Background Meta-analysis is useful for combining the results of different studies statistically to confirm genuine associations in genetics. Based on earlier reports, we aimed to investigate the association between type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) genetic variants identified in a previous meta-analysis in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in an Indian woman. Material and methods In this study, 137 pregnant women with GDM and 150 pregnant women were selected on the basis of their serum glucose levels. The six single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of different genes studied had known involvement in pancreatic β-cell function, particular pathways linked to T2DM, and other biological functions. Genomic DNA was isolated from the 287 women for polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism analyses. Results The rs7903146, rs13266634, rs2283228, rs5210 and rs179881 SNPs were found to be positively associated with GDM when calculated for genotype and allele frequencies (p  Conclusion The SNPs studied in this GDM had the same role as those identified in a previous T2DM meta-analysis, and showed positive association in the Indian women. Meta-analyses should be implemented to assess the IGF2 gene in GDM subjects.

Genetic confirmation of T2DM meta-analysis variants studied in gestational diabetes mellitus in an Indian population

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) poses a severe threat to global public health. Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the most common complications of diabetes and the leading cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Approximately 30–40% of DM patients in the world progress to ESRD, which emphasizes the effect of genetic factors on DN. Family clustering also supports the important role of hereditary factors in DN and ESRD. Therefore, a large number of genetic studies have been carried out to identify susceptibility genes in different diabetic cohorts. Extensive susceptibility genes of DN and ESRD have not been identified until recently. Summary and Key Messages: Some of these associated genes function as pivotal regulators in the pathogenesis of DN, such as those related to glycometabolism and lipid metabolism. However, the functions of most of these genes remain unclear. In this article, we review several susceptibility genes according to their genetic functions to make it easier to determine their exact effect on DN and to provide a better understanding of the advancements from genetic studies. However, several challenges associated with investigating the genetic factors of DN still exist. For instance, it is difficult to determine whether these variants affect the expression of the protein they encode or other cytokines. More efforts should be made to determine how these genes influence the progression of DN. In addition, many results could not be replicated among races, suggesting that the association between genetic polymorphisms and DN is race-specific. Therefore, large, well-designed studies involving more relevant variables and ethnic groups and more relevant functional studies are urgently needed. These studies may be beneficial and retard the progression of DN by early intervention, especially for patients who carry certain risk alleles or genotypes.

/pdf/the-susceptibility-genes-in-diabetic-nephropathy-5fxh4aixyh.pdf

The Susceptibility Genes in Diabetic Nephropathy

OBJECTIVE: Although the angiotensinogen ( AGT) gene T174M polymorphism has been implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy (DN), study results have been inconsistent. The present meta-analysis was conducted to determine the correlation of AGT T174M polymorphism with DN. METHODS: We retrospectively extracted relevant studies from Embase as well as PubMed databases. Additionally, a fixed- or random-effects model was employed for calculation of pooled odds ratio (OR) along with 95% confidence interval (CI). RESULTS: In total, we identified six studies (1179 cases and 927 controls) regarding the AGT gene T174M polymorphism. The pooled ORs for the association between the AGT T174M polymorphism and DN risk were not statistically significant under all genetic models (M vs T: OR = 1.22, 95% CI = 0.84-1.75; MM vs TT: OR = 1.94, 95% CI = 0.93-4.04; MT vs TT: OR = 1.11, 95% CI = 0.76-1.63; the dominant model: OR =1.19, 95% CI = 0.80-1.77; the recessive model: OR = 1.94, 95% CI = 0.93-4.03). Subgroup analyses based on the type of race showed the M allele of the AGT T174M polymorphism increased DN risk in Asians, but not in Caucasians. CONCLUSIONS: Our study indicated that the T174M polymorphism in the AGT gene was associated with DN in Asians.

https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/1470320318823927

Association between angiotensinogen T174M polymorphism and the risk of diabetic nephropathy: A meta-analysis.

Background The exact relationship between the different TCF7L2 gene polymorphisms and the development of diabetic nephropathy (DN) remains unclear. Objective To investigate the association of TCF7L2 rs12255372 (G/T) gene polymorphism and diabetic nephropathy (DN) in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Methods 100 patients with T2D (50 patients without DN and 50 patients with DN) and 50 age and sex-matched healthy controls (HC) were enrolled in the study. Genotyping for the rs12255372 (G>T) polymorphism in the TCF7L2 gene was performed by real-time PCR. Results The rs12255372 polymorphism showed a statistically significant difference between HC and patients with and without DN in both the genotype and allele frequency. However, the rs12255372 polymorphism genotype or allele frequency was not statistically different between patients with DN and those patients without DN. The G allele was found to be higher in patients and the T allele was higher in HC suggesting that the G allele was the risk allele for developing T2D & DN and that the T allele was protective. Conclusion rs12255372 TCF7L2 gene polymorphism was strongly associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus and DN. The association between rs12255372 polymorphism and DN was a mere reflection of a complicated diabetes mellitus rather than a direct independent association.

The Association of Transcription Factor 7 like 2 Gene Polymorphism with Diabetic Nephropathy in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

The genetic side of diabetic kidney disease: a review

Association of the Transcription Factor 7 Like 2 (TCF7L2) Polymorphism With Diabetic Nephropathy Risk: A Meta-Analysis.

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Association of the Transcription Factor 7 Like 2 (TCF7L2) Polymorphism With Diabetic Nephropathy Risk: A Meta-Analysis.