Topic
Typhus vaccine
About: Typhus vaccine is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 49 publications have been published within this topic receiving 203 citations.
Papers
TL;DR: It is suggested that the mythology about Fleck, established in the 1980s, has been accomplished by a selective reading of his papers and also that the role played by Fleck was more complex than has so far been contemplated.
Abstract: In scholarly debates, Ludwik Fleck's post-war paper 'Problemy naukoznawstwa [Problems of the Science of Science]', published in 1946, has been taken unanimously to illustrate the epistemology expounded in his monograph Genesis and Development of a Scientific Fact. The paper has also been seen to support parts of the received view of Fleck, notably that he manufactured an anti-typhus vaccine while imprisoned in Buchenwald. However, a different narrative emerges when comparing Fleck's paper with other accounts, also published in 1946 and written by other prisoners alluded to by Fleck in his paper. The situation is further complicated by four papers, published in prestigious scientific journals between 1942 and 1945, by the German medical leader of the typhus studies accounted for by Fleck. In addition, a thus-far neglected paper by Fleck, published in 1946 and summarizing his observations on typhus, discloses his role in the Buchenwald studies. Despite the obvious difficulties with tracing the history behind these works, notably the one on Nazi science, the contention is that what was attempted in Buchenwald in the name of science amounted to pseudoscience. This conclusion is amply supported not only by the accounts given by Fleck's fellow prisoners, but also by his own post-war paper on typhus. Based on the above findings, it is suggested that the mythology about Fleck, established in the 1980s, has been accomplished by a selective reading of his papers and also that the role played by Fleck was more complex than has so far been contemplated.
23 citations
TL;DR: The attitude about relative importance, epidemiology, approaches to control and level of research support has been influenced strongly by the trends in modern, advanced Europe.
Abstract: Louse-borne or epidemic typhus fever is without doubt one of the great epidemic diseases of mankind whose ebb and flow through the centuries has been important in the molding of human destiny (1). Much of our knowledge about typhus fever has come from experience in the unique setting of the temperate north of Europe (1–16) where its relative importance has declined as living conditions have improved over many years. Indeed, in recent times the epidemic potential of typhus in Europe has been realized primarily in the wake of the catastrophic disruptions caused by wars. Our attitude about relative importance, epidemiology, approaches to control and level of research support has been influenced strongly by the trends in modern, advanced Europe.
19 citations
17 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: X-rayed and typhus infected rats presenting a generalized peritoneal infection by rickettsiae show temperature curves which are usually under 38°C, and the possibility of a practical application of these studies to the production of typhus vaccine is now being considered.
Abstract: Summary and Conclusions X-rayed and typhus infected rats presenting a generalized peritoneal infection by rickettsiae show temperature curves which are usually under 38°C. Guinea pigs and rabbits inoculated with Mexican typhus develop temperature curves which are usually over 39.5°C. Rickettsia bodies may be found in the tunica vaginalis but not in the peritoneal fluid. Treating these animals by X-ray radiation does not favor the growth of rickettsiae in the peritoneal cavity as observed in rats. When guinea pigs, rabbits and sheep are submitted to reduction of the leucocytes mainly by the X-ray method, then inoculated with Mexican typhus by the peritoneal route and maintenance of the body temperature under 38°C., a generalized rickettsial infection of the peritoneum has been observed. Rectal temperatures above 38°C. (101.3°F.) are not suitable for the massive growth of Mexican typhus rickettsiae within the serosal cells of the peritoneal cavity. The possibility of a practical application of these studies to the production of typhus vaccine is now being considered.
14 citations
TL;DR: The purpose of this paper is to report on the excellent protection afforded personnel of the United States Army by this prophylactic immunization, to record in a limited number of cases in which adequate clinical records have been collected the severity of the disease and the modification of the clinical course and to discuss methods of serologic diagnosis in those persons who contracted epidemic typhus subsequent to vaccination.
Abstract: Entry of the United States into World War II with exposure of our troops to epidemic (louse-borne) typhus fever in many parts of the world called for the use of adequate protective measures against this disease. One important aspect of this protection was the compulsory immunization with typhus vaccine of all soldiers going to or stationed in areas where epidemic typhus was present. The purpose of this paper is to report on the excellent protection afforded the personnel of the United States Army by this prophylactic immunization, to record in a limited number of cases in which adequate clinical records have been collected the severity of the disease and the modification of the clinical course and to discuss methods of serologic diagnosis in those persons who contracted epidemic typhus subsequent to vaccination. The incidence of typhus fever in the entire United States Army during the war years, 1942 to 1946
13 citations
Related Topics (5)
Performance Metrics
| Year | Papers |
|---|---|
| 2014 | 1 |
| 2009 | 2 |
| 2008 | 2 |
| 2002 | 2 |
| 1999 | 1 |
| 1994 | 1 |