Electrical stimulation in treating spasticity resulting from spinal cord injury
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TL;DR: Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation was applied to the dermatomes belonging to the same spinal cord level as the selected spastic muscle group, and found to produce a noticeable decrease of spasticity in three of the patients, but had little effect on the others.
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About: This article is published in Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. The article was published on 01 Aug 1985. and is currently open access. The article focuses on the topics: Spasticity & Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation.
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Citations
Relief of hemiparetic spasticity by TENS is associated with improvement in reflex and voluntary motor functions.
TL;DR: Repeat applications of TENS can reduce clinical spasticity and improve control of reflex and motor functions in hemiparetic subjects, and the underlying mechanisms may be due partly to an enhancement in presynaptic inhibition of the spastic plantarflexor, and partly to a possible "disinhibition" of descending voluntary commands to the paretic dorsiflexor motoneurons.
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Modification of spasticity by transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation in individuals with incomplete spinal cord injury.
Ursula S. Hofstoetter,William B. McKay,Keith E. Tansey,Winfried Mayr,Helmut Kern,Karen Minassian +5 more
TL;DR: Preliminary results suggest that tSCS, similar to epidurally delivered stimulation, may be used for spasticity control, without negatively impacting residual motor control in incomplete SCI.
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What is spasticity
Abstract: Tbe gnatHt rtttnt dioical ad,·ucement . in ian~enc:iog severe ~ast~c Impairment was uadoubtedly the iatroductwa of IDirath.ecal ~p.pl";aiiOa _of GABA,. Agonist haclofen aad to some degree of l~al botuhaum ID~CCII~Ds •nth dramatic reduction of spastic muJCie ton<. • Vanous electropbys10logH:al parameten testing motooeuronal e~eitability in spastic patients bu·c elucidated tbe time course of chauga for diffenat baclofen bolus dosages u wcU as for dilfereal steady slate baclofen kvtls. • Tbt initially ap~re~~nded problem of d toleraace bas not pro,·ed to be true and is not a hm•Uag factor. Steady d ru.;gn an nachtd normally within one year. • The origiaal assumption that
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Reciprocating gait orthosis powered with electrical muscle stimulation (RGO II). Part I : Performance evaluation of 70 paraplegic patients
Moshe Solomonow,Erwin A. Aguilar,Efrain Reisin,Richard V. Baratta,R. Best,T Coetzee,Robert D'Ambrosia +6 more
TL;DR: It was concluded that the RGO II is viable orthosis for restoring standing and limited walking in paraplegics while providing sufficient function, safety, and reliability.
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Peripheral Nerve Stimulation for Restoration of Motor Function
Niloy Bhadra,P.H. Peckham +1 more
TL;DR: The basic physiology of electrical stimulation, the electrophysiology and biomaterials associated with using metal electrodes to deliver charge to living tissue, and also the adverse effects of stimulation are described.
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References
Pain mechanisms: A new theory
Ronald Melzack,Patrick D. Wall +1 more
Abstract: 'f.he nature of pa.in has been the bject of bitter controversy since the turn of the century (J). There are currently two opposing theories of pain: (i) specificity theory, which holds that pain is a specific modality · e vision or hearing, "with its own central and peripheral apparatus" (2), tnd (ii) pattern theory, which main'ns that the nerve impulse pattern for pain is produced by intense stimulation of nonspecific receptors since "there are no specific fibers and no apecific endings" (3). Both theories derive from earlier concepts proposed by ~on Frey (4) and Goldscheider (5) Ill 1894, and historically they are held to be mutually exclusive. Since it is our purpose here to propose a new theory of pain mechanisms, we shall Slate explicitly at the outset where we agree and disagree with specificity and pattern theories.
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Pendulum testing of spasticity
T. Bajd,L. Vodovnik +1 more
TL;DR: The described instrumentation and evaluation of the pendulum test provide an effectiveSpasticity testing in the clinical environment and the correlation coefficients are calculated to determine the parameters relevant for the estimation of spasticity.
229
Modulation of spasticity: prolonged suppression of a spinal reflex by electrical stimulation.
TL;DR: Results suggest that subcutaneous nerve stimulation may also be a tool in the management of spasticity and the mechanism mediating the effect must be centrifugal inhibition.
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Electrode placements for transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation.
TL;DR: Alternative methods are presented that can be used when more commonly used methods fail to obtain satisfactory results in transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation.
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