Cyphelloid fungi

Abstract: Phylogenetic relationships of the marine gasteromycete, Nia vibrissa, were investigated using four ribosomal DNA (rDNA) regions Independent analyses of mitochondrial small-subunit (mt-ssu) rDNA, mitochondrial large subunit (mt-lsu) rDNA, nuclear small-subunit (nuc-ssu) rDNA, and nuclear large subunit (nuc-lsu) rDNA all suggest that Nia vi- brissa is in the euagarics clade The mt-lsu, nuc-ssu, and nuc-lsu datasets suggest that Nia vibrissa is closely related to the cyphelloid fungus, Henningsomyces can- didus, but in all three datasets the monophyly of the Nia-Henningsomyces group is weakly supported Anal- yses of mt-ssu rDNA suggest that the sister group of Nia vibrissa is Schizophyllum commune, but again the relationship is weakly supported A combined analysis of all four rDNA regions strongly supports the sister group relationship of Nia vibrissa and Henningsomy- ces candidus Schizophyllum commune and Fistulina he- patica form a strongly supported clade that is weakly supported as the sister group of the Nia-Henningso- myces clade Schizophyllum commune and Fistulina he- patica both resemble cyphelloid fungi in some as- pects of their hymenophore morphology, and it is plausible that they could be closely related to Hen- ningsomyces candidus Eighteen genera of terrestrial gasteromycetes were included in the analyses, but none are closely related to Nia vibrissa, which there- fore represents an independent origin of the gaster- oid habit in the homobasidiomycetes

Abstract: We describe a new species, Cantharellus cyphelloides (Cantharellaceae, Cantharellales, Agaricomycetes), from a Japanese evergreen broad-leaved forest based on morphological and molecular data. The new species differs from other Cantharellus species by its cyphelloid basidiomata with the hymenophore produced on the adaxial surface (inner side of the cup), rather than the abaxial surface. Molecular phylogenetic reconstruction, based on partial nLSU rDNA sequence data, and microscopic features place the new species in Cantharellus subgenus Cinnabarinus. An emended description of subgenus Cinnabarinus is provided.

Abstract: Sparsitubus is a monotypic genus found in East Asia that has a bizarre cyphelloid hymenophore. The position of Sparsitubus in the Polyporaceae has been suggested previously based on morphological characters. To study the relationships of Sparsitubus among other Homobasidiomycetes, rDNA sequences of Sparsitubus and polypores representatives were generated or downloaded from GenBank. Parsimony analyses using rDNA data suggest that Sparsitubus is in a clade of polypores producing a white rot and maybe closely related to the Ganodermataceae. Characters of fruiting body, hyphal systems, and basidiospore were compared and discussed between S. nelumbiformis and related polypores or similar cyphelloid fungi.