TL;DR: Phylogenetic relationships of the freshwater turtles of the genus Mauremys and representatives of several other batagurid genera were inferred from variations in 863 base positions of mitochondrial 12S and 16S rRNA genes, and it is probable that the morphological character states used to define Maures actually represent symplesiomorphy.
Abstract: Phylogenetic relationships of the freshwater turtles of the genus Mauremys and representatives of several other batagurid genera were inferred from variations in 863 base positions of mitochondrial 12S and 16S rRNA genes. Results strongly suggested the non-monophyly of Mauremys by indicating the closest affinity of Mauremys japonica with Chinemys reevesii, the type species of the genus Chinemys. Recent morphological analyses of the batagurid genera suggested that Mauremys is a basal stock of the subfamily Geoemydinae, whereas Chinemys is a member of the subfamily Batagurinae as supported by several putative synapomorphs with other batagurine genera. It is thus probable that the morphological character states used to define Mauremys actually represent symplesiomorphy, and that morphological character states shared between Chinemys and other batagurine genera have resulted from convergence. Also, our results did not support a sister-group relationship between Mauremys annamensis and Mauremys mutica, which has been implicitly or explicitly assumed by a number of previous authors on the basis of morphological data. Instead, M. annamensis was indicated to be closest to Mauremys iversoni, a species assumed to be most divergent among the East Asian Mauremys by previous authors.
TL;DR: Morphometric variation in populations of East Asian Mauremys was evaluated with discriminant function and cluster analysis, finding M. iversoni is the most distinctive member of the group, although specimens from Guizhou Prov.
Abstract: Morphometric variation in populations of East Asian Mauremys was evaluated with discriminant function and cluster analysis. M. iversoni is the most distinctive member of the group, although specimens from Guizhou Prov., China originally assigned to that taxon may represent an undescribed species. Mauremys (formerly Annamemys) annamensis is a morphometrically distinct species. Annamemys grochovskiae is a synonym of M. mutica (not M. annamensis). Mauremys guangxiensis is apparently a composite species; the holotype is apparently M. iversoni and the paratype is M. mutica
TL;DR: In this paper, a trade survey of the Annam pond turtle reveals that this species is likely to have larger distribution than previously thought, and the records in the trade in Quy Nhon and Ho Chi Minh City suggest its range could extend much further south.
Abstract: This trade survey of Annam Pond Turtle reveals that this species is likely to have larger distribution than previously thought. The records in the trade in Quy Nhon and Ho Chi Minh City suggest its range could extend much further south. In addition, given the one way south-north trade route, the absence of Mauremys mutica in the trade south of Hai Van Pass and the reported absence of M. annamensis in the trade north of the Pass support the hypothesis that the Pass is the natural barrier for the two species ranges. This hypothesis combined with the long existence of the Pass might indicate that the speciation between the two species happened when their ancestors dispersed across the Pass, and were subsequently isolated, by the means of rafting or walking through narrow land strip emerged during the low sea level period. In terms of conservation, M. annamensis has become much rarer even in the trade, suggesting immediate conservation measures to protect it.
TL;DR: Based on the molecular data and phenotypes of existing hybrids, hybrid origin of M. annamensis may be another possibility and the barcoding sequences could not distinguish them from each other.
Abstract: The mitochondrial DNA cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene (COI) has been used as an efficient barcoding tool for species identification of animals. In this study, the barcoding sequences were used to assess the genetic diversity and relationship of Mauremy mutica and M. annamensis. Four currently recognized groups of M. mutica were classified into two groups in this study, with 6% intergroup distances, the S group and the N group, consistent to the calling of "southern turtle" and "northern turtle" in folk of China. The north population and Taiwan population formed the N group, and further, the Taiwan population was differentiated as a monophyly originated from the north population, consistent to the calling of "big green head" for the Taiwan population and "small green head" for the north population. The Vietnam, Hainan population, and M. annamensis formed the S group, and the barcoding sequences could not distinguish them from each other. Based on the molecular data and phenotypes of existing hybrids, hybrid origin of M. annamensis may be another possibility.