TL;DR: The use of an intense collimated beam of protons produced by a high-intensity laser pulse interacting with a plasma for the proton treatment of oncological diseases is discussed and the generation of high quality proton beams is proved with particle in cell simulations.

TL;DR: The exponential growth of memory size and clock frequency in computers has a great impact on everyday life as discussed by the authors, and the growth is empirically described by Moore's law of miniaturization.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors use the extension of the method of recurrence plots to cross-recurrence plots (CRP) which enables a nonlinear analysis of bivariate data.

TL;DR: Based on an extended tanh-function method, a general method is suggested to obtain multiple travelling wave solutions for nonlinear partial differential equations (PDEs) in this article, where the validity and reliability of the method is tested by its application to some nonlinear PDEs.

TL;DR: In this article, the Jacobi elliptic function method with symbolic computation is extended to special-type nonlinear equations for constructing their doubly periodic wave solutions, such as the coupled Schrodinger-KdV equation.

TL;DR: In this paper, the complex dynamical behavior of delayed neural networks with two neurons with the help of computer simulations was investigated and it was shown that such networks may exhibit chaotic dynamics undergoing a period-doubling bifurcation process.

TL;DR: In this paper, a class of explicit exact solutions to the Korteweg-de Vries equation through its bilinear form is presented, which possess singularities of combinations of trigonometric function waves and exponential function waves of new type.

TL;DR: In this paper, a lattice version of the Krichever-Novikov equation was constructed and its Lax pair and its elliptic form was discussed in detail.

TL;DR: A scheme of secure communication based on the synchronization of the unified chaotic system is presented in this article, where sufficient theorems for the synchronisation of the chaotic system are deduced, and numerical simulation shows its feasibility.

TL;DR: In this paper, the sn-and cn-function methods for finding nonsingular periodic-wave solutions to nonlinear evolution equations are described in a form suitable for automation, where sn and cn are the elliptic Jacobi snoidal andcnoidal functions, respectively.

TL;DR: In this paper, the first analytical investigation of lag chaos synchronization between two unidirectionally coupled identical time-delayed systems is presented, where the delay time in the coupling is generally different from the delay in the coupled systems.

TL;DR: In this paper, the energy density associated with an electromagnetic wave passing through a medium, in which both the permittivity and the permeability are dispersive and absorptive, is derived.

TL;DR: Hardy's paradox is revisited in this article, where it is argued that counterfactual paradoxes point to a deeper structure inherent to quantum mechanics, and that when they are actually performed, they yield strange and surprising outcomes.

TL;DR: In this article, a model describing dynamics of bidirectional associative memory (BAM) neural networks with distributed delays is considered, and sufficient criteria of global asymptotic stability and uniform stability of an equilibrium point are given.

TL;DR: In this paper, a novel adaptive control method is proposed for a class of chaotic systems dependent linearly on unknown parameters based upon adaptive control, which can identify and synchronize chaotic systems simultaneously.

TL;DR: In this paper, the utility of positive Liapunov exponent for online, nonstationary, noisy systems is evaluated using a recurrence-based algorithm, and data from experimental reactions are presented for exponent use in this context.

TL;DR: In this paper, it was shown that in one-dimensional isotropic Heisenberg model two-qubit thermal entanglement and maximal violation of Bell inequalities are directly related with a thermodynamic state function, i.e., the internal energy.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors demonstrate that two coupled chaotic systems can be phase and anti-phase synchronized using active control theory, and apply it to Lorenz, Rossler, and Chen systems.

TL;DR: In this paper, a generalized quantum teleportation protocol for an unknown qubit using non-maximally entangled state as a shared resource was proposed. But without recourse to local filtering or entanglement concentration, the protocol cannot teleport the state with unit fidelity and unit probability.

TL;DR: In this article, the mean field solution of the Ising model on a Barabasi-Albert scale-free network with ferromagnetic coupling between linked spins is presented and the critical temperature T c for the Ferromagnetic to paramagnetic phase transition (Curie temperature) is infinite and the effective critical temperature for a finite size system increases as the logarithm of the system size.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigate the quantization of games in which the players can access to a continuous set of classical strategies, making use of continuous-variable quantum systems, and find that, even though the two players both act as "selfish" in the quantum game as they do in the classical game, they are found to virtually cooperate due to the quantum entanglement between them.

TL;DR: In this article, the photocount statistics (PCS) of artificial visible light turns out to follow super-Poissonian PCS, which is the first time evidence of non-classical (squeezed) light in living tissues.

TL;DR: Compared to other recurrent neural networks, the proposed dual network with fewer neurons can solve quadratic programming problems subject to equality, inequality, and bound constraints and is shown to be globally exponentially convergent to optimal solutions of quadratics programming problems.

TL;DR: In this paper, the existence, uniqueness and global exponential stability of the equilibrium point and periodic solutions of delayed recurrent neural networks with delays are analyzed. And sufficient conditions for the existence and uniqueness of these networks are derived.

TL;DR: Based on the homogeneous balance (HB) method, the authors studied the Backlund transformation and similarity reductions of general variable coefficient KdV equation and found that the corresponding results are coincide with those by Weiss-Tabor-Carnevale (WTC) method and Clarkson-Kruskal (CK) method.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present the analysis of parametric oscillatory instability in signal recycled LIGO interferometer and show that the potential for parametric instability is relatively small due to the small bandwidth of interferometers.

TL;DR: In this article, sufficient conditions for the stabilization and synchronization of Lorenz systems via impulsive control with varying impulsive intervals were derived, and a larger upper bound of impulsive interval for the stabilisation and synchronization was obtained.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the effect of small-world networks on the coherence resonance of Hodgkin-Huxley neurons and found that increasing the randomness p of the network topology leads to an enhancement of temporal coherence and of spatial synchronization of the phenomenon.

TL;DR: A Hirota's bilinear form of the Toeplitz lattice is presented in this paper, which is used to construct some special soliton-like solutions of the lattice.