinguishing agent has strong physical and chemical fire extinguishing performances. Meanwhile, the dry ice has strong physical temperature decreasing capability, a problem of secondary reburning due to increased temperature can be solved. The inert gas, as an assistant gas, is not changed in storage status when the pressure is changed at the temperature in nature. A problem of ice blockage due to the CO2 during an ejection process is prevented.

Abstract: The invention relates to a combined cooling heating and power circulatory system with carbon dioxide as a carrier. The system comprises a dry ice library, a dry ice machine, a conveying pipe gallery, a branch pipe gallery, a carbon dioxide low-temperature user, a waste heat absorber and a heat energy utilization user. The conveying pipe gallery is provided with a cold carbon dioxide header pipe, a hot carbon dioxide header pipe, an upper conveying belt and a lower conveying belt, wherein the hot carbon dioxide header pipe and the cold carbon dioxide header pipe are located on the lower portion of the lower conveying belt. The branch pipe gallery is provided with an upper conveying belt and a lower conveying belt. The dry ice library is connected to the cold carbon dioxide header pipe through a pipeline, the cold carbon dioxide header pipe is connected to the carbon dioxide low-temperature user through an outlet pipe, and an outlet of the waste heat absorber is connected to the hot carbon dioxide header pipe. The hot carbon dioxide header pipe is connected with the heat energy utilization user, and an outlet of the heat energy utilization user is connected to the dry ice library through the dry ice machine. According to the high and low temperature performance of carbon dioxide, carbon dioxide resources are effectively utilized, greenhouse gas emission is reduced, waste is turned into wealth, atmospheric environment protection is facilitated, and the life quality of people and socialization level are improved.

Abstract: The utility model relates to an automatic dry ice cleaning system who adds dry ice, its characterized in that: it connects the motor to set up dry ice feed inlet opposite side in the upper end of dry ice grinder, the thin granule pipeline of lower extreme connection type dry ice of dry ice grinder, the pot head is in air pipe under the thin granule pipeline's of dry ice the L type, the air pipe air intake passes through the hose and links to each other with the air -blower, blending machine is connected together to air pipe's right -hand member and the right -hand member that embolias the thin granule pipeline of dry ice in it, blending machine's exit linkage air pipe air outlet, the air pipe air outlet passes through the delivery main and connects the transport branch pipe, be provided with branch road valve and dry ice cleaning gun on carrying the branch pipe. The utility model provides a printing back printing ink drive that the degree of difficulty is big, the technical problem of inefficiency, the wide application is in the machinery printing ink clear operation of printing house. At in -service use in -process safe and reliable, cleaning equipment can take at any time, very big improvement plant operation efficiency, be favorable to improving production efficiency and alleviate workman's work burden.