TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of foliar application with tyrosine (50 and 100 ppm) and zinc (100 and 200 ppm) on growth, flowering and chemical constituents of Salvia farinacea plants was investigated.
Abstract: Two pot experiments were carried out in the greenhouse of National Research Centre, during two successive seasons (2005 and 2006) to study the effect of foliar application with tyrosine (50 and 100 ppm) and zinc (100 and 200 ppm) on growth , flowering and chemical constituents of Salvia farinacea plants. Plant height, number of leaves and branches, fresh and dry weight of (leaves, branches, shoots) and stem diameter in both cuttings for the two seasons were significantly promoted by increasing the concentration of tyrosine from 50 to 100 ppm as well as flowering parameters and chemical constituents. It is clear that 100 ppm of zinc is sufficient to accelerate the growth parameters as well as flowering parameters (length of peduncle, length of main inflorescence, number of inflorescence and florets, and fresh and dry weight of inflorescences/ plant). Zinc at 100 ppm had insignificant effect on chlorophyll a, total free amino acids, nitrogen and protein content compared with zinc 200 ppm in both cuttings. The highest content of chlorophyll a, total chl. and total caroteniodes in leaves were obtained with zinc at 100 ppm, whereas foliar application 200ppm zinc lead to the highest content of soluble sugars in leaves. Application of tyrosine at 100 ppm followed by zinc at 200 ppm gave the highest value of soluble sugars content. The most promising results were obtained from plants treated with zinc 100 ppm combined with tyrosine 100 ppm which significantly increased growth parameters, flowering parameters and chemical constituents in both cuttings for the two seasons in Salvia farinacea plant.
TL;DR: Salvia farinacea and neem extracts were used as antifungal and antioxidant agents for detecting AFB1 and ochratoxin A (OTA) residues as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: Seventy-five samples of selected meat products, including luncheon, beef burger, sausage, basterma, and kofta, were collected from Alexandria and New Borg El-Arab cities (Egypt). The samples were subjected to mycological examination as well as for detection of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and ochratoxin A (OTA) residues. Besides, the study evaluated the effect of aqueous leaf extracts from mealycup sage (Salvia farinacea) and neem (Azadirachta indica), individually and in combination, on the growth of human pathogens Aspergillus parasiticus and Aspergillus flavus producing AFB1, as well as Aspergillus ochraceus and Aspergillus niger which produce OTA. The obtained results revealed that sausage samples had the highest mould count with a mean value of 13.20×102/g, followed by basterma samples 12.05×102/g, then beef burger 7.39×102/g. In contrast, luncheon and kofta samples had the lowest count with a mean value of 5.51×102/g and 2.82×102/g. The findings revealed the antifungal potential of tested extracts. The total inhibition of A. parasitcus and A. niger growth was observed at 2 mg/mL of the combined extract. Salvia farinacea extract had the highest total phenolic content and total flavonoid content with a value of 174.1 and 52.6 mg g-1, respectively. Rutin was the major phenolic component in neem and combined extracts, accounting for 19123 and 8882 μg/g, respectively. Besides, the study investigated detoxification of AFB1 and OTA using combined extract in albino rats. The results confirmed the convenient and safe use of Salvia farinacea and Azadirachta indica extract and their combination as natural antifungal and antioxidant agents. The combined extract could be used as a natural preservative in food processing to control or prevent contamination.
TL;DR: Victoria Blue decoctions showed high cytotoxic capacity against hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2, cervical carcinoma HeLa, and breast carcinoma cells MCF-7, but comparatively low effects in porcine liver primary cells, which highlights its selectivity.
Abstract: Salvia apiana and Salvia farinacea var. Victoria Blue decoctions were screened for diverse bioactivities, including the ability to counteract oxidative and inflammatory events, as well as to act as cytotoxic and antimicrobial agents. Both extracts showed good activities and that of S. apiana origin was particularly effective regarding the ability to prevent lipid peroxidation and to prevent nitric oxide (NO●) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated murine macrophage RAW 264.7 cell line (EC50 = 50 μg/mL). Moreover, it displayed high cytotoxic capacity against hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2, cervical carcinoma HeLa, and breast carcinoma cells MCF-7, but comparatively low effects in porcine liver primary cells, which highlights its selectivity (GI50 = 41–60 μg/mL vs. 362 μg/mL, respectively). Further, it exhibited inhibitory and lethal potential against a panel of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. It is possible that the bioactive properties of the two Salvia extracts are associated to their phenolic components and, in the particular case of S. apiana, to its richness in phenolic terpenes, namely in rosmanol, hydroxycarnosic acid and a derivative of sageone, which were found in the extract.