Salvatore Carbone

TL;DR: Obesity patients presenting with an excess body fat, yet without metabolic abnormalities, should still be viewed as an "at risk" population, and as such should receive advice to change their lifestyle to improve their CRF and to prevent the development of impaired fasting glucose, diabetes mellitus and other CVD risk factors as a form of primary prevention.

TL;DR: The mechanisms through which obesity may increase the risk for CVD, and how it may exert protective effects in the setting of established CVD are discussed, with a focus on body composition.

TL;DR: The different modalities to quantify exercise intolerance, the pathophysiology of HF, and comorbid conditions as they lead to reductions in exercise and functional capacity are reviewed, highlighting the fact that distinct causes may coexist and variably contribute to exercise intolerance in patients with HF.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors describe the pathophysiological mechanisms of coronary microvascular dysfunction and its mechanistic and prognostic role across different cardiovascular diseases and discuss diagnostic modalities and the potential therapeutic strategies resulting from recent clinical studies.