Multiplication-based analog motion detection chip
Andrew J. Moore,Christof Koch +1 more
- 09 Jul 1991
- Vol. 1473, pp 66-75
TL;DR: The authors have opened the loop and characterized the circuit as a multiplication-based motion detector, in which the output is the product of the temporal and spatial derivatives of intensity, for various light levels and various moving patterns.
read more
Abstract: Novel use of an analog motion detection circuit is presented. The circuit, developed by Tanner and Mead, computes motion by dividing the time derivative of intensity by its spatial derivative; the four-quadrant division is realized with a multiplier within a negative feedback loop. The authors have opened the loop and characterized the circuit as a multiplication-based motion detector, in which the output is the product of the temporal and spatial derivatives of intensity, for various light levels and various moving patterns. An application to the time-to- contact computation is presented.© (1991) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
read more
Chat with Paper
AI Agents for this Paper
Find similar papers on Google Scholar, PubMed and Arxiv
Write a critical review of this paper
Analyze citations of this paper to find unaddressed research gaps
Figures
Figure 3. Variation of 8 
Figure 4. The integrated output of a single-element motion detector for various speeds and light levels. The light levels for the three curves are: steepest curve (triangles), 7000 raW/rn2; middle curve (circles), 100 mW/rn2; shallow curve (squares), 10 mW/rn2. 
Figure 2. Response of a single element to moving stripes. The top two traces are photoreceptor outputs and the bottom trace is the product of the temporal and spatial derivative. 
Figure 7. The output of a multi-element motion detection chip viewing the right half of a card rotating about a vertical axis; the line of sight is horizontal. The motion, which is sinusoidal in the perspective projection, is captured well by the chip. In a time-to-contact scenario, positive velocities represent looming. A threshold of the positive velocity provides a primitive estimate of time to contact. 
Figure 5. The response of a multi-element motion detection chip for a velocity varies as a triangle wave, with light level increasing over time. 
Figure 6. The output of a multi-element motion detection chip for striped patterns of different
Citations
Accuracy vs. Efficiency Trade-offs in Optical Flow Algorithms
Hongche Liu,Hongche Liu,Tsai-Hong Hong,Martin Herman,Rama Chellappa +4 more
- 15 Apr 1996
TL;DR: This paper addresses many implementation issues that have often been neglected in previous research, including subsampling, temporal filtering of the output stream, algorithms' flexibility and robustness, etc, and their impacts on accuracy and/or efficiency are emphasized.
Neuromorphic vision sensors
TL;DR: The history and current practices for implementing neuromorphic sensors with task-specific spatial variant layouts, continuous time and steady-state phototransduction, dynamic range compression using logarithmic and adaptive photoreceptors, and early visual processing capabilities for focal plane edge, motion and orientation detection are provided.
97
Computing motion using analog VLSI vision chips: an experimental comparison among four approaches
Christof Koch,Andrew J. Moore,Wyeth Bair,Timothy K. Horiuchi,Brooks Bishofberger,John Lazzaro +5 more
- 07 Oct 1991
TL;DR: Experimental data is presented for three analog CMOS VLSI circuits for computing 1D motion from the time-varying intensity values provided by an array of on-chip phototransistors and the performance of a simple motion algorithm using off-the-shelf components is described.
45
Patent
Method for capturing images comprising a measurement of local motions
Fabrice Gensolen,Lionel Martin,Guy Cathebras +2 more
- 09 Mar 2011
TL;DR: In this paper, a method for capturing a sequence of video images, using an imager including an estimation of the parameters of a model of global motion between successive images, is presented.
36
A new VLSI smart sensor for collision avoidance inspired by insect vision
Derek Abbott,Alireza Moini,Andre Yakovleff,X. Thong Nguyen,Andrew J. Blanksby,Gyudong Kim,Abdesselam Bouzerdoum,R.E. Bogner,Kamran Eshraghian +8 more
- 06 Jan 1995
TL;DR: An analog VLSI implementation of a smart microsensor that mimics the early visual processing stage in insects is described with an emphasis on the overall concept and the front- end detection.
25
References
Determining optical flow
TL;DR: In this paper, a method for finding the optical flow pattern is presented which assumes that the apparent velocity of the brightness pattern varies smoothly almost everywhere in the image, and an iterative implementation is shown which successfully computes the Optical Flow for a number of synthetic image sequences.
12.4K
•Book
Determining optical flow
Berthold K. P. Horn,Brian G. Schunck +1 more
- 03 Jan 1992
TL;DR: An iterative implementation is shown which successfully computes the optical flow for a number of synthetic image sequences and is robust in that it can handle image sequences that are quantified rather coarsely in space and time.
Plummeting gannets: a paradigm of ecological optics
David N. Lee,Paul E. Reddish +1 more
TL;DR: Evidence is presented in support of a theory to explain how actions are visually tuned, derived from a film analysis of the spectacular plunge dive of one of Britain's largest seabirds, the gannet.
762
The optic flow field: the foundation of vision.
TL;DR: A mathematical analysis of the optic flow field is presented, revealing the information that it affords for controlling activity - information both about the topography of the environment and about the movement of the organism relative to the environment.
645
Flow-field variables trigger landing in flies
TL;DR: In this article, it was shown that pre-landing deceleration in flies is triggered by the ratio of the image expansion of a target on the retina to the image size (relative retinal expansion velocity, RREV) reaching a critical value.
360
Related Papers (5)
John E. Tanner,Carver A. Mead +1 more
- 01 Jan 1986
Timothy K. Horiuchi,John Lazzaro,Andrew J. Moore,Christof Koch +3 more
- 01 Oct 1990
Ronald G. Benson,Tobi Delbruck +1 more
- 02 Dec 1991
Carver A. Mead
- 01 Jan 1989