Abstract: In June of 2001, the 500 residents of the Garden Springs manufactured housing community in Athens Clarke-County, Georgia were notified that the land their homes sat on had been sold for the purpose of developing a luxury apartment complex geared towards students at the University of Georgia. The result of this change in land use was the displacement of 101 families and the dispersion of a racially diverse working-class community, many of whom were Latino/a immigrants. Utilizing a case-study examination of Garden Springs and the community that replaced it— The Lodge of Athens , this paper attempts to more fully conceptualize the contingent role of university students within the politics of urban (re)development by offering insights into how the location and type of student housing has impacted and intersected with local political struggles over land use. This study informs emerging debates about student geographies and the phenomenon of studentification. Abstract: En junio de 2001, los 500 habitantes de la comunidad manufacturera Garden Springs en el Condado de Athens Clarke, Georgia fueron notificados de que el terreno en donde se ubicaban sus casas se habian vendido con el proposito de desarrollar un complejo de apartamentos de lujo dirigido a estudiantes de la Universidad de Georgia. El resultado de este cambio en el uso del suelo fue el desplazamiento de 101 familias y la dispersion de una comunidad de clase trabajadora racialmente diversa, muchos de los cuales eran inmigrantes latinos/as. Utilizando un analisis de estudio de caso de Garden Springs y de la comunidad que le sustituyo ( The Lodge of Athens ), este trabajo intenta conceptualizar mejor el papel contingente de estudiantes universitarios dentro de las politicas urbanas de desarrollo y renovacion, ofreciendo una vision de como la ubicacion y el tipo de alojamiento para estudiantes ha impactado y se ha cruzado con las luchas politicas locales sobre el uso del suelo. Este estudio complementa los nuevos debates sobre las geografias de los estudiantes y el fenomeno de la studentification.

Abstract: Contentious debates over whether it is appropriate to display the Confederate battle flag in public spaces have been waged across the American South since the late 1980s, with attitudes in these debates largely divided along racial lines. The most vitriolic debates occurred in the four states sanctioning the most prominent displays of the battle emblem: Alabama and South Carolina (where the flag flew over their state capitols), and Georgia and Mississippi (where the battle emblem was incorporated into their state flags). Although there were calls in all four states to address the legitimacy of the battle flag’s public display via public referenda, only in Mississippi has a statewide public vote been held. The Mississippi state flag has incorporated the battle emblem in its design since 1894. In April 2001, the state held a public referendum on whether to replace the 1894 flag with a new flag designed by a commission. The proposed new flag deleted the battle emblem and replaced it with a circle of twenty stars, but was rejected by an overwhelming majority of the state’s voters. In this paper, we examine the geography of the referendum vote through two different conceptions of electoral politics which aid in explaining the spatial patterns of the votes in Mississippi’s flag referendum: the electoral cleavage model and the traditionalist-modernizer model. Through cartographic and statistical analyses, we conclude that both models provide valuable insight into the vote and attitudes towards the Mississippi flag debate. Abstract: Intensos debates sobre si es apropiado mostrar la bandera confederada en espacios publicos se han librado a traves del sur estadounidense desde finales de 1980, y las actitudes de estos debates estan divididas a lo largo de lineas raciales. Los debates mas candentes se produjeron en los cuatro estados que sancionaron las manifestaciones mas destacadas del emblema de batalla: Alabama y Carolina del Sur (donde la bandera ondeaba sobre sus capitolios estatales), y Georgia y Mississippi (donde el emblema de batalla se incorporo a las banderas de los estados). Aunque hubo llamados en los cuatro estados para hacer frente a la legitimidad de la exhibicion publica de la band-era de batalla a traves de referendums publicos, solo Mississippi ha tenido una votacion publica aproposito. La bandera del estado de Mississippi ha incorporado el emblema de batalla en su diseno desde 1894. En abril de 2001, el estado llevo a cabo una consulta publica sobre la posibilidad de sustituir la bandera de 1894 con una nueva bandera disenada por una comision. La propuesta nueva bandera elimino el emblema de batalla y lo remplazo con un circulo de veinte estrellas, pero fue rechazada por una abrumadora mayoria de los votantes del estado. En este trabajo se analiza la geografia de la votacion del refer-endo a traves de dos diferentes concepciones de la politica electoral, las cuales ayudan en la explicacion de los patrones espaciales de los votos en el referendum de la bandera de Mississippi: el modelo de division electoral y el modelo tradicionalista-modernizador. A traves de analisis cartografico y estadistico, se concluye que ambos modelos proporcionan informacion valiosa sobre el voto y las actitudes hacia el debate de la band-era de Mississippi.

Abstract: The South has recently become a major economic hub and population magnet in the United States This study examines if the Black Belt, a historically declining region within the South, has experienced a similar renaissance The study also examines how local factors differentially influence migrants from the Black Belt and migrants from outside the South The study identifies primary hot spots for Black Belt and non-Black Belt migrants The data come from yearly internal migration files from 1996 to 2007 compiled by the Internal Revenue Service and the US Census Bureau The data show that both the Black Belt and the rest of the South experienced a net in-flow of migrants from other US regions However, the Black Belt had a net population loss to more prosperous areas within the South The data also show that the Southern hot spots for migrants from the Black Belt are different than those for non-Black Belt migrants The findings support a singular conclusion: the population growth of the New South is brought about largely because of changes in migration flows of Black Belt migrants Abstract: Recientemente el Sur se ha convertido en un importante centro economico y en un iman de poblacion en los Estados Unidos Este estudio examina si el Cinturon Negro, una region historicamente en depresion en el Sur, ha experimentado un renacimiento similar El estudio tambien examina como los factores locales influyen en forma diferencial migrantes del Cinturon Negro e inmigrantes de fuera de la del Sur El estudio identifica principales puntos clave para el Cinturon Negro y migrantes que no son del Negro Cinturon Los datos provienen de los archivos de migracion interna anuales desde 1996 hasta 2007 compilados por el Servicio de Impuestos Internos y la Oficina del Censo de EEUU Los datos muestran que tanto el Cinturon Negro como el resto del Sur experimentaron un flujo neto de inmigrantes de otras regiones de EEUU Sin embargo, el Cinturon Negro tuvo una perdida neta de poblacion hacia otras regiones mas prosperas en el Sur Los datos tambien muestran que los puntos claves del Sur para los migrantes provenientes del Cinturon Negro son diferentes a los de los de los migrantes que no provienen del Cinturon Negro Los hallazgos apoyan una conclusion: el crecimiento de la poblacion del Nuevo Sur es provocada en gran medida debido a los cambios en los flujos migratorios de los migrantes del Cinturon Negro

Abstract: The US coastal Northeast and mid-Atlantic region is a densely populated urban corridor that is susceptible to a variety of natural hazards, including hurricanes, nor’easters, and flooding. Climate change impacts, such as rising sea levels, further exacerbate the vulnerability of this region. Given the region’s exposure to natural hazards and its importance as a population core, it is imperative to assess the vulnerability of the population that resides here. This paper examines the human vulnerability of 184 counties based on demographic, social and economic factors. Data from the American Community Survey (2005 to 2009) is used for analysis. Results indicate that 7 of the 15 most vulnerable counties have population sizes of more than half a million each. Most counties at the bottom end of vulnerability spectrum have low populations. The most vulnerable counties are located along the Atlantic coast. Economic and social conditions correlate more highly with vulnerability than does demographics. Abstract: La costa noreste y la region del atlantico medio de los EE.UU. es un corredor urbano densamente poblado susceptible a una variedad de amenazas naturales, incluyendo huracanes, tormentas de inviernos (nor’easters), e inundaciones. Los impactos del cambio climatico, tales como el incremento en el nivel del mar, agravan aun mas la vulnerabilidad de esta region. Teniendo en cuenta la exposicion de la region a estas amenazas naturales y su importancia como nucleo poblacional, es imprescindible evaluar la vulnerabilidad de la poblacion que ahi reside. Este articulo examina la vulnerabilidad humana de 184 condados, basados en factores demograficos, sociales y economicos. Datos del “American Community Survey” (2005–2009) se utilizan para el analisis. Los resultados indican que 7 de los 15 condados mas vulnerables tienen un tamano de poblacion de mas de medio millon cada uno. La mayoria de los condados en el extremo inferior del espectro de vulnerabilidad tienen bajas concentraciones demograficas. Los condados mas vulnerables se encuentran a lo largo de la costa atlantica. Las condiciones economicas y sociales se correlacionan mas estrechamente con la vulnerabilidad que lo que demuestra la demografia.

Abstract: In recent years geographers have become increasingly interested in the idea of racialized landscapes. In the American South, this adds a new layer to some already heavily labeled places of racial identity and conflict. Although swimming pools are generally viewed by mainstream society as sites of recreation and socialization, this article conceptualizes them as racialized places on the landscape. Here, a group of swimming pools is studied over a period of time to analyze not just its history, but also its place within the social construct of race and racial politics in the United States. Through an analysis of Mississippi’s public pools from 1900 to 2010, this article shows how racial identity and social change affected public pools and came to play a determining role in whether they declined or survived over time. This study contributes to current research on race and landscape by broadening the discussion to include public recreation spaces. Abstract: En anos recientes, los geografos han estado cada vez mas interesados en la idea de los paisajes racializados. En el Sur de los Estados Unidos, esto le anade una nueva capa a algunos ya altamente calificados lugares de conflicto de identidad racial. Aunque las piscinas son generalmente vistas por la sociedad como sitios de recreo y socializacion, este articulo las conceptualiza como lugares racializados en el paisaje. Aqui, un grupo de piscinas se estudia a traves de un periodo de tiempo para analizar no solamente su historia, sino que tambien su lugar dentro de la construccion social de la raza y las politicas raciales en los Estados Unidos. A traves de un analisis de las piscinas publicas de Mississippi, este articulo demuestra como la identidad racial y el cambio social afectaron las piscinas publicas y vinieron a jugar un papel determinante en si estas disminuyeron o sobrevivieron a traves del tiempo. Este estudio contribuye a la investigacion actual sobre raza y el paisaje al ampliar la discusion para incluir los espacios publicos de recreacion.

Abstract: Deer-vehicle collisions (DVCs) have a negative impact on the economy, traffic safety, and the general well-being of otherwise healthy deer. To mitigate DVCs, it is imperative to gain a better understanding of factors that play a role in their spatial distribution. Much of the existing research on DVCs in the United States has been inconclusive, pointing to a variety of causal factors that seem more specific to study site and region than indicative of broad patterns. Little DVC research has been conducted in the southern United States, making the region particularly important with regard to this issue. In this study, we evaluate landscape factors that contributed to the distribution of 347 DVCs that occurred in Forrest and Lamar Counties of south Mississippi, from 2006 to 2009. Using nearest-neighbor and discriminant analysis, we demonstrate that DVCs in south Mississippi are not random spatial phenomena. We also develop a classification model that identified seven landscape metrics, explained 100 percent of the variance, and could distinguish DVCs from control sites with an accuracy of 81.3 percent.

Abstract: Human activities in the past century have caused a variety of environmental problems in the Greater Everglades of South Florida. In 2000, Congress authorized the Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan (CERP), a $10.5-billion mission to restore the South Florida ecosystem. Many environmental projects in CERP need effective salinity monitoring in Florida Bay to provide a measure of the progress and effects of restoration on the ecosystem of the Everglades. Salinity modeling is also important given contemporary impacts and future projections of sea level rise. This study examined the potential for the Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) sensor to serve as a regular salinity monitoring tool for Florida Bay. Spatially and temporally matched field data and TM imagery collected during Water Years 2004–2006 were employed to establish algorithms that quantitatively and qualitatively assess salinity in the northeastern area of the bay. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) defines Water Year as the 12-month period from October 1 of one year to September 30 of the following year, and designates it by the calendar year in which it ends. The empirical algorithms for quantitative assessment of salinity generated a reasonable level of accuracy and a neural network based technique for qualitative assessment presented a promising result. We conclude that Landsat TM can be used as a monitoring tool to assess salinity with desirable spatial and temporal resolution and accuracy. Extendibility of algorithms for the entire Florida Bay will be tested in the future. Abstract: Las actividades humanas en el siglo pasado han causado una gran variedad de problemas ambientales en los Everglades del sur de la Florida. En el 2002, el Congreso autorizo el Plan Comprensivo de Restauracion de los Everglades (CERP, por sus siglas en ingles), una mision de $10.5 millones de dolares para restaurar el ecosistema del sur de Florida. Muchos proyectos ambientales en los CERP requieren un seguimiento eficaz de la salinidad en la Bahia de Florida para proporcionar una medicion del progreso y efectos de la restauracion en el ecosistema de los Everglades. Modelos de salinidad son tambien importantes teniendo en consideracion los impactos actuales y proyecciones futuras sobre el incremento del nivel del mar. Este estudio examino el potencial del sensor Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) para servir como un una herramienta de monitoreo regular de salinidad para la Bahia de Florida. Una combinacion de datos de campo espaciales y temporales, e imagenes TM recolectadas durante “Water Years” 2004–2006 fueron empleados para establecer algoritmos que evaluaran cuantitativa y cualitativamente la salinidad en la zona noreste de la bahia. El Servicio Geologico de los EE.UU. (USGS) define “Water Year” como el periodo de 12 meses desde el 1 de octubre de un ano hasta el 30 de septiembre del siguiente ano, y se designa por el calendario anual en el que termina. Los algoritmos empiricos para la evaluacion cuantitativa de salinidad generaron un nivel razonable de precision, y una tecnica neutral de redes bases para la evaluacion cualitativa presento resultados prometedores. Concluimos que la TM Landsar puede ser utilizada como herramienta de monitoreo para evaluar salinidad con resolucion y precision espacial y temporal deseable. La extension de los algoritmos para toda la Bahia de Florida sera probada en el futuro.

Abstract: Urban scholars have examined the impact of state laws on annexation activity for more than 50 years. These efforts have resulted in a better understanding of inter-state differences in annexation activity. Little thought, however, has been given to intra-state variation in method of annexation utilized by municipalities even though the method of annexation available by state can differ dramatically. This paper seeks to explore those intra-state differences though an examination of North Carolina’s municipal annexation activity between 1990 and 2009. North Carolina’s four methods of annexation are analyzed in an effort to better understand the complexities of annexation activity. The results of this study reveal that both types of voluntary annexation (e.g., voluntary contiguous and voluntary non-contiguous) are the most prevalent forms of annexation in North Carolina (accounting for 89.5 percent of all annexation activity) but that regional and municipal preferences exist, highlighting the need for additionally scholarly research endeavors.

Abstract: In my teaching, I like to use local examples when possible to illustrate theories and concepts. In this essay, I highlight a case study from Norfolk, Virginia, where I live and teach, which we use in class to help understand the concepts of memory, heritage and landscape. This case concerns two of the city’s adjacent 19th century cemeteries, the Elm-wood and West Point cemeteries. One of the cemeteries is historically white and contains a recently-added white Confederate soldier statue. The other cemetery is historically African American and contains what is believed to be the region’s only statue of a black Union soldier. Through a discussion of these two local statues and cemeteries, we explore how race and power are ‘naturalized’ in the presentation of the region’s history, and investigate the role that memory and heritage play in constructing and contesting issues of race and power on the landscape. Abstract: En mis clases me gusta utilizar ejemplos locales, cuando es posible, para ilustrar las teorias y conceptos. En este ensayo, destaco un estudio de caso de Norfolk, Virginia, donde vivo y doy clases, el cual usamos en clase para ayudar a entender los conceptos de memoria, herencia y paisaje. Este caso se refiere a dos de los cementerios del siglo 19 adyacentes a la ciudad, los cementerios Elmwood y West Point. Uno de los cementerios es historicamente blanco y contiene una estatua recientemente construida de un soldado blanco confederado. El otro cementerio es historicamente afroamericano y contiene lo que se considera como la unica estatua de la region de un soldado negro de la Union. A traves de un analisis de estas dos estatuas y cementerios, se explora como la raza y el poder son “naturalizados” en la presentacion de la historia de la region, e investigamos el papel que la memoria y la herencia juegan en la construccion y la impugnacion de asuntos de raza y poder sobre el paisaje.

Abstract: This paper focuses on a peculiar event that oc- curred in Biscayne Bay in January 2011, when a grand piano appeared on a sandbar 200 yards (183 m) east of Miami Shores, Florida. After sev- eral days, a teen-aged art college applicant re- vealed to the press that he had placed the piano there as a piece of art. News coverage of the event shows that the mysterious placement of the piano on the sandbar was not universally appreciated, but was viewed as a highly controversial and pro- vocative act relating to cultural discourses of na- ture and art, authority, public space, and trans- gression. The event provides an example of the ways in which the media designate events as note- worthy and influence the representation of places and people's relationships to them. Drawing upon the long-established links between art and geog- raphy, this paper discusses the piano bar in terms of the potential for intersections of modern art and geography to alter ordinary perceptions and experiences of everyday places.

Abstract: The Gulf of Mexico red snapper fishery began management under an individual fishing quota (IFQ) system in January 2007. The expectation is that direct ownership stakes by fishers would bring greater involvement on behalf of the boat owners and fishers and more responsible and sustainable fishing practices for a depressed fish population. Online and phone surveys of fishers involved in the Florida red snapper fishery were performed to gauge their responses to this change in management policy. In addition, red snapper prices were evaluated before and after the IFQ system. Contrary to opinions published by IFQ supporters, our survey found that most fishers disapproved of the IFQ design process overall and generally distrusted fishery management. Although the suggestion by many of the survey respondents to restrict ownership of IFQ shares strictly to active working fishers may seem extreme, such regulation may be appropriate. In addition, the available ex-vessel price data for red snapper indicate a 10 percent increase in the price that fishers receive for their catch. Abstract: La pesca de huachinango (pargo rojo) del Golfo de Mexico comenzo operaciones bajo un sistema individual de cuota pesquera (IFQ) en enero de 2007. La expectativa es que la participacion directa en la propiedad por parte de los pescadores llevaria mayor participacion por parte de los duenos de barcos y de los pescadores, asi como practicas de pesca mas responsables y sostenibles concernientes a una poblacion de peces deprimida. Encuestas en linea y por telefono a pescadores involucrados en la pesca del huachinango de Florida se realizaron para medir sus respuestas a este cambio en la politica de manejo. Ademas, los precios del huachinango se evaluaron antes y despues del sistema IFQ. Contrario a opiniones publicadas por los partidarios del IFQ, nuestra encuesta descubrio que la mayoria de los pescadores desaprobaron el proceso de diseno del IFQ y generalmente desconfiaron de su manejo pesquero. Aunque la sugerencia de muchos de los participantes de la encuesta para restringir la propiedad de las cuotas del IFQ a solamente los pescadores activos puede ser vista como extrema, tal regulacion puede ser apropiada. Ademas, los datos disponibles sobre los precios del muelle para el huachinango indican un aumento de diez por ciento en el precio que los pescadores reciben por sus pescas.

Abstract: This paper contributes to research on the geography of climate change by examining temporal and spatial changes in precipitation in the state of West Virginia during the period from 1931 to 2000. We examine the magnitude and seasonality of precipitation changes; spatial variation of changes within the state; and processes, including urbanization, reforestation, and tropical cyclones, that could explain the observed spatial patterns. National Climatic Data Center (NCDC) climate division normals from 1931 to 2000 reveal more precipitation for all but a single climate division in the state. The greatest increases occur in the south and east of the state during the fall season. We posit that any precipitation changes that might occur due population growth and urbanization are minimal. We find that spatial patterns of reforestation do not match spatial variation in precipitation change. We show that spatial patterns of increased precipitation from tropical cyclones during the fall season account for a significant amount of the observed spatial patterns of precipitation change. Abstract: Este articulo contribuye a la investigacion en la geografia del cambio climatico al examinar los cambios temporales y espaciales en la precipitacion en el estado de Virginia Occidental durante el periodo desde 1931 a 2000. Examinamos la magnitud y la frecuencia de los cambios en precipitacion; la variacion espacial de los cambios dentro del estado; y procesos, incluyendo urbanizacion, reforestacion y ciclones tropicales, que pueden explicar los patrones espaciales observados. Las normas de la division climatica del National Climatic Data Center (NCDC) desde 1931 a 2000 revelan mas precipitacion en todas las divisiones con la excepcion de una en el estado. Los mayores aumentos ocurren en el sur y el este del estado durante de la epoca del otono. Proponemos que cualquier cambio en precipitacion que podria ocurrir debido al aumento de la poblacion y la urbanizacion es minimo. Descubrimos que los patrones espaciales de reforestacion no son equiparables a la variacion espacial del cambio de precipitacion. Demostramos que los patrones espaciales en el aumento de precipitacion debido a ciclones tropicales durante la epoca de otono representan una cantidad significativa de los patrones espaciales observados del cambio en precipitacion.

Abstract: The two learning activities I present here were developed for upper division classes and graduate seminars in cultural geography and landscape history. The first asks students to consider situations in which inscriptions on monuments and historical memorials should be edited or changed. I ask students to focus on one example and consider in a paper, poster, or classroom presentation how they would recommend editing a misleading or incorrect inscription. The second focuses on race and automobility in twentieth century America by asking students to prepare a Google Maps mashup of listings in The Negro Motorist Green Book (Green 1949), a travel guide for African American travelers in the Jim Crow era. The activity helps students visualize the constricted travel options available to African Americans during the so-called golden age of the American family vacation. Abstract: Las dos actividades de aprendizaje que se presentan aqui fueron desarrolladas para clases de nivel avanzado y seminarios de postgrado en geografia cultural e historia del paisaje. La primera actividad cuestiona a los estudiantes para considerar situaciones en las que las inscripciones en monumentos y memoriales historicos deberian ser editadas o cambiadas. Les pido a los estudiantes que se enfoquen en un ejemplo y que consideren en un articulo, poster o presentacion en clase como recomendarian editar una inscripcion erronea o incor-recta. La segunda actividad se enfoca en la raza y la automovilidad en los Estados Unidos del siglo XX, pidiendo a los alumnos preparar un pareo en Google Maps de los anuncios en el The Negro Motorist Green Book (Green 1949), una guia de viajes para los viajeros afroamericanos en la era de Jim Crow. La actividad ayuda a los estudiantes a visualizar las opciones restringidas de viaje disponibles para los afroamericanos durante la llamada edad de oro de las vacaciones de la familia estadounidense.

Abstract: southern portion of Carolina to ''The Trust- ees for Establishing the Colony of Georgia in America.'' A leading figure among that group, James Edward Oglethorpe, was the colony's chief designer and founder. He traveled to America with the first colonists and laid out the town of Savannah in 1733. Integral to Oglethorpe's Savannah plan was a gridiron street pattern punctuated by a series of open city squares. This plan is now an icon of New World urban planning thanks to the frequent reproduction and publication of the 1734 engraving entitled, ''A View of Savannah as it Stood the 29 th of March, 1734''. There can be no doubt that James Edward Oglethorpe was a utopian who expressed his ideals in the survey, layout, construction and functioning of Sa- vannah and the greater region surround- ing the city. He was certain his built en- vironment would make it possible for England's poor but worthy to start afresh and forge productive lives in the absence of strong drink and slavery, the bane of Caro- lina. In so doing, Georgians would form an imperial bulwark against the Spanish in Florida and the Indians and French of the interior. In this essay we will enquire into both Oglethorpe's utopian and practical in- spirations for Savannah's spatial design. Savannah's historic city squares will be shown to be a significant and enduring part of that plan. A brief summary of the ap- preciation of Savannah's squares will con- clude the essay.

Abstract: In the wake of significant changes in the U.S. tobacco market, state and regional agricultural economic development agencies have promoted production for local markets as a post-tobacco alternative. Through an analysis of direct sales data from the U.S. Census of Agriculture, this study evaluates whether local food systems initiatives in formerly tobacco-dependent counties in three states (Maryland, Kentucky, and North Carolina) have strengthened relationships between producers and consumers over the decade 1997 and 2007. Results suggest that local food, direct-marketing initiatives have been most successful in Southern Maryland, though have yet to replace revenues lost due to the end of tobacco production. In central Kentucky and central North Carolina, direct sales have been only a small part in tobacco-transition recoveries which can be largely attributed to a switch to livestock production. Abstract: A raiz de cambios significativos en el mercado tabacalero estadounidense, las agencias estatales y regionales para el desarrollo economico agricola promovieron la produccion para los mercados locales como una alternativa pos-tabaco. A traves de un analisis de los datos de las ventas directas del Censo de Agricultura de los EE. UU., este estudio evalua si las iniciativas locales de los sistemas de alimentos en condados anteriormente dependiente de tabaco en tres estados (Maryland, Kentucky y Carolina del Norte) han fortalecido los vinculos entre los productores y los consumidores durante la decada entre 1997 y 2007. Los resultados sugieren que los alimentos locales, iniciativas directas de mercado han sido las mas exitosas en el sur de Maryland, aunque todavia no reemplazan los ingresos perdidos debido a la merma de la produccion de tabaco. En el centro de Kentucky y de Carolina del Norte, las ventas directas han sido solamente una pequena parte en la recuperacion asociada con la transicion de tabaco que pueden ser principalmente atribuidos al cambio a la produccion ganadera.

Abstract: New approaches to cultural landscape have encouraged a widened range of encounters with the relationship between memory and landscape. At the same time, changing pedagogical approaches moving from an instructional to a learner-centered paradigm have emphasized hands-on, authentic assessment and inquiry-led, project-based learning. In this paper we reflect on two exercises that we have developed in our very different settings to respond to these trends in landscape and learning. In one case, students in a first-year seminar created, shared, analyzed and reflected on childhood landscape maps, engaging multisensory registers of memory and adopting a particularly agential perspective on the exercise and the making of memory. In the second case, an upper-level seminar explored disciplinary traditions and techniques in the context of a hands-on geocaching exercise aimed at everyday memorial making. Together, these exercises suggest the potential for learner-centered pedagogies and a widened range of approaches to memory and landscape to animate our classrooms. Abstract: Nuevos enfoques hacia el paisaje cultural han fomentado una amplia gama de encuentros con la relacion entre la memoria y el paisaje. Al mismo tiempo, el cambio de enfoques pedagogicos desde un paradigma de instruccion a uno centrado en el alumno ha enfatizado un aprendizaje practico, de evaluacion y dirigido a la investigacion, y basado en proyectos. En este articulo reflexionamos sobre dos ejercicios que hemos desarrollado en nuestros marcadamente diferentes entornos para responder a estas tendencias en el paisaje y el aprendizaje. En un caso, estudiantes en un seminario de primer ano, crearon, compartieron, analizaron y reflexionaron sobre mapas de paisajes de la infancia, atendiendo registros de memoria multisensoriales y adoptando una particular perspectiva agencial sobre el ejercicio y la elaboracion de la memoria. En el segundo caso, un seminario de alto nivel exploro las tradiciones disciplinarias y tecnicas en el marco de un ejercicio practico de “geocaching” dirigido a la construccion de la memoria del diario vivir. En conjunto, estos ejercicios sugieren el potencial de las pedagogias centradas en el alumno y de una ampliada gama de enfoques para la memoria y el paisaje para animar nuestras aulas de clase.

Abstract: As a pedagogy, service-learning brings faculty, students, and community organizations together to achieve common goals. For faculty, service-learning creates a more synergetic learning environment and oftentimes reinforces material. Community organizations receive much-needed support and organizational assistance. This teaching method also gives students the opportunity to interact with their community while also reifying critical class concepts and improving comprehension of material. This essay outlines the pedagogical foundation of service-learning and discusses its use in the memory and heritage classroom. It first details a service-learning project coordinated with a local historical memorial group by covering both the objectives and outcomes of the project, including an assessment of how the project was received by both the students and heritage group. Second, it outlines plans for a future application of service-learning in the same course. This paper reinforces those studies that promote service-learning as an active, participatory, student-directed pedagogy that can have profound impacts on faculty, students, and the community alike. Abstract: Como pedagogo, las practicas de aprendizaje con servicio comunitario unen a la facultad, estudiantes, y organizaciones de la comunidad para lograr objetivos comunes. Para los docentes, el aprendizaje-servicio crea un ambiente de aprendizaje mas sinergico, y con frecuencia refuerza el material. Las organizaciones comunitarias reciben un apoyo y asistencia organizacional muy necesaria. Este metodo de ensenanza tambien ofrece a los estudiantes la oportunidad de interactuar con su comunidad, al mismo tiempo que concretizan conceptos criticos de la clase, mejorando la comprension del material. Este ensayo esboza el fundamento pedagogico del aprendizaje-servicio y discute su uso en la memoria y la herencia en el aula. El ensayo inicia detallando un proyecto de aprendizaje-servicio coordinado con un grupo memorial historico local, cubriendo tanto los objetivos y resultados del proyecto, asi como incluyendo una evaluacion de como el proyecto fue recibido por los estudiantes y el grupo memorial. En segundo lugar, el ensayo esboza planes para una futura aplicacion del aprendizaje-servicio en el mismo curso. Este documento refuerza los estudios que promueven el aprendizaje-servicio como una pedagogia activa, participativa, dirigida al estudiante que puede tener un profundo impacto en la facultad, los estudiantes y la comunidad por igual.

Abstract: The cover art for this issue of Southeastern Geographer is a photograph taken in May of 2008 that shows a section of the Kansas City Southern rail line as it leaves downtown Hattiesburg, Mississippi on its way north to Jackson. The photograph seems appropriate as cover art not only because the University of Southern Mississippi is the new editorial home of Southeastern Geographer, but also because Hattiesburg’s history is closely intertwined with its

Abstract: treatment of global cities that follows. These cities include Berlin, Buenos Aires, Manila, Sydney, London, San Francisco and New York. He devotes 20–35 pages to each of these cities. In each chapter readers meet residents who are Byrne’s friends and informants. Readers will learn about the cities’ musicians. I found myself looking up online videos of the many Argentine musicians that Byrne mentions. Byrne also includes accounts of the quirky corners that attract him, whether it’s Ferdinand Marcos’ embalmed body or the Survival Research Laboratory in San Francisco, where he watches its pitching machine hurl wooden two-by-fours through steel. Connecting the anecdotes that emerge from his conversations and visits are his descriptions of these urban landscapes as observed from his bicycle. The chapter on New York is my favorite because much of it is an account of Byrne’s efforts to organize a forum to promote urban cycling, sponsored by The New Yorker. Tasked with recruiting presenters, Byrne identifies political leaders, such as Jaime Lerner and Enrique Peñasco, and urban planners, such as Jan Gehl, who have increased the livability and bikeability of cities around the world. He then lets them describe what methods they utilized to begin transforming their cities. Readers who want to learn about music, art, architecture and urban planning will enjoy Bicycle Diaries. So, will readers who are looking for a model of how to travel and live in urban places. Finally, Byrne’s bicycle advocacy might persuade some readers to test his maxim, ‘‘On a bike, being just slightly above pedestrian and car eye level, one gets a perfect view of the goings-on in one’s own town’’ (p 243– 244).

Abstract: This paper presents a case study of an EF3 tornado that adversely impacted Greene and Pitt Counties in eastern North Carolina on 16 April 2011. This was one of the most damaging and longest-lived of the multiple tornados that occurred across central and eastern North Carolina that day, the most extensive outbreak in North Carolina since 1984. This event occurred during the month (April 2011) with the largest number of tornadoes on record in the United States. The focus of this case study was to examine the relationship between the mesocyclone evolution and the location and intensity of surface damage associated with the EF3 tornado. Results indicated that the initial contraction and spin up of the mesocyclone circulation preceded EF3 damage by about 20 minutes. At the time of mesocyclone intensification, the damage swath and tornado were situated much closer to the mesocyclone center than in the formative and dissipating stages. The weakened mesocyclone passed directly over a meteorological station at East Carolina University’s West Research Campus, providing a rare opportunity for surface measurements associated with a weakening tornadic mesocyclone. Abstract: Este trabajo presenta un estudio de caso de un tornado EF3 que impacto negativamente los condados de Greene y Pitt en el este de Carolina del Norte el 16 de abril de 2011. Este fue uno de los mas daninos y de mas larga duracion de los multiples tornados que se produjeron en el centro y el este de Carolina del Norte ese mismo dia, el brote mas extenso en Carolina del Norte desde 1984. Este evento tuvo lugar durante el mes (abril de 2011) con el mayor numero de tornados en el registro en los Estados Unidos. El objetivo de este estudio fue examinar la relacion entre la evolucion del mesociclon y la ubicacion e intensidad de los danos en la superficie asociados con el tornado EF3. Los resultados indicaron que la contraccion inicial y el giro de la circulacion del mesociclon precedio los danos del EF3 por unos 20 minutos. Al momento de intensificacion del mesociclon, la franja de danos y el tornado se encontraban mucho mas cerca del centro del mesociclon que en las etapas de formacion y disipacion. El mesocicon debilitado paso directamente sobre una estacion meteorologica del West Research Campus de East Carolina University, proporcionando una oportunidad unica para las mediciones de la superficie asociada con un debilitamiento del mesociclon de tornados.

Abstract: Teaching first-year students in a seminar on public memory and place-making, I introduce them to the experience of altering everyday landscapes. Beginning with an appreciation of the symbolisms of cultural myth, we consider the distinction between personal and public memorials, vernacular and civic landscapes, and how these expressions of remembrance have changed over time. The final semester project, incorporating a constructivist learning approach, requires each student to create a memorial of their choosing that does not exist but which they believe should. In addition, students are instructed to be future-oriented when deciding on their memorials, arguing that a memorial that is soon forgotten loses the potency of its designer’s creative intention and impact. Several examples from the 2010 seminar are provided. Abstract: Al ensenar a estudiantes de primer ano en un seminario sobre memoria publica y construccion de lugar, les proveo la experiencia de alterar paisajes cotidianos. Partiendo de una apreciacion de los simbolismos de los mitos culturales, consideramos la distincion entre memorias personales y publicas, paisajes vernaculares y civicos, y como estas expresiones de remembranza han cambiado con el tiempo. El proyecto final del semestre, incorporando un enfoque constructivista de aprendizaje, requiere que cada estudiante cree un memorial de su eleccion que no exista, pero que a su juicio deberia. Ademas, los estudiantes son instruidos para que tengan una vision a futuro al momento de decidir sobre sus memoriales, argu-mentando que un memorial que se olvida pierde el potencial de la intencion creativa de su disenador y su impacto. Se proporcionan varios ejemplos del seminario dictado en 2010.

Abstract: This photograph was taken on September 24, 2011 at the Mississippi Pecan Festival during the festival's mule pull competi- tion. The Mississippi Mule Puller's Associa- tion hosts the annual competition at the Pecan Festival, which is currently in its 25 th year in Richton, Mississippi. It fea- tures around twenty teams of mules from across the state. The rules of the event are simple: heavy weights are loaded onto a sled, and as soon as the team of mules is attached to the sled and commanded by their teamster to pull, they have three tries to pull the weight a certain distance. The team that can pull the most weight within