What is the definition of a connectivity-maintaining protocol?

Reference [Chen et al. 2002] presents a connectivity-maintaining protocol, SPAN, which can turn off unnecessary nodes such that all active nodes are connected through a communication backbone and all inactive nodes are directly connected to at least one active node.

What is the effect of adjusting the coverage and connectivity of the network?

If the coverage or connectivity level exceeds their expectation, the authors can make adjustment using the proposed coverage and connectivity selection protocols to prolong the network lifetime without reducing the sensing and communicating capabilities of the network.

What is the proof of Theorem 4 and Theorem 5?

To summarize, Theorem 4 and Theorem 5 only guarantee that the network can be sufficiently covered by each connected component, while Theorem 2 and Theorem 3 can guarantee both coverage and connectivity of the whole network.

What is the difference between sx and sj?

In addition, either sx must cover sj , or sx’s perimeter must intersect L at a point, namely q, which is closer to s j than p is.

Open AccessJournal Article10.1145/1210669.1210674

Distributed protocols for ensuring both coverage and connectivity of a wireless sensor network

Q: What are the contributions mentioned in the paper "Distributed protocols for ensuring both coverage and connectivity of a wireless sensor network" ?

This issue has been studied in [ Wang et al. In this paper, without relying on this strong assumption, the authors investigate the issue from a different angle and develop several necessary and sufficient conditions for ensuring coverage and connectivity of a sensor network. This work is also a significant extension of their earlier work [ Huang and Tseng 2003 ; Huang et al. 2004 ], which addresses how to determine the level of coverage of a given sensor network, but does not consider the network connectivity issue. This results in prolonged network lifetime.

Chi-Fu Huang, +2 more

- 01 Mar 2007

- ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks

- Vol. 3, Iss: 1, pp 5

153

TL;DR: This work is the first work allowing an arbitrary relationship between sensing ranges and communication distances of sensor nodes, and develops decentralized solutions for determining, or even adjusting, the levels of coverage and connectivity of a given network.

Abstract: Wireless sensor networks have attracted a lot of attention recently. Such environments may consist of many inexpensive nodes, each capable of collecting, storing, and processing environmental information, and communicating with neighboring nodes through wireless links. For a sensor network to operate successfully, sensors must maintain both sensing coverage and network connectivity. This issue has been studied in wang et al. [2003] and Zhang and Hou [2004a], both of which reach a similar conclusion that coverage can imply connectivity as long as sensors' communication ranges are no less than twice their sensing ranges. In this article, without relying on this strong assumption, we investigate the issue from a different angle and develop several necessary and sufficient conditions for ensuring coverage and connectivity of a sensor network. Hence, the results significantly generalize the results in Wang et al. [2003] and Zhang and Hou [2004a]. This work is also a significant extension of our earlier work [Huang and Tseng 2003; Huang et al. 2004], which addresses how to determine the level of coverage of a given sensor network but does not consider the network connectivity issue. Our work is the first work allowing an arbitrary relationship between sensing ranges and communication distances of sensor nodes. We develop decentralized solutions for determining, or even adjusting, the levels of coverage and connectivity of a given network. Adjusting levels of coverage and connectivity is necessary when sensors are overly deployed, and we approach this problem by putting sensors to sleep mode and tuning their transmission powers. This results in prolonged network lifetime.

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Most frequently asked questions

1. What are the contributions mentioned in the paper "Distributed protocols for ensuring both coverage and connectivity of a wireless sensor network" ?

This issue has been studied in [ Wang et al.. In this paper, without relying on this strong assumption, the authors investigate the issue from a different angle and develop several necessary and sufficient conditions for ensuring coverage and connectivity of a sensor network.. This work is also a significant extension of their earlier work [ Huang and Tseng 2003 ; Huang et al. 2004 ], which addresses how to determine the level of coverage of a given sensor network, but does not consider the network connectivity issue.. This results in prolonged network lifetime.

2. What are the future works mentioned in the paper "Distributed protocols for ensuring both coverage and connectivity of a wireless sensor network" ?

The coverage-connectivity-combined issue still requires further investigation in this direction.

3. What is the basic requirement of works targeted at topology control?

Maintaining a network connected is also a basic requirement of works targeted at topology control, which is to adjust sensors’ transmission power for energy efficiency and collision avoidance [Burkhart et al.

4. Why is the network partitioned into two components?

Due to relatively small communication ranges compared to sensing ranges, the network is partitioned into two connected components.

Fig. 8. An example of the Sleep Protocol. Sensor sx is a candidate with respect to sensor sy .

Fig. 2. Proof of Lemma 1: (a) the path construction, and (b) possible cases of s x.

Fig. 10. An integrated energy-saving protocol.

Fig. 17. Network lifetime under different coverage and connectivity requirements (Sensing Range = 15 ∼ 25 and Communication Range = 30 ∼ 50).

Fig. 3. Observations of Theorem 2 and Theorem 3: (a) The network is 2-covered and 1- connected. The removal of sensor a will disconnect the network, and (b) The network is 2- covered and 2-connected but no sensor is 2-DPC. Note that the sensing and communication ranges of each sensor are the same and are represented by circles.

Citations

•Journal Article•10.1109/ACCESS.2018.2833632

Coverage and Connectivity in WSNs: A Survey, Research Issues and Challenges

Abhishek Tripathi, +5 more

- 05 Jun 2018

- IEEE Access

TL;DR: This paper surveys the existing work done to address various issues and challenges for solving the coverage and connectivity problems in WSNs and reviews a brief but complete overview of the various solutions of coverage problems in connected W SNs.

...read moreread less

167

•Journal Article•10.1109/TSMCC.2011.2129570

An Ant Colony Optimization Approach for Maximizing the Lifetime of Heterogeneous Wireless Sensor Networks

Ying Lin, +5 more

- 01 May 2012

TL;DR: An ACO-based approach that can maximize the lifetime of heterogeneous WSNs by finding the maximum number of disjoint connected covers that satisfy both sensing coverage and network connectivity is proposed.

...read moreread less

164

Journal Article•10.1109/TC.2009.166

A Study of k-Coverage and Measures of Connectivity in 3D Wireless Sensor Networks

Habib M. Ammari, +1 more

- 01 Feb 2010

- IEEE Transactions on Computers

TL;DR: It is proved that 3D k-covered WSNs can sustain a large number of sensor failures and relax some widely used assumptions in coverage and connectivity in WSNS, such as sensor homogeneity and unit sensing and communication model, so as to promote the practicality of the results in real-world scenarios.

...read moreread less

133

Book Chapter•10.1002/0471755591.CH9

Coverage and Connectivity Issues in Wireless Sensor Networks

Amitabha Ghosh, +1 more

- 01 Jan 2005

TL;DR: A sensor network can be deployed in a remote island for monitoring wildlife habitat and animal behavior, or near the crater of a volcano to measure temperature, pressure, and seismic activities, and in many of these applications the environment can be hostile where human

...read moreread less

129

Journal Article•10.1016/J.COMNET.2017.05.008

Coverage problem with uncertain properties in wireless sensor networks: A survey

Yang Wang, +4 more

- 04 Aug 2017

- Computer Networks

TL;DR: A general research framework to solve non-deterministic coverage problems, denoted as coverage problems with uncertain properties, is sketched and several solution strategies for these problems are illustrated, such as deployment, scheduling or selection, and movement or adjustment.

...read moreread less

107

References

Proceedings Article•10.1109/HICSS.2000.926982

Energy-efficient communication protocol for wireless microsensor networks

Wendi Rabiner Heinzelman, +2 more

- 04 Jan 2000

TL;DR: The Low-Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (LEACH) as mentioned in this paper is a clustering-based protocol that utilizes randomized rotation of local cluster based station (cluster-heads) to evenly distribute the energy load among the sensors in the network.

...read moreread less

15.3K

Proceedings Article•10.1109/INFCOM.2000.832252

RADAR: an in-building RF-based user location and tracking system

Paramvir Bahl, +1 more

- 26 Mar 2000

TL;DR: RADAR is presented, a radio-frequency (RF)-based system for locating and tracking users inside buildings that combines empirical measurements with signal propagation modeling to determine user location and thereby enable location-aware services and applications.

...read moreread less

9.5K

•Journal Article

An Energy-Efficient MAC Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks

Wei Ye, +2 more

- 10 Jun 2009

- Wireless Sensor Network

TL;DR: S-MAC as discussed by the authors is a medium access control protocol designed for wireless sensor networks, which uses three novel techniques to reduce energy consumption and support self-configuration, including virtual clusters to auto-sync on sleep schedules.

...read moreread less

5.5K

Proceedings Article•10.1109/INFCOM.2002.1019408

An energy-efficient MAC protocol for wireless sensor networks

Wei Ye, +2 more

- 07 Nov 2002

TL;DR: S-MAC uses three novel techniques to reduce energy consumption and support self-configuration, and applies message passing to reduce contention latency for sensor-network applications that require store-and-forward processing as data move through the network.

...read moreread less

5.4K

Journal Article•10.1145/332833.332838

Wireless integrated network sensors

Gregory J. Pottie, +1 more

- 01 May 2000

- Communications of The ACM

TL;DR: The WINS network represents a new monitoring and control capability for applications in such industries as transportation, manufacturing, health care, environmental oversight, and safety and security, and opportunities depend on development of a scalable, low-cost, sensor-network architecture.

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Distributed protocols for ensuring both coverage and connectivity of a wireless sensor network

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AI Agents for this Paper

Most frequently asked questions

1. What are the contributions mentioned in the paper "Distributed protocols for ensuring both coverage and connectivity of a wireless sensor network" ?

2. What are the future works mentioned in the paper "Distributed protocols for ensuring both coverage and connectivity of a wireless sensor network" ?

3. What is the basic requirement of works targeted at topology control?

4. Why is the network partitioned into two components?

5. What is the definition of a connectivity-maintaining protocol?

6. What is the effect of adjusting the coverage and connectivity of the network?

7. What is the proof of Theorem 4 and Theorem 5?

8. What is the difference between sx and sj?

Figures

Citations

Coverage and Connectivity in WSNs: A Survey, Research Issues and Challenges

An Ant Colony Optimization Approach for Maximizing the Lifetime of Heterogeneous Wireless Sensor Networks

A Study of k-Coverage and Measures of Connectivity in 3D Wireless Sensor Networks

Coverage and Connectivity Issues in Wireless Sensor Networks

Coverage problem with uncertain properties in wireless sensor networks: A survey

References

Energy-efficient communication protocol for wireless microsensor networks

RADAR: an in-building RF-based user location and tracking system

An Energy-Efficient MAC Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks

An energy-efficient MAC protocol for wireless sensor networks

Wireless integrated network sensors

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