Microhyla pulchra

Abstract: Relative to other animal taxa, ecotoxicological studies on amphibians are scarce, even though amphibians are experiencing global declines and pollution has been identified as an important threat. Agricultural lands provide important habitats for many amphibians, but often these lands are contaminated with pesticides. The authors determined the acute toxicity, in terms of 96-h median lethal concentrations, of the carbamate pesticide methomyl on larvae of 3 Asian amphibian species, the Asian common toad (Duttaphrynus melanostictus), the brown tree frog (Polypedates megacephalus), and the marbled pygmy frog (Microhyla pulchra), at 5 different temperatures (15 °C, 20 °C, 25 °C, 30 °C, and 35 °C) to examine the relationships between temperature and toxicity. Significant interspecific variation in methomyl sensitivity and 2 distinct patterns of temperature-dependent toxicity were found. Because high proportions of malformation among the surviving tadpoles were observed, a further test was carried out on the tree frog to determine effect concentrations using malformation as the endpoint. Concentrations as low as 1.4% of the corresponding 96-h median lethal concentrations at 25 °C were sufficient to cause malformation in 50% of the test population. As the toxicity of pesticides may be significantly amplified at higher temperatures, temperature effects should not be overlooked in ecotoxicological studies and derivation of safety limits in environmental risk assessment and management. Environ Toxicol Chem 2015;34:2322–2327. © 2015 SETAC

Abstract: Relative to other animal taxa, ecotoxicological studies on amphibians are scarce, even though amphibians are experiencing global declines and pollution has been identified as an important threat. Agricultural lands provide important habitats for many amphibians, but often these lands are contaminated with pesticides. The authors determined the acute toxicity, in terms of 96-h median lethal concentrations, of the carbamate pesticide methomyl on larvae of 3 Asian amphibian species, the Asian common toad (Duttaphrynus melanostictus), the brown tree frog (Polypedates megacephalus), and the marbled pygmy frog (Microhyla pulchra), at 5 different temperatures (158C, 208C, 258C, 308C, and 358C) to examine the relationships between temperature and toxicity. Significant interspecific variation in methomyl sensitivity and 2 distinct patterns of temperature-dependent toxicity were found. Because high proportions of malformation among the surviving tadpoles were observed, a further test was carried out on the tree frog to determine effect concentrations using malformation as the endpoint. Concentrations as low as 1.4% of the corresponding 96-h median lethal concentrations at 258C were sufficient to cause malformation in 50% of the test population. As the toxicity of pesticides may be significantly amplifiedat highertemperatures,temperature effectsshouldnotbeoverlookedinecotoxicologicalstudies and derivationof safety limits in environmental risk assessment and management. Environ Toxicol Chem 2015;9999:1-6. # 2015 SETAC

Abstract: Habitat destruction and degradation in the tropics has led to a dramatic increase in altered habitats. Understanding the impacts of these disturbed areas on biodiversity will be critical to future conservation efforts. Despite heavy deforestation, Southeast Asia is underrepresented in studies investigating faunal communities in human-modified landscapes. This project assessed the herpetofaunal community in dry dipterocarp forest, secondary disturbed forest, and Eucalyptus plantations in the Sakaerat Biosphere Reserve. In May, June, and September of 2015, we surveyed using 10 passive trapping arrays. Both the Eucalyptus plantations and secondary disturbed forest habitats (224 and 141 individuals, respectively) had higher amphibian abundance than the dry dipterocarp forest (57 individuals), but we observed significant seasonal variation in amphibian abundance. During the wetter month of September, we recorded higher numbers of amphibian individuals and species. In particular, we noted that distance to a streambed influenced amphibian abundance during the rainy season. The three most abundant species in May and June were Microhyla fissipes, Fejervarya limnocharis, and Microhyla pulchra. In September, the three most abundant species were Microhyla fissipes, Glyphoglossus molossus, and Kaloula mediolineata. Our findings suggest that seasonal resources should be considered when conducting monitoring programs and making conservation decisions for amphibians.

Abstract: Predatory effect of tadpoles of Bufo gargarizans gargarizans and Microhyla pulchra on algae was studied in laboratory to know the control effect of tadpoles on algae.The result showed that the predation number of tadpoles on Cyanophyta increased evidently,but the average predation number of individual tadpole decreased with the increase of their population density.The tadpoles of B.gargarizans gargarizans disliked preying on Chlorophyta,therefore Chlorophyta had high population density due to nutrient uptake and propagation with reduction of Cyanophyta.The paper also prospected some future study fields of tadpoles in water resources protection.