Point:Counterpoint: Stroke volume does/does not decline during exercise at maximal effort in healthy individuals

TL;DR: In this part of the review, the different aspects of HIT programming are discussed, from work/relief interval manipulation to HIT periodization, using different examples of training cycles from different sports, with continued reference to the cardiorespiratory adaptations outlined in Part I.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the mechanisms underlying peripheral muscle fatigue due to energetic supply/demand mismatch and clarified the local mediators of fatigue at the skeletal muscle level, though the afferent signalling pathways that communicate these environmental conditions to the brain and the sites of central integration of cardiovascular and neuromotor control are still being worked out.

TL;DR: Mechanisms of importance for hyperthermia-induced fatigue during short intense activities and prolonged exercise in the heat are addressed and the interaction between central and peripheral physiological factors also needs to be considered.

TL;DR: Limits of cardiac function and muscle vasoconstriction underlie the inability of the circulatory system to meet the increasing metabolic demand of skeletal muscles and other tissues during whole‐body exercise.

TL;DR: The magnitude of perfusion observed during intense exercise indicates that the vascular bed of skeletal muscle is not a limiting factor for oxygen transport, and muscle blood flow is closely related to the oxygen demand of the exercising muscles.

TL;DR: In the present study oxygen uptake, cardiac output, stroke volume (dye-dilution technique) and oxygen content of arterial blood were determined in 11 women and 12 men, 20–31 years of age, at rest, at resting time.