Owing to significant advantages of bioactivity and biodegradability, biodegradable metallic materials such as magnesium, iron, and zinc and their alloys have been widely studied over recent years. Metallic wires with superior tensile strength and proper ductility can be fabricated by a traditional metalworking process (drawing). Drawn biodegradable metallic wires are popular biodegradable materials, which are promising in different clinical applications such as orthopedic fixation, surgical staples, cardiovascular stents, and aneurysm occlusion. This paper presents recent advances associated with the application of biodegradable metallic wires used in dental and orthopedic fields. Furthermore, the effects of some parameters such as the surface modification, alloying elements, and fabrication process affecting the degradation rate as well as biocompatibility, bioactivity, and mechanical stability are reviewed in the most recent works pertaining to these materials. Finally, possible pathways for future studies regarding the production of more efficient biodegradable metallic wires in the regeneration of bone defects are also proposed.

Biodegradable Metallic Wires in Dental and Orthopedic Applications: A Review

K-wire migration to unexpected site

Physis is the weakest structure in the skeleton of a child and a frequent site of an injury or fracture. A physeal fracture presents a unique challenge in the management as the sequalae of such an injury could lead to growth disturbances. In this review, mainly focussing on traumatic physeal injuries, the authors discuss the applied anatomy, different fracture patterns, clinical assessment and management of physeal fractures in children. Discussion on acute physeal injuries as well as physeal arrest and approach to its management is presented. Past attempts for treatment of physeal injuries and recent advances in their management is also discussed. The ideal approach to treat physeal injuries should take into account the location of injury, age of the patient, fracture type and growth potential of the involved physis. Prompt diagnosis and physeal-respecting treatment techniques are important.

Management of Physeal Fractures: A Review Article

The clavicle grows at a constant rate (8.4 mm per year) and achieves 80% of its length by 9 years of age in girls and 12 years of age in boys.There is no consensus with regard to the optimal treatment approach to midshaft clavicle fractures in adolescent patients.Complications from nonoperative treatment, including malunion and nonunion, are rare but are associated with increasing age in adolescent patients.In the absence of skin tenting, comminution, or marked displacement or shortening, simple closed midshaft clavicle fractures may be safely treated without radiographic follow-up and/or in the primary care setting.Reported rates of complications following operative management of clavicle fractures vary widely. The implant fixation construct is based on fracture and patient characteristics and is at the discretion of the treating surgeon; however, Kirschner wire fixation should be avoided because of an unacceptable rate and severity of complications.

Management of Clavicle Fractures in Adolescents: A Critical Analysis Review.

Kirschner wire migration is one of the most common complications after internal fixation of fracture or dislocation in the shoulder region. However, cases of contralateral wire migration are rare. We present a case of contralateral loosened Kirschner wire migration from the right acromioclavicular joint to the left side of the neck without damage to any important structures or great vessels. We report a case of a loosened Kirschner wire migrating from the right acromioclavicular joint to the left side of the neck in a 34-year-old Taiwanese man following a route of transversal, descendant, and then ascendant directions. The Kirschner wire was removed by exploratory neck dissection under C-arm fluoroscopy assistance without complication. Wire migration may occur after surgical treatment with or without clinical complaint. Several hypotheses for the mechanism of wire migration have been postulated, including muscular activity, respiratory motion, gravity, and motion of upper extremity. Therefore, the importance of follow-up should be communicated to the patient. Once wire loosening or migration is noted, the implant should be removed immediately under intraoperative C-arm fluoroscopy or ultrasound assistance.

/pdf/contralateral-migration-of-kirschner-wire-from-right-27gwev30h5.pdf

Contralateral migration of Kirschner wire from right acromioclavicular joint to left side of neck: a case report

Death Due to Intra-aortic Migration of Kirschner Wire From the Clavicle: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.

Patellar tendon ossification after retrograde intramedullary nailing for distal femoral shaft fracture: A case report and review of the literature.

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Death Due to Intra-aortic Migration of Kirschner Wire From the Clavicle: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.

Patellar tendon ossification after retrograde intramedullary nailing for distal femoral shaft fracture: A case report and review of the literature.