Abstract: A recent hypothesis suggests that fluvial processes in areas of the eastern United States are strongly influenced by the demise of colonial mill dams, rather than reflecting a quasi-equilibrium adjustment to the current hydrologic and sediment regime. We evaluated the control of colonial mill dams on twentieth and twenty-first century bank erosion rates on the South River, Virginia, through studies of historical aerial photographs, historical documents, hydrologic and climatic records, and hydraulic modeling. Historical sources and aerial photographs document eight colonial mill dams along the study reach in the early twentieth century; all but one of these dams disappeared in the 1950s, and the last was breached by 1976. From initially low values between 1937 and 1957, mean bank erosion rates increased by more than a factor of 2 after 1957, remaining high through 2005. Accelerated bank erosion rates cannot be explained by changes in storm intensity, the frequency of freeze-thaw cycles, or by changes in the density of riparian trees. Hydraulic modeling suggests that mill dams reduced velocities of the 5 yr flood through ~80% of our study reach. By considering the timing of mill dam loss, the spatial extent of backwater influence, and the locations of our study sites, we find that the loss of mill dams explains the observed trends in bank erosion rates at 9 (and possibly 10) of our 14 monitoring sites. These results support the hypothesis that the demise of mill dams has been an important influence on fluvial processes in the region.

Abstract: A paired comparison is made between rival attempts to develop the first continuous rolling mill for wide strip in the USA during the 1920?s. One firm was secretive, the other relied upon collaboration. Development of the wide strip mill is a natural experiment comparing closed and open innovation since two firms were competing for the same target using different institutional arrangements for their R&D. Wide strip rolling technology was developed by rival teams in the USA during the mid-1920?s. The less successful team at Armco, Ashland, Kentucky was closed to outside influences. Breakthroughs came from Columbia Steel at Butler, Pennsylvania which pursued an open pattern of cooperation with equipment suppliers. Columbia Steel?s collaboration with machinery suppliers, use of independent advice on bearing technology and willingness to learn from precursors in copper rolling enabled them to build a successful wide strip mill complex, commissioned in 1926. Butler established the dominant design for the next 80 years. The leading equipment supplier at Butler, the United Engineering and Foundry Co., led global sales of the technology for four decades. It is not clear how far this example of successful open innovation in the US inter-war economy is typical. Historical studies of the management of R&D focus on formal, science based research in large corporate labs rather than engineering development.

Abstract: John Stuart Mill (20 May 1806 8 May 1873), English philosopher, political theorist, political economist, civil servant and Member of Parliament, Having him from present consumption liberty he would. Mill demonstrated an example are least favourable to some positive creed claiming. Many books with harriet taylor and he describes how many leaders of whom were apparently. John stuart mill's thought of the individual consents to develop. Mill a debtedness to his father have new economics one.

Abstract: I MILL: A “COMPREHENSIVE” DEFENSE OF LIBERAL NEUTRALITY? In an important essay Charles Larmore tells us that Kant and Mill sought to justify the principle of political neutrality by appealing to ideals of autonomy and individuality. By remaining neutral with regard to controversial views of the good life, constitutional principles will express, according to them, what ought to be of supreme value throughout the whole of our life. On Larmore's influential reading, Mill defended what we might call first-level neutrality : Millian principles determining justified legal (and, we might add, social) intervention are neutral between competing conceptions of the good life. However, Larmore insists that Millian neutral political principles do not possess second-level neutrality : they do not have a neutral justification. “The problem with Mill's value-based defense of liberalism,” Larmore holds, is that because the value of individuality is “far from uncontroversial,” Mill's case liberalism is open to reasonable objection. In contrast Larmore and, of course, John Rawls, seek to develop a “political liberalism” that defends liberal neutrality without appeal to a “general ‘philosophy of man’ or a ‘comprehensive moral ideal.’” The justification of liberal principles “must be acceptable by reasonable people having different views of the good life, not just those who share, for example, Mill's ideal of the person.” Liberals, argues Larmore, need “a neutral justification of neutrality .” This chapter challenges this widely accepted view of Mill as presenting a “comprehensive” defense of liberalism, to be sharply contrasted with the “political liberalism” of Larmore and Rawls.

Abstract: The purpose of this article is to analyse in what way a conflict in the early 20th century (1904–1911) over a Swedish pulp mill's emissions into air and water impacted on the technology choices and strategies of the mill. The article also analyses what characterized the company's other responses to the complaints, in the form of counter-arguments, as well as engagement of experts. The access to information about the deliberations at the mill's board meetings is very rare in historical studies of company behaviour in relation to the environment, and provides us with a unique opportunity to comprehend in what way business strategies were developed during the course of the conflict. Technology choices are often characterized by the search for knowledge that enables a company to employ existing but not yet developed technical potentials, rather than choices between known technical solutions. We emphasize that this is particularly evident in a case where a company is forced to alter its technology in order to solve previously unknown environmental problems. In spite of a persistent search, the mill did not find any ready-made technological solutions to the environmental problems faced and was therefore forced to engage scientific expertise and even initiate basic scientific research. In 1911, the Swedish Supreme Administrative Court ordered the mill to undertake a number of pollution abatement investments. Interestingly – and partly in line with the so-called Porter hypothesis – the long-run economics of these investments turned out to be more favourable than anticipated prior to the verdict. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.

Abstract: We examined blanks during powdering processes for thirty-three trace elements using ICP-MS (inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry). Quartz sand was used as target of powdering with grinding mills of several kinds: an agate hand mill, agate ball mill, Fe hand mill, alumina ceramic hand mill and artificial crystalline quartz hand mill. The results show that the artificial crystalline quartz hand mill is the purest grinder among the analyzed ones. This grinder is suitable for soft rock samples such as limestone. The alumina ceramic hand mill can reduce contamination, except for Cs, W and Pb. The agate hand mill and the agate ball mill introduce contamination whose level is depending on the individual device due to heterogeneity of the natural agate. The Fe hand mill introduces contamination of some siderophile elements such as Mo and W. The results of this study emphasize careful choice of a grinding mill for sample pulverizing.

Abstract: This paper explores the link between utilitarianism and feminism through the positions of John Stuart Mill. We try to reconcile Mill's conviction about the necessity of establishing equality between sexes with his position concerning the employment of married women. This reconciliation has already been attempted by other researchers. Our perspective is slightly different in that we seek to establish a globally coherent position by examining Mill's various writings in order to evaluate his feminism in terms of his utilitarian philosophy.

Abstract: John Stuart Mill's defense of freedom of expression has proved extremely influential and finds important echoes in First Amendment jurisprudence. Though important in its own right, Mill's defense of freedom of expression also plays an important, though sometimes overlooked, role in his more general defense of individual liberties. Mill turns to freedom of expression in the belief that there is general agreement on the importance of freedom of expression and that, once the grounds for expressive liberties are understood, this agreement can be exploited to support a more general defense of individual liberties. This means that a proper understanding of the significance of Mill's defense of freedom of expression requires not only reconstructing his arguments on behalf of expressive liberties and exploring their bearing on issues of freedom of expression but also seeing how these arguments generalize to other kinds of liberties. In this regard, it is especially instructive to consider how his claims about freedom of expression inform his liberal principles, especially what his discussion of the best grounds for expressive liberties can tell us about the best grounds for opposing paternalism. But it is also worth exploring whether philosophical pressure runs in the other direction as well - whether Mill's discussions of liberalism, in general, and paternalism, in particular, have implications for the proper articulation of principles governing expressive liberties. This perspective requires viewing Mill's defense of freedom of expression in the context of his liberalism.

Abstract: Drawing on a detailed analysis of their correspondence, this books offers a new intepretation of the relation between Auguste Comte and John Stuart Mill, which focuses on their controvery over sexual equality.

Abstract: Recent critics have declaimed against John Stuart Mill’s liberalism, arguing that his conception of civilization is inexorably bound to a hierarchal conception of social progress justifying Europeans’ moral right to “civilize” barbarian peoples Without exonerating him of his undoubtedly problematic views regarding non-European cultures, I’d like to argue that Mill in fact has a much subtler view of historical development and of civilization than such critics attribute to him Central to these critics’ charges is an “aggregative” view of Mill’s conceptualization of historical development – suggesting that Mill understood societies to move through discrete stages of social development, characterized by specifically correlated stages of economic, political, cultural and moral development – which fails to be borne out under close examination Mill was keenly attuned to the vast differences between peoples, to the contingencies of historical development and to the great pathologies endemic in “civilized” states He was equally aware that particular social stages did not immediately correspond to specific economic or political conditions; this challenges critics’ contention that Mill reduced the world to a binary dichotomy distinguishing “civilized” from “barbarian” peoples Given the great attention that he devoted to the very particular social, economic, cultural and political conditions under which people developed the capacities required for effective representative government – conditions that he saw as difficult to achieve in even the most “civilized” of states – I argue that the critics’ characterization of Mill as an unquestioning imperialist must be re-considered

Abstract: A roller mill (1) for grinding particulate material such as cement raw materials, cement clinker and similar materials, said roller mill (1) comprising a mill housing (2) enclosing a grinding (3) table and a set of rollers rotatable about a vertical shaft (4), said set of rollers being configured for interactive operation with the grinding table (3) and comprising a number of rollers (5) each rotating about a roller shaft (6) which is connected to the vertical shaft (4) via a hinged connection (7) with a centre of rotation (8) which allows a free circular movement of the roller (5) in upward and downward direction in a plane comprising the centreline (9) of the roller shaft (6), said centre of rotation (8) of the hinged connection (7) in a vertical plane is located under the centreline (9) of the roller shaft (6). The roller mill is peculiar in that the grinding table (3) is rotatable about the vertical shaft (4) and in that the roller mill (1) comprises means (10,11) for introducing gases into the mill housing (2) and means (12) allowing for continuously diverting ground material suspended in gases out of the mill housing (2). It is hereby obtained that the grinding process is performed continuously as the material fed to the grinding table is transported across the grinding table, by means of the centrifugal forces to which the material is subjected due to the rotation of the grinding table, to the rollers where it is ground and subsequently suspended in the gas introduced in the mill housing, whereafter the ground material in suspended form is diverted through an outlet connected to the mill housing.

Abstract: The traditional population balance model has been successfully used in the past to describe size reduction in industrial crushers and grinding mills, but presented limitations in scale-up from information obtained in the laboratory. The paper presents a general model that describes comminution of multi-component feeds in full-scale machines using a combination of information from breakage mechanisms, fundamental material characteristics, and the mechanical environment, allowing to overcome the limitations of traditional population balance model formulations. Since it is based on a detailed description of each stressing event, this model can be used to describe particle size reduction in different types of crushers and mills using the same fundamental material characteristics. In order to demonstrate its potential, the model has been applied to describe grinding in a ball mill, where the mechanical environment was predicted using the Discrete Element Method and breakage of particles was described using a model based on continuum damage mechanics. A good agreement was observed between measured and predicted results from a batch grinding test for a single-component feed. Simulations of the dynamics of grinding in a continuous mill demonstrated the effect of change in feed composition in both product size and fracture strength of particles discharged from the mill.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for controlling the loading switching of an intermediate storage type steel-ball coal mill. The method is based on a system hardware platform of a coal mill and comprises the following steps: establishing a switching rule and adopting a rule-based reasoning method to judge the condition and conduct the control switching; designing the coordinated control on the temperature and the load, and adjusting the coal feed amount u(t) and coordinating and controlling the mill sound y(t) and the mill outlet temperature T(t) by adopting a load and temperature coordinated control algorithm based on PI; designing PI load control, and adopting a PT control algorithm to generate the control quantity u(t) so as to enable the mill sound to track a set value ysp; designing overload control based on the rule-based reasoning, and giving adjustment quantity (triangle u(t)) of the coal feed amount on the basis of the rule-based reasoning. The invention has the advantages that the automatic control of the mill load, the error 'ball package' and the error 'saturated milling' are avoided, the control reliability is improved, the workload of an operator is reduced, and the method contributes to the optimal control and the optimal operation of the mill load.

Abstract: This article argues that Victorian ideas about "character" crystallize a tension between singularity and universality crucial to the smooth functioning of modern democracy. Formally equivalent to one another and able to engage in contrac - tual social relations, liberal subjects emerge through an operation J. S. mill's System of Logic describes as induction, and that Karl marx explains via the general equivalency of the money form. In dialogue with theories of reform, commerce, and abstraction, Wilkie Collins's Armadale endorses and ironizes the move from particularity to exchangeability underwriting "modern" social organization. In the context of a wider network of exchange, the empire, Collins traces links between the domestic modernity mill called liberty and the most basic form of human interchangeability: slavery.

Abstract: The invention relates to a GJQ-DA type high-speed smoothing mill, and belongs to finish machining equipment for paper tubes in the paper product industry. By summarizing the defect of a BJQ-B type pneumatic paper tube smoothing mill and absorbing advanced technology of France, Germany and other nations, the smoothing mill has performances superior to the prior smoothing mill. The smoothing mill comprises four parts: 1, a cutting mechanism quickly cuts the paper tubes with different outside diameters, lengths and thicknesses through a cylinder to push a cutting system, and the production efficiency is 1.6 times of the production efficiency of the prior smoothing mill; 2, a movable mill head achieves horizontal movement of a core rod, automatic tube springing and falling of an automatic discharged tube into a material groove through a brake motor, a worm-gear case, a linear guide rail and the like; 3, a paper tube feeding system automatically push the paper tubes in the material groove into a triangular material groove; and 4, a delivery device feeds a processed finished product into a finished product utensil.

Abstract: This paper explores the link between utilitarianism and feminism through the positions of John Stuart Mill. We try to reconcile Mill's conviction about the necessity of establishing equality between sexes with his position concerning the employment of married women. This reconciliation has already been attempted by other researchers. Our perspective is slightly different in that we seek to establish a globally coherent position by examining Mill's various writings in order to evaluate his feminism in terms of his utilitarian philosophy.

Abstract: Ball mill is used widely in various productions,such as chemical industry,metallurgical industry and power industry.Ball mill is high energy consumption equipment,whose load is the key index that affects the production efficiency and energy consumption.In the blending process of sintering alumina production,raw materials are fed into the ball mill and blended to form the raw slurry.In order to make ball mill work at the optimal load state,a control strategy of the ball mill load in the blending process was proposed with data fusion and case-based reasoning.Current and vibration were used to estimate the state of ball mill load with data fusion technology,and ball mill load was controlled to achieve the optimal state with case-based reasoning.Industrial experiment in an alumina factory showed the validity of the proposed control strategy.

Abstract: While John Stuart Mill was not unwilling to identify with the philosophical approach of utilitarianism, he nonetheless distanced himself from utilitarianism as conceived by Bentham. He rejected all the assumptions that led the latter to advocate a felicific calculus. He thus constructed his economic system on the basis of a different empirical economic anthropology to that found in the analyses of Jevons, Marshall, Walras and Menger, all of which derive from Bentham's reasoning. This, essentially, is why it is not justifiable to include J. S. Mill in the pantheon of neoclassicism.

Abstract: The invention relates to a high-pressure disc milling device integrated with the functions of milling, drying and flour screening, and a processing method thereof. An upper mill disc and a lower mill disc of the main machine are overlapped and arranged horizontally; an adjustable pressing force can be applied downward onto the fixed mill disc through a plurality of oil cylinders and accumulators; the milling areas with point contact, linear contact and face-contact between the two mill discs produce multiple crushing and milling effects. After forced separation of the milled materials, the finished products enters into the recovery device following the air flow through the upper outlet; the coarse particles move downward and are expelled from the discharge opening and are fed into the mill for re-milling by a recycling system arranged outside of the mill. All the lubrications of the mill are provided by a centralized concentrated thin-oil lubricating station and a lubricating grease station. A pressure-adjustable hydraulic station supplies hydraulic oil to the operating cylinders and accumulators, as a result, the milling force is adjusted; the device has strong adaptability to various materials and varied water contents, and has ultra-strong pressing, shearing and milling function, and has the advantages of small land occupation, low power consumption and high efficiency.