Showing papers in "Novon in 1999"
TL;DR: The generic placement of 50 of the 59 binomials previously assigned to Arabidopsis are critically evaluated and placed in 14 genera, of which Crucihimalaya, Olimarabidopsis, and Pseudoarabodopsis are described as new, and keys for the determination of taxa most often confused with Arabidops are provided.
Abstract: All 59 binomials previously assigned to Arabidopsis are critically evaluated and placed in 14 genera, of which Crucihimalaya, Olimarabidopsis, and Pseudoarabidopsis are described as new. Nine new combinations in Crucihimalaya, three in Olimarabidopsis, and one in Pseudoarabidopsis, as well as 12 new synonyms, are proposed. A key to all genera most commonly confused with Arabidopsis, including the three new proposed herein, is presented. Generic delimitation in the Brassicaceae (Cruciferae) is one of the most difficult and often controversial aspects in the systematics of the family (Al-Shehbaz, 1973, 1984; Rollins, 1993; Schulz, 1936). Perhaps the two principal reasons for this are: (1) Convergence in basically every morphological character is so high that superficially very similar genera might well turn out to be remotely related or unrelated upon critical examination of so-called key generic characters and independent assessment of phylogenetic relationship using molecular comparisons (as in the genera herein segregated from Arabidopsis). (2) Although the family exhibits tremendous diversity in fruit morphology, other parts of the plant, especially the flowers, usually do not show much diversity and, therefore, there are few morphological characters that can be used to determine relationships. Characters of flowers and vegetative parts have often been ignored or overlooked. Because fruit morphology has traditionally been used in taxonomic treatments of the Brassicaceae, the problem becomes more acute among the numerous genera with relatively similar linearshaped fruits. In cases like these, vegetative or floral characters could easily be of greater significance than fruit or seed characters in delimiting natural genera. Given the great interest in Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynhold as a model experimental organism, it is of particular value to define clear phylogenetic groupings among its related genera. The limits of Arabidopsis (DC.) Heynhold have been the subject of continuous controversy, and many authors (e.g., Al-Shehbaz, 1988; Hedge (in Hedge & Rechinger), 1968; Price et al., 1994) called for the need to establish well-defined boundaries between the genus and its relatives. Although O'Kane and AlShehbaz (1997) retained only nine species in Arabidopsis, the generic placement of 50 of the 59 binomials previously assigned to Arabidopsis remained to be established. The present paper addresses this problem, and keys for the determination of taxa most often confused with Arabidopsis are provided. Molecular comparisons of both chloroplast DNA (Price et al., 1994, unpublished) and nuclear Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) regions (O'Kane et al., 1995, 1997, unpublished) have consistently supported dividing the core group of the broadly circumscribed Arabidopsis (e.g., table 1 of Price et al., 1994) into a small number of well-separated clades, most notably Arabidopsis sensu stricto (including Hylandra A. Love and Cardaminopsis (C. A. Meyer) Hayek; see O'Kane & Al-Shehbaz, 1997; Mummenhoff & Hurka, 1995), A. pumila (Stephan) N. Busch and relatives (here newly described as Olimarabidopsis), and A. himalaica (Edgeworth) O. E. Schulz and relatives (here newly described as Crucihimalaya). All of these genera belong to a major terminal clade, including a number of other Eurasian and American genera such as Capsella Medikus, Neslia Desvaux, Erysimum L., Malcolmia R. Brown, and Halimolobos Tausch. Several other species sometimes placed in Arabidopsis have been found to belong to the distantly related genera ThelNOVON 9: 296-307. 1999. This content downloaded from 157.55.39.78 on Fri, 24 Jun 2016 05:14:10 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms Volume 9, Number 3 1999 Al-Shehbaz et al. Exclusion from Arabidopsis 297 lungiella O. E. Schulz (Al-Shehbaz & O'Kane, 1995; Galloway et al., 1998) and Neotorularia Hedge & J. Ldonard (Al-Shehbaz & O'Kane, 1997), or in one case to the genus Erysimum (Al-Shehbaz, 1994), which is closely related to Olimarabidopsis. Although the taxonomy of Arabidopsis has now been worked out at the generic level (O'Kane & Al-Shehbaz, 1997), our research indicates that Arabis is polyphyletic and consists of at least three unrelated clades. Following up the suggestions of new phylogenetic groupings provided by molecular comparisons, we have thoroughly reexamined the morphology of the species previously placed in Arabidopsis in order to reassess morphological groupings of species and to try to find morphological characters distinguishing the groups indicated by molecular comparisons. Over the last seven years, we have critically examined more than 6000 specimens from numerous herbaria. We have found that differences in fruit morphology (terete vs. flattened) and seed morphology (incumbent vs. accumbent cotyledons and winged vs. unwinged seeds), which have been previously used (e.g., Busch, 1909; Ball, 1993; Jones, 1964; Mulligan, 1995; Rollins, 1993; Schulz, 1936) to separate the traditionally circumscribed genera Arabidopsis and Arabis, appear to be very unreliable in the delimitation of natural generic groups. Seven of the nine species of Arabidopsis sensu stricto have flattened fruits and accumbent cotyledons, while two have terete fruits and incumbent cotyledons (O'Kane & Al-Shehbaz, 1997). In contrast, differences in trichome branching, flower color, and nature of the cauline leaf base appear to be much more useful in defining natural generic groups among species previously placed in Arabidopsis sensu lato. Combinations of these characters, along with molecular phylogenetic data, support the retention of 9 species in Arabidopsis and the segregation of 13 species commonly placed in the genus into three new, well-defined genera herein proposed as Crucihimalaya, Olimarabidopsis, and Pseudoarabidopsis. Based on chloroplast DNA sequencing (Price, unpublished), Olimarabidopsis is most closely related to Erysimum, and both are readily separated from Arabidopsis by having yellow or orange (rarely cream or purplish) flowers and malpighiaceous and/or sessile stellate trichomes (Erysimum) or submalpighiaceous and subsessile stellate trichomes (Olimarabidopsis). Only 3 of the 14 genera to which the 59 Arabidopsis binomials belong are not included in the following key. These, Murbeckiella Rothmaler, Sisymbriopsis Botschantsev & Tzvelev, and Robeschia Hochstetter, are unrelated to Arabidopsis. Murbeckiella has auriculate cauline leaves, keeled valves, veined septa, and winged seeds, whereas Arabidopsis has petiolate cauline leaves, rounded or flat valves, veinless septa, and wingless seeds. Sisymbriopsis has pubescent, quadrangular fruits and prominently 3-veined valves, whereas Arabidopsis has glabrous, terete or flattened fruits and veinless or obscurely 1-veined valves. Finally, Robeschia has dendritic trichomes, 2-pinnatisect or 2-pinnate leaves, much thickened fruiting pedicels as thick as the fruit, and an obsolete style, whereas Arabidopsis has simple and stalked forked trichomes, undivided to pinnatifid leaves, slender fruiting pedicels narrower than the fruit, and distinct styles. These three genera have not yet been subjected to molecular studies, but should be analyzed in the near future. The circumscriptions of Arabis and Halimolobos in the following key follow that of Rollins (1993). We are, however, aware that these genera, as presently delimited, represent very heterogeneous assemblages of species groups that will have to be re-assigned to other genera, most of which have already been proposed. We are currently working on these groups. ARTIFICIAL KEY TO THE GENERA WITH MEMBERS FORMERLY PLACED IN ARABIDOPSIs SENSU LATO la. Plants completely glabrous; leaves and stems glaucous; plants often restricted to strongly saline and/or calcareous soil Thellungiella lb. Plants sparsely to densely hairy; leaves and stems not glaucous; plants usually on other soil types. 2a. Trichomes sessile and completely appressed, malpighiaceous and/or stellate with unbranched rigid straight rays Erysimum 2b. Trichomes shortor long-stalked, simple or branched, if stellate and sessile then rays slender and/or branched. 3a. Scapose annuals without cauline leaves; fruiting pedicel nearly as thick as fruit ....... Drabopsis 3b. Nonscapose annuals, biennials, or perennials with few to many cauline leaves; very rarely perennials without cauline leaves; fruiting pedicels much narrower than fruit (except some Neotorularia). 4a. Fruits compressed; cotyledons accumbent. 5a. Cauline leaves short petiolate, neither auriculate nor sagittate at base; trichomes simple and 2or 3(or 4)-forked, never dendritic or stellate; fruit valves with a prominent midvein; seeds usually wingless .Arabidopsis This content downloaded from 157.55.39.78 on Fri, 24 Jun 2016 05:14:10 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms
89 citations
TL;DR: Two new species of Velloziaceae, Vellazoia auriculata and V gigantea, from Espinhago Range, Minas Gerais, Brazil, are described, characterized by a large dracenoid habit.
Abstract: Two new species of Velloziaceae, Vellozia auriculata and V gigantea, from Espinhago Range, Minas Gerais, Brazil, are described. Both are characterized by a large dracenoid habit. Vellozia auriculata has large tepal appendages and is endemic to the Ambr6sio Range, northeast of the Diamantina plateau. It reproduces in an unusual way, with conspicuous vegetative propagation by lodging branches. Vellozia gigantea may attain a height of up to 6 m, being the largest species of Vellozia so far described. Its one known population is located within the limits of the National Park of Serra do Cip6. Morphological and anatomical descriptions as well as illustrations of both species are presented. Comments are made on their geographic distribution and putative taxonomic relationships. A key to the accepted species with dracenoid habit related to Vellozia auriculata and V. gigantea, and comments on the delimitation of this group are also presented. Since the revision by Smith and Ayensu (1976), many additional Brazilian Velloziaceae have been described (Smith & Ayensu, 1979, 1980; Smith, 1985, 1986; Mello-Silva & Menezes, 1988; MelloSilva, 1991, 1994, 1996, 1997; Menezes & Semir, 1991). This suggests that there are still a large number of undescribed species. Factors that support this conclusion are the restricted distribution of most of the species as well as the difficult access to wide areas of the Espinhago Range in central Brazil, where the family reaches maximum diversity. The two species herein described are spectacular, both in terms of their morphology and their geographical distribution, constituting examples of the richness and uniqueness of the flora of the Brazilian campos rupestres (for maps, see Mello-Silva, 1994: 273, and Mello-Silva & Pirani, 1994: 149). Vellozia auriculata and V gigantea can be included in the group of Vellozia species with dracenoid habits, reaching more than 2 m high. Other dracenoid members of this group are V compacta Martius ex Schultes & Schultes f., V glabra J. C. Mikan, V piresiana L. B. Smith, and V spiralis L. B. Smith (Mello-Silva, 1995). Their stems are t ickened at the base with leaves apically concentrated and soon deciduous, leaving persistent leaf sheaths. The flowers are long-pedicellate with violet tepal , numerous stamens (at least 18), and conspicuous staminal appendages, and the capsules have apical dehiscence. In addition, the anatomical structure of the leaf lamina is quite characteristic of the group, presenting an aquiferous hypodermis extending adaxially to bundle sheaths and furrows, as well as fibro-vascular bundles with two phloem strands. For phylogenetic interpretation of these external and anatomical characters, see Menezes et al. (1994) and Mello-Silva (in press). KEY TO THE ACCEPTED SPECIES OF THE DRACENOID
24 citations
TL;DR: Four new species of Piper are de- scribed from China; one new combination is made: Piper boehmeriifolium var.
Abstract: Four new species of Piper are de- scribed from China: P dolichostachyum, P. tseng- ianum, P wangii, and P yui; one new combination is made: Piper boehmeriifolium var. glabricaule; a new name, Piper cathayanum, is proposed for a lat- er homonym; the identities of Piper arboricola and PR philippinum are discussed; and new synonyms and lectotypes are proposed for various other spe- cies of Peperomia and Piper.
18 citations
TL;DR: Two new species of Annonaceae from the threatened lowland coastal forests of Tanzania are described and illustrated in this paper, where the authors identify Xylopia mwasumbii as a small-flowered species belonging to a complex including U. angolensis, U. lucida, and U. tanzaniae.
Abstract: Two new species of Annonaceae from the threatened lowland coastal forests of Tanzania are described and illustrated. Xylopia mwasumbii D. M. Johnson has distinctive flattened monocarps, unique among its African congeners. Uvaria puguensis D. M. Johnson is a small-flowered species belonging to a complex including, in East Africa, U. angolensis, U. lucida, and U. tanzaniae. A key to the taxa of the U. angolensis group in East Africa is provided. Annonaceae are especially diverse in the lowland coastal forests of Tanzania and Kenya, with six genera and 35 species endemic to these forests (Verdcourt, 1971, 1986; Verdcourt & Mwasumbi, 1988; Vollesen, 1980). At the same time that the biological diversity of these coastal forests is being recognized, this rare forest formation is disappearing due to pressure from land development and charcoal production (Burgess et al., 1992; Mwasumbi et al., 1994). Pugu Forest Reserve near Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, is the best-studied coastal forest in Tanzania (Burgess et al., 1992), yet we have just recently gathered sufficient material to describe two new species of Annonaceae, one in Xylopia and one in Uvaria, from this small reserve and nearby areas. Both species occur in forested uplands with a distinctive suite of associated species, including Baphia puguensis Brummitt, Hugonia castaneifolia Engler, Hymenaea verrucosa Gaertner, Hymenocardia ulmoides Oliver, Landolphia kirkii Dyer, Lasiodiscus holtzii Engler, Manilkara sulcata (Engler) Dubard, Monanthotaxis fornicata (Baillon) Verdcourt, Nesogordonia holtzii (Engler) Capuron, Scorodophloeus fischeri (Taubert) J. Leon, Suregada zanzibariensis Baillon, and Uvaria pandensis Verdcourt, as well as species of Croton, Haplocoelopsis, Ochna, Megalochlamys, Rinorea, and Tessmannia. Verdcourt (1971), in his treatment of Xylopia for the Flora of Tropical East Africa, first drew attention to the specimen Semsei 3704 from the Pugu Forest Reserve, identifying it as Xylopia "Species B" and commenting, "The material is scarcely adequate for description and only one of the two specimens seen bears flowers; both bear globose artichoke-like galls covered with conical tubercles which appear to be derived from the flowers." The name Xylopia "Species B" has, in the meantime, crept into East African floristic literature (e.g., Hawthorne, 1993), but it is now possible to name and describe this species in detail. Xylopia mwasumbii D. M. Johnson, sp. nov. TYPE: Tanzania. Coast Region: Kisarawe District, Pugu Forest Reserve, along N road 0.5 km E of brick factory, 6?52'S, 39006'E, 200 m, 16 Feb. 1996, Johnson & Ndangalasi 1884 (holotype, OWU; isotypes, DSM, K, MO). Figure 1A-H. Inter africanas Xylopiae species petalis lanceolatis olivaceis, staminibus non-capitatis, staminodiis nullis, carpellis duobus vel tribus, stigmatibus glabris oblongo-falcatis, toro leviter tantum concavo, et monocarpiis foliiformibus falcatis venosis compressis distincta. Tree 4-9 m tall, DBH up to 8 cm, often with multiple trunks, the principal trunk often arching rather than erect; bark white with gray and orange mottling, exfoliating in places; slash brown on yellow (ex Hawthorne). Nodes occasionally with two or more axillary branches. Twigs 0.7-2.1 mm diam., gray, longitudinally wrinkled, with epidermis soon exfoliating, sparsely lenticellate, sparsely appressed-pubescent to glabrate, the simple hairs 0.2-0.4 mm long. Lamina of larger leaves 4.6-7.7 cm long, 2.4--4.3 cm wide, paler abaxially, subcoriaceous, broadly elliptic to elliptic, occasionally ovate, elliptic-ovate, or obovate-elliptic; base cuneate, decurrent on petiole; apex 4-8 mm long, blunt-acuminate, or occasionally obtuse and emarginate; lamina with adaxial surface glabrous, abaxial surface sparsely sericeous; midrib impressed to plane adaxially, abaxially raised and keeled; secondary veins 9-11 per side, departing at 50-600 from the midrib, weakly brochidodromous, anastomosing 1-2 mm from margin; secondary and highNovoN 9: 55-60. 1999. This content downloaded from 157.55.39.138 on Tue, 19 Apr 2016 04:43:31 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms
17 citations
TL;DR: Nine new species, four new varieties, a new name (G. straminea), and four new combinations (Enkianthus serrulatus var. brevistipes) are proposed.
Abstract: Nine new species (Cassiope membranifolia, Gaultheria heteromera, G. jingdongensis, G. longibracteolata, G. pseudonotabilis, G. purpurea, G. trigonoclada, Vaccinium rubescens, V. tenuiflorum), four new varieties (Enkianthus deflexus var. glabrescens, Gaultheria dumicola var, hirticaulis, G. griffithiana var. insignis, G. wardii var. elongata), a new name (G. straminea), and four new combinations (Enkianthus serrulatus var. sichuanensis, Gaultheria leucocarpa var. yunnanensis, G. leucocarpa var. psilocarpa, G. brevistipes) are proposed.
14 citations
12 citations
TL;DR: In the course of preparing a treatment of the Ocotea helicterifolia group for Flora Mesoamericana, the existing treatment was found to be outdated and the description of the following new species is presented, new synonymy is given, and the specimens studied are listed.
Abstract: In the course of preparing a treatment of the Ocotea helicterifolia group for Flora Mesoamericana, the existing treatment was found to be outdated. A review of the group is here presented and includes the description of the following new species: O. congregata van der Werff, O. corrugata van der Werff, O. gordonii van der Werff, and O. patula van der Werff, as well as the following new combinations: 0. betazensis (Mez) van der Werff, O. bourgeauviana (Mez) van der Werff, O. purpurea (Mez) van der Werff, and O. tonii (Lundell) van der Werff. A key to the species of the group is presented, new synonymy is given, and the specimens studied are listed. Among the species of Ocotea in Central America is a group characterized by the presence of an erect indument on the leaves (especially on the lower surface) that is discernible to the touch, with densely to moderately pubescent twigs, tepals that are partially papillose (sometimes only along the margin or near the tip), glabrous or somewhat papillose anthers with the four cells arranged in two superposed pairs and, at least in some species, relatively well-developed staminodia. The term papillose is used here for a dense cover of very short, curly hairs. In a few species the anthers each have a small, sterile tip and the anther cells do not fill the anther completely, as is the case in most species of Ocotea. Although this group is easy to recognize, its taxonomy is confused. The presence of well-developed staminodia has resulted in the inclusion of several species in Phoebe, and later those were transferred to Cinnamomum. Other species have been placed in Nectandra, sharing a common papillosity of the tepals and anthers. Nectandra belizensis (Lundell) Allen resembles in vegetative characters the O. helicterifolia group, but has typical Nectandra stamens (short, broad, with the anther cells arranged in a shallow arc, not in two superposed pairs as in Ocotea). Nectandra belizensis is known from Belize, Costa Rica, and Panama. Rohwer (1991) gave a brief discussion of the group and provided a list of taxa included in it. He also revised the species with the general flower structure of 0. helicterifolia, but which did not have the pubescent leaves and twigs. He noted that the O. helictertfolia group is related to the Ocotea sinuata group, which differs in having tongue-shaped anthers each with a conspicuous sterile tip. In the course of writing a treatment of Ocotea for Flora Mesoamericana, I found several undescribed species in the O. helicterifolia group and several other species that needed to be transferred to Ocotea. A few species of this group occurred outside the area covered by Flora Mesoamericana. In addition to the novelties, I decided it might be useful to publish a key to all species I recognize as belonging to the O. helicterifolia group, as well as new synonyms. In the most recent treatment of Central American Lauraceae (Allen, 1945), most species of the O. helicterifolia group were included in Phoebe, and these species were mostly separated based on leaf size and leaf shape. I found these characters less important than Allen did, and rely more on such characters as inflorescence type (racemose or paniculate-cymose), flower characters (flowers glabrous or pubescent; inner surface of tepals glabrous or pubescent; receptacles glabrous or pubescent inside), and leaf position (alternate or clustered). Use of these characters leads to better-defined species, although some of the species appear quite variable and may be further divided at some later point. Specifically, the Costa Rican specimens of O. helicterifolia seem slightly different and occur at lower altitudes than specimens collected north of Costa Rica. Likewise, specimens of 0. purpurea from Panama seem different (fewer lateral veins, for example) than those from Honduras northward. However, splitting these species can only be done using vegetative characters (leaf shape and size), and because I regard these characters as weak and not reliable, I am reluctant to further divide these rather variable species. In several species the upper rim of the receptacle carries a ring of hairs. These hairs are easily visible and may suggest the receptacle itself is pubescent or the tepals are pubescent on the inner surface. It is necessary to split a receptacle open in order to ascertain whether the receptacle is puNovoN 9: 571-583. 1999. This content downloaded from 157.55.39.103 on Tue, 27 Jun 2017 17:57:07 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms
12 citations
TL;DR: This species occurs in montane forests in the state of Espirito Santo, Brazil, a flora noted for other endemic taxa within Melastomata- ceae.
Abstract: Miconia capixaba belongs to Miconia sect. Miconia, series Paniculares Naudin. It is dis- tinguished from related species by the dense, stel- late trichomes on young branches, inflorescences, and hypanthia, as well as abaxial leaf surfaces, and by cuneate leaf bases, small panicles, triangular inner calyx lobes, and a papillose (otherwise gla- brous) ovary apex. This species occurs in montane forests in the state of Espirito Santo, Brazil, a flora noted for other endemic taxa within Melastomata- ceae. er ones with filaments 1.9-2.1 mm long, anthers 1.7-1.8 mm long, linear-oblong, arcuate, thecae 1.3-1.4 mm long; the smaller ones with filaments 1.5-1.9 mm, anthers 1.4-1.5 mm, linear-oblong, straight, thecae ca. 1.1 mm; anthers of both cycles with a narrow apical pore, ca. 0.1 mm diam.; con- nective prolonged 0.3-0.4 mm below the thecae, dorsally thickened and not appendaged, ventrally with two minute lobes, sometimes directed back- ward and appearing like dorsal appendages. Ovary 0.7-0.9 mm high, fused to the hypanthium for ?2 of its length, 3-celled, with 2-3 ovules in each cell, apex rounded, obscurely 5-lobed, papillose; style 4.5-5 mm long, filiform, apex truncate, not thick- ened. Mature fruits not seen.
10 citations
TL;DR: The following new taxa and new combinations are the result of a systematic study of the genus Chiloscyphus Corda in Australasia.
Abstract: Chiloscyphus sect. Novae-zeelandii, sect. Semiteres, sect. Spiniferi, and sect. Hemispini are described as new. Chiloscyphus subg. Connati, subg. Microlophocolea, and subg. Cyanolophocolea are new combinations. The following new taxa and new combinations are the result of a systematic study of the genus Chiloscyphus Corda in Australasia. The names are here published separately to make them immediately available for use. 1. Chiloscyphus sect. Novae-zeelandii Engel, sect. nov. TYPE: Jungermannia novaezeelandiae Lehmann & Lindenberg, in Lehmann, Nov. Min. Cogn. Stirp. Pug. 6: 33. 1834. Plantae dioicae, spicis masculis elongatis, bracteis quam foliis brevioribus, aliter velut in sect. Heterophylli. Plants dioecious; branching of Frullaniaand lateral-intercalary types or strictly lateral-intercalary; leaves with apex polymorphic, undivided and rounded to retuse to l-lobed to shallowly bilobed, at times all or a combination of these variants on 1 shoot, the leaf margins entire or armed with 1 or more teeth; underleaves bifid to 0.4-0.85, the lamina margins 1-3 dentate-ciliate; androecia forming elongate spikes, the bracts smaller than leaves; gynoecia on main shoots or long leafy branches, never on short intercalary branches that lack leaves, never on terminal branches. The section belongs in subgenus Lophocolea (Dumortier) Engel & Schuster and is restricted to Australasia. 2. Chiloscyphus sect. Semiteres Engel, sect. nov. TYPE: Jungermannia semiteres Lehmann, Linnaea 4: 363. 1829. Sectio Novae-zeelandii similis, gynoeciis interdum in ramis brevibus aphyllis latero-intercalaribus vel ramis terminalibus vel surculis principalibus, seta cellulis magis numerosis constructis, atque pariete interno capsulae non aequaliter incrassato differt. Plants with branching terminal-lateral and lateral-intercalary or strictly lateral-intercalary; leaves undivided, the margins entire or dentate; underleaves 2-4-lobed at least to 0.5, at times divided nearly to the base, the lamina margins on each side with a tooth or lobule. Gynoecia often on abbreviated lateral-intercalary branches lacking normal leaves, sometimes on terminal branches or main
9 citations
TL;DR: The following new taxa and new combinations, together with those previously published, are the result of a phylogenetic study of the genus Telaranea, which is currently in preparation by the authors.
Abstract: Telaranea consobrina, T fragilis, and T palmata, new species from Australasia, are described and illustrated. Telaranea clatritexta (Stephani) Engel & Merrill and T quadricilia (Stephani) Engel & Merrill of Australasia and T. fernandeziensis (Stephani) Engel & Merrill from Juan Fernmindez are new combinations. Frullania neocaledonica of New Caledonia is proposed as a new name for Frullania caledonica (Schuster) Schuster, an illegitimate name. The following new taxa and new combinations, together with those previously published (Engel & Merrill, 1995), are the result of a phylogenetic study of the genus Telaranea, which is currently in preparation by the authors. The names are here published separately to make them immediately available for use. Studies on Australasian Hepaticae have also revealed a nomenclatural change required in the genus Frullania. Telaranea clatritexta (Stephani) Engel & Merrill, comb. nov. Basionym: Lepidozia clatritexta Stephani, Spec. Hep. 3: 583. 1909. TYPE: Australia. Western Australia: Swan River, Drummond, ex Herb. Kew (G). Lepidozia complanata Herzog, Memoranda Soc. Fauna F1. Fenn. 27(1950-1951): 92. fig. 39. 1952. Syn. nov. Telaranea complanata (Herzog) Engel & Merrill, Phytologia 79: 251. 1995 [June 1996]. TYPE: Australia. Western Australia: without specific loc., Goebel (holotype, not seen). In a previous paper (Engel & Merrill, 1995), we published the combination Telaranea complanata (Herzog) Engel & Merrill. Further studies have revealed that Lepidozia clatritexta Stephani is the same taxon, and a transfer to Telaranea is therefore required. Telaranea consobrina Engel & Merrill, sp. nov. TYPE: Tasmania. Eastern slope of Black Bluff just below summit, S of Bumrnie, 1250 m, 21 Mar. 1977, Engel 15799 (holotype, F; isotype, HO). Figure 1. Species nova T. meridianae affinis disco folii basin versus 8 cellulis lato, lobis angustioribus, amphigastriis latioribus brevioribusque, hyalodermate conspicuo differt. Plants soft and flexuous, ascending to suberect, pale green, medium in size, to 6 mm wide, including branches. Branching rather regularly 1-pinnate, the branches of the Frullania-type, at times becoming flagelliform; first branch underleaf undivided (very rarely bilobed), broadly acuminate to lanceolate. Ventral-intercalary branches not seen. Stems with cortical cells distinctly differentiated, thinwalled, in 13-14 rows; cortical cells in section slightly to distinctly larger than the numerous (4953) medullary cells. Leaves on main shoot obliquely spreading, contiguous, the disc plane or weakly convex, the lobes ventrally decurved, the insertion distinctly incubous, the disc broader than high; leaves 475-600 /m wide x 440-525 /m long, the leaves 4(5)-lobed to 0.4-0.5, the lobes straight to moderately divergent. Lobes narrowly acute to acuminate, 4-5 cells wide at base, often 4 cells wide in basal sector, then biseriate for 2-3 tiers, terminating in a short uniseriate row of 2-3 cells (or sporadically a single cell or 2 laterally juxtaposed cells); lobe cells ? isodiametric to short rectangular, thin-walled. Leaf disc somewhat asymmetrically cuneate, the disc (5)6-7(8) cells high (from median sinus base to leaf base), 13-16 cells wide in distal portion narrowing to 8(9) cells wide in basal portion. Cells of disc thin-walled, median cells short rectangular, 24-38(42) /m wide x 42-49 /m long, the cells in + irregular rows; cuticle smooth. Underleaves somewhat smaller than leaves, 1.7-2.3x stem width, 4(5)-lobed to 0.4-0.45, the lobes narrowly acut , 3-4 cells wide at base and biseriate for 1-2 tiers, ending in a uniseriate row of 2-3 short cells; disc symmetrically broadly cuneate (wider than high), 4-5 cells high (median sinus), 14-18 cells wide. Asexual reproduction lacking. Androecia and gynoecia not seen. Taxonomy. This species strongly resembles T meridiana of New Zealand, with broad, almost lonNOVON 9: 339-344. 1999. This content downloaded from 207.46.13.110 on Fri, 09 Dec 2016 05:48:26 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms
9 citations
TL;DR: Differences in the presence in Sisymbriopsis of branched trichomes, obliquely accumbent cotyledons, and flattened fruits somewhat rectangular in cross section readily distinguish the genus from S Daisymbrium, which has simple trichome, incumbent cotygomes, and terete fruits.
Abstract: The genus Sisymbriopsis is established, and a key, descriptions, and distributions of the five species are given. The new combinations S. pamirica, S. shuanghuica, and S. yechengnica are proposed. During work on the Brassicaceae (Cruciferae) for the Flora of China, it became evident that the placement of many Chinese species fluctuated between different genera, and no clear lines have been drawn to delimit them. The present paper deals with the placement of four such species, plus a fifth endemic to Tajikistan. In their original description of Sisymbriopsis, Botschantsev and Tzvelev (1961) recognized a single species, S. schugnana Botschantsev & Tzvelev, which was mistakenly treated and illustrated by Vassilczenko (1939) as Torularia mollipila (Maximowicz) O. E. Schulz. Botschantsev (1966) transferred the latter species to Sisymbriopsis, and subsequent works (e.g., Bondarenko, 1974; Czerepanov, 1995; Ikonnikov, 1979; Junussov, 1978) recognized only these two species. Although S. mollipila (Maximowicz) Botschantsev was originally described from Tibet (Maximowicz, 1889), Kuan's (1985) account of the family Cruciferae for the Flora ofXizang (Tibet) gave no mention of the species under any genus. By contrast, An (1987) reduced S. mollipila to synonymy of TI mollipila. He (An, 1991) placed S. mollipila in Neotorularia Hedge & J. Ldonard (= Torularia O. E. Schulz (1924), not Torularia Bonnemaison (1828) of Rhodophyta) and recognized (An, 1995) some of its variants as members of the genera Arabidopsis (DC.) Heynhold and Microsisymbrium O. E. Schulz. I~onard (1986) excluded the species from Neotorularia and followed Botschantsev (1966) in assigning it to Sisymbriopsis. The important points that need clarification are whether or not Sisymbriopsis should be recognized and whether S. mollipila should be kept in Neotorularia. All species of Neotorularia have terete fruits, valves with a prominent or obscure midvein, typically incumbent cotyledons, and nectar glands consisting of lateral ones only. By contrast, all species of Sisymbriopsis, including S. mollipila and the others herein transferred to this genus, have flattened fruits somewhat rectangular in cross section, prominently 3-veined valves, obliquely accumbent cotyledons, and nectar glands consisting of median nectaries confluent with the lateral ones. In our opinion, these differences are of considerable significance, and they clearly support the recognition of Sisymbriopsis as independent from its nearest relative, Neotorularia. Although Botschantsev and Tzvelev (1961) compared Sisymbriopsis with Sisymbrium, the two genera do not appear to be closely related. The presence in Sisymbriopsis of branched trichomes, obliquely accumbent cotyledons, and flattened fruits somewhat rectangular in cross section readily distinguish the genus from Sisymbrium, which has simple trichomes, incumbent cotyledons, and terete fruits. Although some of the southern African and South American species of Sisymbrium have branched trichomes (Marais, 1970; Romanczuk, 1982; Schulz, 1924), those species are anomalous in the genus and probably ought to be placed in other genera. As delimited here, Sisymbriopsis includes five species, of which one, S. schugnana, is endemic to Tajikistan, three are endemic to China, and one occurs in both countries. Sisymbriopsis Botschantsev & Tzvelev, Not. Syst. Herb. Inst. Bot. Acad. Sci. URSS 21: 143. 1961. TYPE: Sisymbriopsis schugnana Botschantsev & Tzvelev. Herbs annual, biennial, or perennial. Trichomes stalked 1or 2-forked to dendritic, sometimes NovoN 9: 308-312. 1999. This content downloaded from 157.55.39.46 on Sat, 11 Jun 2016 06:46:39 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms Volume 9, Number 3 1999 Al-Shehbaz et al. Revision of Sisymbriopsis 309 crisped or flattened, rarely exclusively simple. Stems erect to ascending, sometimes decumbent, simple or branched basally and/or apically. Basal leaves petiolate, pinnately lobed to coarsely dentate, rarely subentire. Cauline leaves petiolate or subsessile and not auriculate at base, entire, dentate, to pinnatifid. Inflorescences several-flowered, bracteate or ebracteate corymbose racemes, elongated slightly or considerably in fruit. Sepals oblong, erect, glabrous or pubescent, base of inner pair not saccate, margin membranous. Petals white or lavender, obovate, spatulate, or oblanceolate; claw usually obscurely distinct from blade. Stamens 6, slightly tetradynamous; filaments dilated or not dilated at base; anthers ovate or oblong, sagittate at base, obtuse or apiculate at apex. Nectar glands confluent and subtending bases of all stamens; median nectaries present; lateral nectaries annular. Fruit linear, flattened and latiseptate, appressed to rachis or not, sessile; valves papery, with a prominent midvein and 2 lateral veins and less prominent, anastomosing secondary veins, sparsely to densely pubescent with branched trichomes, rarely glabrescent or with simple hairs, somewhat rectangular in cross section, torulose; septum complete; style obsolete or short and less than 1 mm long; stigma capitate, entire or 2-lobed. Seeds uniseriate, wingless or distally with a small winglike appendage, oblong, slightly flattened; seed coat minutely reticulate, not mucilaginous when wetted; cotyledons obliquely accumbent. la. Trichomes simple, flattened; petals 6-10 x 3-5 mm . 5. S. yechengnica lb. At least some trichomes branched, not flattened; petals 2-4 X 0.6-1.5 mm. 2a. Fruits secund; fruiting pedicels ascending to divaricate, 5-11 mm long; Tajikistan .... ........1. S. schugnana 2b. Fruits not secund; fruiting pedicels erect, appressed to rachis, 0.5-5(-6) mm long; China, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan. 3a. Plants perennial; inflorescence bracteate; anthers not apiculate ....... 4. S. shuanghuica 3b. Plants annual; inflorescence ebracteate; anthers apiculate. 4a. Fruit glabrescent or sparsely pubescent with crisped forked trichomes to 0.4 mm long; stigma subentire to slightly 2-lobed; fruiting pedicel stout; sepals sparsely pubescent with crisped forked trichomes 2. S. mollipila 4b. Fruit densely villous with straight forked trichomes to 1 mm; stigma deeply 2-lobed; fruiting pedicels slender; sepals densely villous with straight simple trichomes .... 3. S. pamirica 1. Sisymbriopsis schugnana Botschantsev & Tzvelev, Not. Syst. Herb. Inst. Bot. Acad. Sci. URSS 21: 145. 1961. TYPE: Tajikistan. W Pamir, valley Murgab, 5-6 km below fl. W Pschart, ca. 3300 m, 22 June 1958, N. Tzvelev 256 (holotype, LE; isotype, LE). Herbs biennial, 8-25 cm tall, densely canescent with a mixture of simple and 1or 2-forked or subdendritic, short-stalked trichomes. Stems ascending to decumbent, branched primarily from or near base. Basal leaves rosulate, pinnatifid to pinnatisect; petiole (0.5-)1-2(-3) cm long, not ciliate; leaf blade oblong to oblanceolate in outline, (0.5-)13.5 cm long, (2-)5-10 mm wide, base cuneate, margin obtusely lobed, the lobes entire or few toothed, apex obtuse to rounded. Middle cauline leaves subsessile to short petiolate, similar to basal leaves but progressively reduced in size upward. Inflorescence ebracteate, rarely lowermost few flowers bracteate, elongated considerably in fruit. Pedicels in fruit ascending to divaricate-ascending, often secund, straight, slender, 3-8(-14) mm long, sparsely pubescent with branched trichomes. Sepals oblong, 2-3 x 1-1.5 mm, scarious at margin, pubescent with branched trichomes. Petals white to pink, spatulate to oblanceolate, 3-4 x 0.5-1.5 mm, attenuate to a clawlike base to 1.5 mm long, apex obtuse. Filaments white to lavender, 2.5-3 mm long; anthers ovate, 0.5-0.6 mm long, apiculate. Fruit (2-)2.5-3.5(-4) cm long, (1.5-)2-2.5 mm wide, divaricate, secund; valves sparsely pubescent with finely branched, crisped forked trichomes, rarely glabrescent; style 0.2-0.8 mm long; stigma subentire to slightly 2-lobed. Seeds yellowish brown, oblong, 1.4-1.8 x 0.7-1 mm, slightly compressed, distal margin sometimes with a minute wing; cotyledons obliquely accumbent. Flowering June-August, fruiting July-September. Distribution. Endemic to Tajikistan at 36004500 m. Specimens examined. TAJIKISTAN. Pamir: GornoBadakhshan, Sareszskoe Lake, valley of River Ramanf, 5 km from mouth, Stanukovych et al. 9743 (LE); GornoBadakhshan, River Topolovaya, Stanukovych et al. 8675 (LE); Gorno-Badakhshan, River Kazankul, 4 km from mouth, Stanukovych et al. 9422 (LE). 2. Sisymbriopsis mollipila (Maximowicz) Botschantsev, Novit. Syst. P1. Vasc. 3: 122. 1966. Sisymbrium mollipilum Maximowicz, Fl. Tangut. 1: 62. 1889. Neotorularia mollipila (Maximowicz) Z. X. An, J. August 1st Agr. Coll. 14(2): 48. 1991. Stenophragma mollipilum (Maximowicz) B. Fedtschenko, Rastit. Turkest. This content downloaded from 157.55.39.46 on Sat, 11 Jun 2016 06:46:39 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms
TL;DR: Two subgenera in Echeandia (Anthericaceae) are recognized based on time of flower opening, tepal shape, flower color, and habitat differences, and fifteen species are proposed, including E. texensis, a common species of eastern Mexico, and is surely rare, possibly extirpated.
Abstract: Two subgenera in Echeandia (Anthericaceae), i.e., subg. Echeandia and subg. Mscavea, are recognized based on time of flower opening, tepal shape, flower color, and habitat differences. Fifteen species are proposed. One, E. texensis, is based on four collections made near Brownsville, Texas, and is surely rare, possibly extirpated. The recognition of five species clarifies the distributional range of E. reflexa, a common species of eastern Mexico. Seven species are endemic to Guerrero and adjacent areas of Michoacin, Mexico, Morelos, and/ or Oaxaca. A key to the species of subgenus Mscavea and white-flowered species of subgenus Echeandia is provided. Echeandia, as described by Ortega (1800: 135, tab. 18), included New World species with connate anthers and scaled filaments. These traits effectively separated Echeandia and Old World Anthericum, which had free anthers and smooth or papillate filaments. With few exceptions, New World species with free anthers were included in Anthericum for the next 180 years. However, during that time, species with smooth filaments were included in Echeandia (see Weatherby, 1910), and species with scaled filaments were described in Anthericum (Baker, 1876; Greenman, 1898). Thus, for the past century or more, New World Anthericum and Echeandia were separated simply on the nature of their anthers, and the unique traits they shared were ignored. Because most New World species described in Anthericum and Echeandia share traits that are unique in Anthericaceae, including a corm and scaled filaments, they are now included in Echeandia (see Cruden, 1987, 1994), which, with 78 described species, is the second largest genus in Anthericaceae (see Chase et al., 1996; Dahlgren et al., 1985: 186). Excluded from Echeandia are approximately 20 white-flowered South American species with smooth filaments and free anthers that probably constitute an undescribed genus. Within Echeandia there are two distinct lineages, and each includes species with free anthers and others with connate anthers. The two lineages share at least two synapomorphies. First, all Echeandia have a corm that produces new storage roots and inflorescences yearly. Other Anthericaceae are rhizomatous, and only the terminal segment produces leaves and inflorescences. There is no evidence that a segment produces inflorescences in successiv years. Second, most genera in Anthericaceae s. str. have smooth and/or papillate filaments, e.g., Chlorophytum s.1. (Kativu & Nordal, 1993) and Hagenbachia (Cruden, 1987), whereas most Echeandia (63/78) have scaled filaments and those with smooth filaments occur in derived groups. In addition, anthers adapted for pollination by vibratory bees occur in both lineages and are unique in Anthericaceae s. str. In the white-flowered lineage the anthers in 21 of 25 species are connate and form a cone, and in the other 4 species the individual anthers are adapted for buzz pollination (see below). In the yellow-flowered lineage, 19 of 53 species have anther cones and in 4 additional species the individual anthers are adapted for buzz pollination. The filaments of all these species are inserted dorsally within a basipetally opening pocket, which effectively holds the anther on the same axis as the filament and probably provides the structural stability needed to support a bee while it vibrates an anther or anther cone. It is possible that connate anthers constitute a parallel apomorphy. In other Echeandia and most other Anthericaceae, the anthers are free, usually versatile, dorsifixed, and dehisce laterally. In most Chlorophytum, however, the filaments are inserted more or less basally in a deep pit, which restricts the movement of the anthers. Finally, relative to Echeandia's putative ancestor, both lineages combine a mixture of primitive and derived traits. Based on other Anthericaceae, that ancestor had white flowers, which probably opened relatively early in the morning, broadly elliptical tepals, smooth filaments, and versatile anthers that dehisced laterally. Thus, yellow flowers are apomorphic in one lineage, as are narrowly elliptical inner tepals and late opening flowers in the other. Thus, the available data are consistent with a common ancestor diverging into two lineages, which are formally recognized below as subgenera. NovoN 9: 325-338. 1999. This content downloaded from 207.46.13.124 on Sun, 11 Sep 2016 04:55:57 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms
TL;DR: In preparing a treatment of Boraginaceae for A Manual to the Plants of Costa Rica, two collections representing previously undescribed taxa were discovered.
Abstract: Bourreria rinconensis and Tournefortia isabellina are described as new from Costa Rica. Keys are provided to the Costa Rican species of Bourreria and the Central American species of Tournefortia sect. Cyphocema. In preparing a treatment of Boraginaceae for A Manual to the Plants of Costa Rica, two collections representing previously undescribed taxa were discovered. Bourreria rinconensis J. S. Miller, sp. nov. TYPE: Costa Rica. Puntarenas: Cant6n de Osa, Aguabuena, margen izquierda de Quebrada El Campo, Rinc6n, 8?42'45"N, 83?31'35"W, elev. 200 m, 22 Sep. 1990, Gerardo Herrera 4350 (holotype, MO 04660635). Figure 1. Arbor usque ad 8 m alta. Folia persistentia; lamina glabra, elliptica, 7.7-14 cm longa, 2.7-6 cm lata, apice acuminata, basi acuta ad attenuata; petiolo 1.3-2.3 cm longo, glabro. Inflorescentia terminalis, cymosa; pedunculo 12-18 mm longo, glabro. Flos gemmis 8-9 mm longis, apiculatis; calyce 6.5-8 mm longo, extus glabro, intus strigoso; corolla alba, hypocrateriformi, ca. 16 mm longa, 5loba, lobulis late ovatis, 3-3.5 mm longis, ca. 3 mm latis; staminibus 5, filamentis ca. 14 mm longis, ad insertionem puberulis. Fructus non visi. Tree 8 m tall, the bark corky, the twigs glabrous. Leaves persistent; leaf blades elliptic, 7.7-14 cm long, 2.7-6 cm wide, the apex acuminate, the base acute to attenuate, the margin entire, the adaxial surface glabrous, lustrous, the abaxial surface glabrous, the venation brochidodromous, the midrib prominent, strongly impressed above, raised below, the secondary veins arching, 6-8; petioles 1.3-2.3 cm long, broadly canaliculate on the adaxial surface, glabrous. Inflorescences terminal, cymose, the peduncles 12-18 mm long, glabrous. Flowers bisexual, the buds ellipsoid, 8-9 mm long, apiculate; calyx leathery, tubular, 6.5-8 mm long, ca. 3 mm wide at the mouth, glabrous, 5-lobed, the lobes sometimes not separating completely and the calyx appearing 2-4-lobed, triangular, 3-5 mm long, 1.52 mm wide at the base, the interior surface of the lobes densely strigose. Corolla white, salverform, brown tomentulose, the tube ca. 16 mm long, 2.53 mm wide at the mouth, the 5 lobes spreading, widely ovate, 3-3.5 mm long, ca. 3 mm wide, the apex obtuse to rounded; stamens 5, the filaments ca. 14 mm long, the upper 8 mm free, puberulent at and just beneath the point of insertion; ovary ovoid, ca. 1.5 mm tall, 1 mm broad, glabrous, the style ca. 9 mm long, the 2 stigmas capitate. Fruit unknown. Bourreria rinconensis is known only from the type collected in lowland wet forest on the Osa Penin-
TL;DR: Three new combinations, one in Abarema and two in Albizia (tribe Ingeae of the Mimosaceae), are proposed based on the study of fertile material from Central and South America, based on a framework of seven generic alliances established by Barneby and Grimes (1996), based on vegetative, floral, and carpological characters.
Abstract: Three new combinations, one in Abarema and two in Albizia (tribe Ingeae of the Mimosaceae), are proposed based on the study of fertile material from Central and South America. Two of these are necessary for the completion of the Mimosaceae treatment for Flora de Nicaragua. In the course of preparing treatments for genera of the tribe Ingeae for the Flora de Nicaragua, it has been necessary to propose new combinations in the Mimosaceae. In the past 20 years, large parts of neotropical Pithecellobium and Albizia have been divided into several small genera; this fragmentation has not yet been generally accepted by foresters, agronomists, and parataxonomists. Nielsen (1981) reviewed the genera in the tribe Ingeae and stated that, historically, classification of the group has been based largely on fruit characters, leading in many cases to "pod-genera" (Nielsen, 1981: 173). Most genera were difficult to separate when only in flower, so he proposed a classification for the whole tribe (covering 20 genera), based on vegetative, floral, and carpological characters. Barneby and Grimes (1996) established a framework of seven generic alliances (containing a total of 20 genera) for mainly neotropical taxa of tribe Ingeae. A few cultivated Old World species of Albizia were included. Barneby and Grimes's (1996) classification was based largely on growth and branching patterns, as well as on developmental characters of vegetative and floral buds. The first species under consideration in the present paper falls within the Abarema alliance of Barneby and Grimes (1996). Abarema contains approximately 45 species, with inflorescence, fruit, and seed characters being consistent within the genus. The species was first described as Pithecellobium ("Pithecolobium") acreanum Macbride (1943), but was tentatively transferred to the genus Hydrochorea by Barneby and Grimes (1996: 33) as "Hydrochorea (?) acreana (Macbride) Barneby & Grimes." The genus Hydrochorea Barneby & Grimes is mainly characterized by a lomentaceous fruit. Hydrochorea acreana was known to Barneby and Grimes by only two flowering specimens from the Brazilian state of Acre, and they commented (1996: 34) that "pending discovery of the fruit, its affinity cannot be assessed with finality." They went on to state, "The foliage, except for smaller petiolar nectaries, is more reminiscent of Abarema adenophora." Robleto 678 (from Nicaragua) and Herrera 7008, Rivera 2350, and Zumbado 98 (all from Costa Rica) are fruiting specimens that all possess leaflets and relatively small petiolar nectaries that closely match those of Pithecellobium acreanum. Together these four collections represent two disjunct distributions of the species under discussion here. Zumbado 98 was cited by Barneby and Grimes in their exsiccatae (1996: 283) as Abarema macradenia (Pittier) Barneby & Grimes, another disjunct species (Central and South America; Barneby & Grimes, 1996: 59). However, A. macradenia has a thick coriaceous fruit and obliquely oblong-elliptic or very obtusely rhombic leaflets, and the duplicate specimen of Zumbado 98 at K lacks these char-
TL;DR: The Mediterranean and South African species and two of the species from North America were as- signed to section Laurentia; the remaining North American endemic to section Palmerella; and the Australian and West Indian species to section Isotoma.
Abstract: The 10 South African species cur- rently assigned to Laurentia (an otherwise Mediter- ranean genus) are segregated here as the genus Wimmerella on the basis of their basal (vs. medial) bracteoles; larger flowers and fruits; and subglobose (vs. ellipsoid) seeds lacking a strophiole, which are sulcate with flattened (vs. keeled) walls. Laurentia Adanson, as circumscribed by Wim- mer (1953, 1968), was a genus of oddly discontin- uous distribution. Its 27 species were restricted to either the Mediterranean region (3 spp.), South Af- rica (10 spp.), Australia (10 spp.), western North America (3 spp.), or the West Indies (1 sp., spread in historic times throughout much of the tropics). Phytogeographic coherence of the infrageneric taxa recognized in Wimmer's treatment was no better. The Mediterranean and South African species and two of the species from North America were as- signed to section Laurentia; the remaining North American endemic to section Palmerella (A. Gray) E. Wimmer; and the Australian and West Indian species to section Isotoma (R. Brown) Endlicher. However, this very broadly construed Laurentia was something of an innovation with Wimmer. Many of the species had been assigned to smaller genera by earlier authors, and that is the classifi- cation preferred by most current workers (e.g., McVaugh, 1940a, 1943; Mason, 1957; Melville, 1960; McComb, 1970; Elliot & Jones, 1990; Chap- man, 1991; Skog, 1991; Lammers, 1993; Morin, 1993; Kartesz, 1994). Here, the Australian species comprise Isotoma (R. Brown) Lindley, the sole West Indian species is segregated as Hippobroma G. Don, and the North American species are assigned to Porterella Torrey and Palmerella A. Gray. As noted by Lammers (1997), this leaves only the Mediterranean and South African species in Lau- rentia. The present paper executes the final dis- memberment of Laurentia, by segregating the spe- cies of these two regions into separate genera. Evidence supporting the generic distinctness of the Mediterranean and South African species was provided in detail by Serra and Crespo (1997) and Crespo et al. (1998). These authors placed partic- ular emphasis on differences in seed morphology: seeds of the South African species are subglobose, lack a strophiole, and are sulcate with flattened walls; those of the Mediterranean species are ellip- soid, strophiolate, and sulcate with keeled walls. The extreme value of seed features in Lobelioideae was first stressed by McVaugh (1936, 1940b) and recently expanded upon by Murata (1992, 1995). The two groups of species were also distinguished by bracteole position (basal in South Africa, medial in the Mediterranean) and by the larger flowers and fruits of the former. Furthermore, in the Mediterranean species, the plants are erect and the flowers solitary in an axillary position (appearing terminal in rosulate species). In contrast, the South African species have decumbent stems with solitary axillary flowers; or if the stems are erect, then the flowers are borne in a 2-15-flowered terminal raceme. As these differences are consonant with differences used to distinguish genera in the subfamily, Serra and Crespo (1997) and Crespo et al. (1998) rec- ognized the Mediterranean and South African spe- cies as two distinct genera. But what names should these genera bear? Mei- kle (1979) published a brief note contending that he name Laurentia was a superfluous renaming of Lobelia. In its place, he adopted the name Solenop- sis C. Presl. Recently, however, Lammers (1997) presented evidence that Laurentia was not illegitimate, and formally proposed that the name be con- served to ensure stability. The type of Laurentia is NovoN 9: 414-418. 1999. This content downloaded from 207.46.13.92 on Wed, 30 Nov 2016 05:08:49 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms
TL;DR: The distribution of Arcytophyllum serpyllaceum is extended from Panama and Costa Rica into Guatemala and southern Mexico, and also records the first collection of H.serpyllacea in Oaxaca.
Abstract: outline, and with a central punctiform hilum. The seeds as shown by scanning electron microscopy are very similar to those of Arcytophyllum muticum (Weddell) Standley, a prostrate, suffruticose species of Costa Rica, Panama, and South America. Seeds of Hedyotideae have been found to be very important in classification (Terrell, 1996). Seeds of Houstonia are crateriform and the hilum is on a hilar ridge (Terrell, 1996), whereas seeds of Hedyotzos serpyllacea are non-crateriform (without ventral depressions or cavities) and lack hilar ridges. Oldenlandia seeds are trigonous or conical and usually much smaller than those of the other genera. Hedyotis as presently recognized includes a heterogeneous array of species, as previously pointed out (Terrell, 1996). I have examined seeds of all of the Western Hemisphere species of Hedyotis, as well as those of many of the Asian species including the type, H. fruticosa L., and all of these seeds differ from those of Hedyotis serpyllacea. A systematic treatment of Arcytophyllum serpyllaceum (Hedyotis serpyllacea) is presented here. This extends the distribution of Arcytophyllum from Panama and Costa Rica into Guatemala and southern Mexico, and also records the first collection of H. serpyllacea in Oaxaca (first noticed by Robert King, cited as Terrell & King 4441).
TL;DR: The first record of a native Triraphis in Brazil and in South America is described as a new species, illustrated, and compared with morphologically similar species in the genus.
Abstract: Triraphis devia Filgueiras & Zuloaga from central Brazil is described as a new species, illustrated, and compared with morphologically similar species in the genus. Anatomical and ecological data are presented together with a biogeographical discussion. A tentative key to all the species of Triraphis is provided. This is the first record of a native Triraphis in Brazil and in South America. During field excursions undertaken by the senior author and collaborators for the Biogeography of the Cerrado Biome project (Felfili et al., 1994) several grass species were collected that could not be identified. One of these grasses is herein described as a new species of Triraphis R. Brown. Triraphis comprises seven species, six of which occur in Africa and one in Australia, always in savanna habitats, often in sandy or stony soils (Clayton & Renvoize, 1986; Watson & Dallwitz, 1992). Triraphis devia Filgueiras & Zuloaga, sp. nov. TYPE: Brazil. Goids: Chapada dos Veadeiros, municipio de Alto Paraiso, ca. 17 km da cidade, em direaio a Colinas de Goiis, 14?09'30"S, 47T39'54"W, ca. 1200 m, ereto, cerca 60 cm de altura, campo limpo, 23 Nov. 1994, T S. Filgueiras & D. Alvarenga 3168 (holotype, IBGE; isotypes, F, ICN, K, MEXU, MO, SI, SP, US). Figures 1, 2. 7T andropogonoidi (Steudel) E. Phillips ex Africa similis autem culmis 12-49 cm longis, laminis 1.8-11.2 cm longis et 1.2-2.8 cm latis, panicula 2-6 cm longa, spiculis 4-8 flosculis absimilis. Densely caespitose perennials. Rhizomes small, knotty. Culms 12-49 cm tall, erect, cylindrical, unbranched in the vegetative portion, delicate, fragile, with 1-2 elongated internodes; internodes 6.5-27.5 cm long, solid, filled with pith, glabrous, striate, stramineous to purplish, nodes darkish, glabrous. Leaves mostly basal, a few cauline; basal leaves strongly imbricate; basal sheaths 3.5-5.5 cm long, strongly keeled, glabrous, both margins hyaline, glabrous; cauline sheaths 3.5-5 cm long, keeled to round at the back, striate, margins hyaline, glabrous to sparsely pilose toward the apex; ligule a dense fringe of hairs, the hairs ca. 0.5 mm long, pale; the ligular hairs longer and denser at the extremities of the ligule; collar undifferentiated; auricles not present; blade 1.8-11.2 cm long and 1.22.8 mm wide, keeled to flat, linear, glabrous on both surfaces or with a few scattered hairs, strongly striate, surface rough, margins denticulate, apex naviculate to subnaviculate, the central nerve occasionally projected beyond the blade into an awn-like structure. Inflorescence an open, terminal panicle, 2-6 cm long and 1.6-4 cm wide (inclusive of awns), with 3-7 spikelets. Pedicels 5-18 mm long, scabrid. Spikelets 6-12 mm long and 5-9 mm wide (inclusive of awns), solitary or paired, laterally compressed, dark to purplish, 4-8-flowered, the apical floret reduced to a sterile lemma; glumes 2, persistent on the pedicel; lower glume 4-4.5 mm long, 1-nerved, rough along the nerve, apex acute, mucronate or aristate; mucro or awn 0.5-2.5 mm long; upper glume 4-4.5 mm long, 1-nerved, thinner than the lower glume, the apex 2-notched, the central nerve projected beyond the body of the glume into a straight mucro or awn, the mucro or awn 0.5-1.5 mm long; rachilla 0.5-0.8 mm long, well developed between the florets, pilose at the base; lemma 4-4.3 mm long, pilose at the base, 3nerved, with 3 awns, two lateral and one terminal; lateral awns 4-5 mm long, originating from the lateral nerves, retrorsely barbed, straight, divergent; central nerve projecting into a straight awn, the awn 3.8-4.2 mm long, retrorsely barbed; apex of lemma deeply 2-notched, the lateral expanses acute to irregularly eroded at the apex; palea 4-4.5 mm long, 0.8-1.1 mm wide, strongly 2-keeled, hyaline, apex 2-notched; lodicules ca. ?2 as long as the ovary, 2, fleshy, glabrous; ovary obconic, stipitate, pale; styles 3; lateral styles 0.5-0.8 mm long; the central NovoN 9: 36-41. 1999. This content downloaded from 207.46.13.57 on Mon, 08 Aug 2016 04:30:42 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms Volume 9, Number 1 1999 Filgueiras & Zuloaga Triraphis devia from Brazil 37 ~v?i 6/ , (ff;1fi, I"'! f ~ 'Y \4/e? /h *'/ y ~ H \j$ i/
TL;DR: Two new large-leaved species of Tovomita are described: T auriculata from Venezuelan and Peruvian Amazon lowland forests, and T foldatsii from Venezuelan Amazon low land forests.
Abstract: Two new large-leaved species of Tovomita are described: T auriculata from Venezuelan and Peruvian Amazon lowland forests, and T foldatsii from Venezuelan Amazon lowland forests. The morphological relationships to related species are discussed. RESUMEN. Se describen dos especies nuevas de Tovomita: T auriculata de los bosques de tierras bajas de la Amazonia de Peri y Venezuela y T foldatsii de los bosques de tierras bajas de la Amazonia venezolana. Se discuten sus relaciones morfol6gicas con especies afines. Tovomita Aublet (Clusiaceae), with about 45 species, is known exclusively from the New World tropics. This genus, one of the most poorly known of the Clusiaceae, is represented in Venezuela by at least 30 species. The two undescribed species were detected during preparation of a treatment of the Tovomita for the Flora of the Venezuelan Gua-
TL;DR: In a recent revision of Chaetostoma, some taxonomic novelties were recognized, and it was found necessary to propose some new combinations and a new species for the genus.
Abstract: Four new combinations in Chaetostoma (C. albiflorum, C. cupressinum, C. selagineum, C. stenocladon,) are proposed, and a new species, Chaetostoma flavum, endemic to the Chapada dos Veadeiros, Goids, Brazil, is described. The new species can be distinguished by its 4-5-locular ovary and antisepalous stamens with prolonged appendages. Chaetostoma DC. is a genus endemic to Brazil comprising 11 species that occur in campo rupestre, campo de altitude, and campo cerrado vegetation in the states of Goids, Distrito Federal, Minas Gerais, with a less considerable representation in Bahia, Rio de Janeiro, Sio Paulo, and Parani. This genus can be distinguished within the tribe Microlicieae, especially with regard to Microlicia D. Don, to which it has the closest affinity, by the combination of the following diagnostic features: carinate, imbricate, and pungent leaves without translucent dots; the mature capsule longer than the hypanthium; and a crown of trichomes around the outward apex of the hypanthium. The distinction between Chaetostoma and Microlicia has been made by Cogniaux (1883, 1891), in the last revision of these genera, on the basis of just one character: the morphology of the stamens, considered equal in both cycles in Chaetostoma and very unequal in Microlicia. This character has proven to be unreliable, and the most striking difference between these genera is in the possession of the crown of trichomes on the hypanthium in all species of Chaetostoma, which is absent in all species of Microlicia. In a recent revision of Chaetostoma (Koschnitzke, 1997), some taxonomic novelties were recognized, and it was found necessary to propose some new combinations and a new species for the genus. Chaetostoma albiflorum (Naudin) Koschnitzke & A. B. Martins, stat. nov. Basionym: Chaetostoma pungens DC. var. albiflorum Naudin, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. Sir. 3, 3: 191. 1845. TYPE: Brazil. Minas Gerais: Serra de Carrancas, 1822, A. St-Hilaire s.n. (holotype, P not seen). Chaetostoma pungens DC. var. pallidiflorum Cogniaux, in Martius, F1. Bras. 14: 32. 1883. Syn. nov. TYPE: Brazil. Minas Gerais: Serra de Itatiaia, Mar. 1839, Riedel s.n. [Martii Herbar. Florae Brasil no. 922] (lectotype, selected here, BR; isolectotypes, BM, G, K, W). Chaetostoma cupressinum (D. Don) Koschnitzke & A. B. Martins, comb. nov. Basionym: Microlicia cupressina D. Don, Mem. Wern. Soc. 4: 302. 1823. TYPE: Brazil. Minas Gerais: 6 May 1819, Sellow 1329 (holotype, BM; isotype, BR). Chaetostoma luteum Cogniaux, in Martius, F1. Bras. 14: 589-590. 1888. Syn. nov. TYPE: Brazil. Minas Gerais: Sao Joao del Rey, Serra do Lenheiro, 24 June 1887, Glaziou 16769 (holotype, B destroyed; lectotype, selected here, BR; isolectotypes, C, F, G, K, MO, P, RB). Chaetostoma lutem Cogniaux var. quadrifarium Cogniaux, in A. DeCandolle & C. DeCandolle, Monogr. Phan. 7: 29. 1891. Syn. nov. TYPE: Brazil. Minas Gerais: Sgo Jolo del Rey, Serra do Lenheiro, 24 Jan. 1889, Glaziou 17503 (holotype, BR; isotypes, BR, C, F, G, K, P, R). Chaetostoma trauninense Cogniaux, in A. DeCandolle & C. DeCandolle, Monogr. Phan. 7: 30. 1891. Syn. nov. TYPE: Brazil. Minas Gerais: Sao Joao del Rey, Serra do Lenheiro, 24 June 1887, Glaziou 16769a (lectotype, selected here, BR; isolectotypes, B, C, F, K, RB). Chaetostoma joannae Cogniaux, in A. DeCandolle & C. DeCandolle, Monogr. Phan. 7: 28. 1891. Syn. nov. TYPE: Brazil. Minas Gerais: Serra do Lenheiro, 1889, Glaziou 17504 (lectotype, selected here, BR; isolectotypes, B, BR, C, F, G, K, P). Chaetostoma selagineum (Naudin) Koschnitzke & A. B. Martins, comb. nov. Basionym: Microlicia selaginea Naudin, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. Sdr. 3, 3: 188. 1845. TYPE: Brazil. Goids: Chapadao, A. St-Hilaire 550 (holotype, P not seen; isotype, F). Chaetostoma stenocladon (Naudin) Koschnitzke & A. B. Martins, comb. nov. Basionym: Microlicia stenocladon Naudin, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. Sdr. 3, 3: 188. 1845. TYPE: Brazil. Goids: Serra dos Pirineus, 17 June 1819, A. St-Hilaire s.n. (holotype, P not seen; isotype, F). NovoN 9: 202-204. 1999. This content downloaded from 157.55.39.173 on Thu, 19 May 2016 05:43:20 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms Volume 9, Number 2 1999 Koschnitzke & Martins Chaetostoma from Brazil 203
TL;DR: A species of Caryodaphnopsis bilocellata, collected in the Cuc Phuong National Park in Vietnam and differing from the other Asian species of the genus in having 2-celled anthers, is described.
Abstract: Caryodaphnopsis bilocellata van der Werff & Dao, collected in the Cuc Phuong National Park in Vietnam and differing from the other Asian species of the genus in having 2-celled anthers, is described. Caryodaphnopsis is a small genus of Lauraceae, characterized by its opposite leaves and strongly unequal tepals, with the outer three much smaller than the inner three. A unique wood anatomical feature of Caryodaphnopsis is the presence of pyramidal, trihydrate calcium oxalate crystals in the ray cells (Richter, 1981). The genus is known from Southeast Asia (southern China, Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia, Indonesia, and the Philippines) and from the Neotropics (Brazil, Peru, Ecuador, Colombia, Panama, and Costa Rica). The Asian species have been revised by Kostermans (1974), who accepted seven species. The six neotropical species were recently described or transferred to Caryodaphnopsis (van der Werff & Richter, 1985; van der Werff, 1986, 1988, 1991; Zamora et al., 1988), but have never been revised. Most species, including all Asian species, have nine 4-celled stamens. However, the neotropical C. inaequalis (A. C. Smith) van der Werff & H. G. Richter has nine 2-celled stamens, and the neotropical C. tomentosa van der Werff has only six 2-celled stamens. Such variation in stamen configuration within the same genus is unusual among Lauraceae, but has been reported in several genera (van der Werff & Richter, 1985). We attach more importance to the opposite leaves, strongly unequal tepals, and the wood anatomy for generic delimitation and accept the variation in stamen numbers and locelli numbers in Caryodaphnopsis. During recent fieldwork in Vietnam, a species of Caryodaphnopsis was found that differed from the other Asian species in having nine 2-celled, and not 4-celled, stamens; its description follows here. Caryodaphnopsis bilocellata van der Werff & Dao, sp. nov. TYPE: Vietnam. Ninh Binh Province: Cuc Phuong National Park, H. van der Werff et al. 14250 (holotype, MO; isotypes, HN, KUN, QRS). Figure 1. A congeneris asiaticis antheris bilocellatis recedit. Trees, 25 m tall. Twigs terete, glabrous; terminal buds glabrous. Leaves opposite, chartaceous, elliptic or ovate-elliptic, 7-18 x 3-9 cm, glabrous on both surfaces, the base obtuse or acute, the apex acute, smaller leaves trinerved, larger leaves slightly triplinerved with the basal lateral veins leaving the midrib ca. 3 mm from above the base of the leaf, the lower surface glaucous, midrib and lateral veins slightly impressed on the upper surface, raised on the lower surface, tertiary venation immersed on both surfaces, petioles 10-14 mm long, glabrous. Inflorescences axillary, 5-15 cm long, glabrous, paniculate-cymosely branched. Flowers hermaphrodite, glabrous, green. Tepals 6, the outer 3 triangular, scale-like, ca. 0.4 mm long, the inner 3 broadly triangular, ca. 1.7 mm long, erect with the tip incurved, glabrous on the outer surface, sparsely pubescent on the inner surface; stamens 9, 2-celled, the outer 6 ca. 0.8 mm long, the filaments ca. 0.4 mm long, pubescent, the anthers glabrous, the locelli opening introrse; inner 3 stamens opening extrorse, 1 mm long, the filaments 0.3 mm long, pubescent, with 2 globose glands attached near the base of the anther; staminodia 3, ca. 0.5 mm long, dorsally pubescent, pressed against the ovary, with a triangular tip; ovary glabrous, 1 mm long, with a slender style; receptacle shallow, glabrous inside. Fruit unknown. Flowers April. Floral measurements were taken from alcoholpreserved material, and floral size of dried flowers will be smaller (for instance, length of inner tepals 1.2 mm). Vegetatively, Caryodaphnopsis bilocellata is quite similar to C. metallica Kostermans and C. henryi Airy Shaw and shares with those species the mostly NovoN 9: 584-586. 1999. This content downloaded from 207.46.13.114 on Thu, 26 May 2016 06:55:05 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms Volume 9, Number 4 1999 van der Werff & Dao Caryodaphnopsis bilocellata from Vietnam 585
TL;DR: While performing floristic surveys along the mountains of the Espinhago Range, in Minas Gerais and Bahia, a new species was found in river margins in the Serra do Cip6 and is presented here.
Abstract: Maytenus rupestris Pirani & CarvalhoOkano, a new species of Celastraceae endemic to the Serra do Cip6, Minas Gerais, Brazil, is described and illustrated. Included in section Maytenus, it is distinct from its congeners (especially from M. boaria Molina) by its ascending, very narrow leaves with revolute margins that are entire or sparsely denticulate on the distal half, and by its few-flowered cymes. Maytenus Molina emend. Molina is one of the largest genera in the Celastraceae, with around 200 pantropical species, mostly South American (Bornstein, 1989). According to Carvalho-Okano (1992), 77 species occur in Brazil, from Amazonia to the south of the country. In the state of Minas Gerais, 14 species occur, 10 belonging to section Maytenus (M. evonymoidis Reissek, M. floribunda Reissek, M. glazioviana Loesener, M. gonoclada Martius, M. imbricata Reissek, M. ligustrina Reissek, M. radlkoferiana Loesener, M. robusta Reissek, M. salicifolia Reissek, and M. urbaniana Loesener), and 4 to section Oxyphylla Loesener (M. acanthophylla Reissek, M. aquifolia Martius, M. comocladiaeformis Reissek, and M. rigida Martius). While performing floristic surveys along the mountains of the Espinhago Range, in Minas Gerais and Bahia, a new species was found in river margins in the Serra do Cip6 and is presented here. (Note: the acronym CFSC = Colegao Flora da Serra do Cip6.) Maytenus rupestris Pirani & Carvalho-Okano, sp. nov. TYPE: Brazil. Minas Gerais: Municipio de Santana do Riacho, Serra do Cip6, Ribeirao Indequic6, Cachoeira do Corndlio, perto da Estrada da Usina, 5 Oct. 1981 (fl), A. Furlan, I. Cordeiro, M. L. Kawasaki & J. R. Pirani CFSC 7506 (holotype, SPF; isotypes, K, NY, RB, SP, VIC). Figure 1. Ab omnibus congeneribus foliis anguste oblongo-ellipticis margine revoluto integerrimo vel ultra medium remote denticulato, cymis brevibus paucifloribus differt. Shrub or small tree, 1-3 m tall, glabrous. Twigs grayish, 4-angled. Leaves alternate, ascending, narrowly oblong-elliptic, apex obtuse or sometimes acute or truncate, often mucronulate, base attenuate and decurrent to the short petiole, margin entire or rarely with 2 very small teeth on the distal part, revolute, in vivo dark green and lustrous on the adaxial face, light green and dull on the abaxial face, in sicco grayish to glaucous on both faces or slightly ochraceous on the abaxial face, 30-80 mm long, 4-8 mm wide; primary vein prominent on both faces at least toward base, venation brochidodromous, secondary veins straight to slightly curved, evident on the abaxial face, obscure on the adaxial face. Stipules 7-10 mm long, triangular, blackish. Inflorescence a reduced cyme with 2-3(-4) flowers, axillary, pedunculate, ramified, 6-14 mm long; bracts triangular, 5-7 mm long, apex acute to acuminate, margin irregularly serrulate. Flowers 5merous, short-pedicellate, cream to greenish colored; sepals ovate, ca. 1 mm long; petals free, oblong, apex rounded, ca. 3 mm long, margin thin and slightly undulate, reflexed at anthesis; stamens 5, alternate with the petals, ca. 2 mm long, filaments flattened, attenuate to the apex, broadened toward base, inserted on the base of the intrastaminal disc, reflexed at anthesis, anthers ovoid, yellow; intrastaminal disc fleshy, 5-lobed, ca. 2 mm diam., margin undulate; gynoecium of 2 fused carpels, the base of the ovary slightly fused to the disc, stigma 2-lobed on a short style. Fruit a loculicidal capsule, ellipsoid to obovoid, apiculate, ca. 10 mm long, ca. 7 mm diam., yellow to orange when ripe, opening in 2 reflexed valves consisting of 2 halves of adjoining carpels; seed 1, erect, completely surrounded by a white, soft aril. NovoN 9: 95-97. 1999. This content downloaded from 157.55.39.127 on Mon, 27 Jun 2016 06:05:15 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms
TL;DR: A new species of Votomita from southern Venezuela is described, illustrated, and distinguished from its relatives on the basis of fruiting material; certain useful floral characters can also be determined from the specimen.
Abstract: A new species of Votomita from southern Venezuela is described, illustrated, and distinguished from its relatives on the basis of fruiting material; certain useful floral characters can also be determined from the specimen. The new species illustrates a general condition in subfamily Memecyleae, i.e., a relatively large number of ovules is produced yet only one or a few large seeds are formed. Ovule and seed numbers are discussed, seed volumes are calculated for Mouriri and Votomita, and possible explanations for the differences are explored. Votomita ventuarensis Morley, sp. nov. TYPE: Venezuela. Terr. Fed. Amazonas: Dept. Atabapo, bosques medios y bajos inundables en el rio Ventuari-Macabana, 4?15'N, 66?20'W, 140 msnm, Sep. 1989, Luz Delgado 594 (holotype, MO; isotype, PORT). Figure 1. Arbor usque 15 m alta; pagina inferior costae mediae anguste 2-alata ad angulos, minute puberula; cryptae stomatatae unaquaeque cavitatibus 1-5; epidermes folii sine pigmento; hypodermis absens; stamina monadelpha; ovarium 4-loculare ovulis 22-25 axillaribus; semen unicum, globosum. Tree to 15 m high, glabrous except for the leaf midrib; young twigs rounded. Petioles 4.5-6 mm long; blades 7.9-12.4 cm long, 4.1-6 cm wide, ovate-elliptic to elliptic, acute at base, abruptly acuminate at the apex with an acuminum 0.7-1 cm long; midrib low-rounded to plane or slightly grooved adaxially when dry, prominent abaxially, flat and winged on the edges, the undermidrib minutely puberulent with hairs 20-40 pm long; lateral nerves when dry faintly visible or invisible adaxially, faintly visible abaxially. Midrib xylem tubular; stomatal crypts 30-36 per mm2 near the margin to 54 near the midrib, with (1-)2-5 cavities each, 50-60 /m high; adaxial epidermis of uniform thickness, 29-31 /tm thick including the cuticle, mostly one cell thick, occasionally two, mucilage walls none, the cytoplasm unpigmented and clear till stained, the inner walls straight and parallel with the outer ones; cuticle thin; abaxial epidermis also unpigmented; hypodermis none; foliar sclereids all terminal on the veinlets, irregularly stellate, often with an irregular horizontal central body 1-4 times as long as wide. Peduncles 1 per side at leafless nodes of twigs 3-4 mm thick below the leaf zone, 10.5-14 mm long with 2 internodes, the lower 0.5-1 mm long, the upper 10-13 mm, 1-flowered; bracts deciduous before fruit formation; pedicels 12-13 mm long in fruit; ovary locules 4, placentation axile, ovules 4-11 per placenta, 22-25 in all; fruits yellow to orange, ellipsoid, crowned with the calyx, 17-18 mm long including calyx by 12-14 mm diam. when dry, 20-21 mm long by 13-16 mm when boiled, the fruiting calyx 6.4-6.7 mm diam., 3-3.3 mm deep, the lobes low-triangular, 0.8-1.2 mm high, 4-5.2 mm wide; seed 1, spheroid, 9.79.9 mm high, 8.8-9.6 mm thick, with an irregularly elliptic raised area (function unknown) ca. 4 mm from the broken chalazal strand, the raised area 6 mm long, 4 mm wide, 0.5-1 mm high, with edges that overhang 0-0.5 mm; the raised area presumably includes the micropyle. Petal scars on the fruit rounded-triangular, 2.3-2.7 mm wide, 0.9-1.2 mm long; stamen scars 8, the filament scars broad, thin, and united, forming a continuous ring 3.2-3.7 mm in outside diam., 0.2-0.5 mm thick, the stamens thus monadelphous; thecae adaxial on the filaments and placed low so that their bases leave imprints 0.9-1.2 mm wide, 0.8-1.0 mm thick radially around the style base, the total stamen thickness at base 1.0-1.3 mm. Distribution. Known only from the type locality east of San Fernando de Atabapo, northwest of central Amazonas, Venezuela. Local name. Cometure tierra firmero. Although the type specimen bears only ripe fruits, the filament scars and anther imprints on the fruits yield useful floral information, and with careful dissection of the 1-seeded fruit (when boiled) all or most of the undeveloped ovules can be found and the nature of the placentation determined, in spite of the compaction and distortion that have taken place. The new species is unique in the genus in its unpigmented epidermises. Further distinctions of this plant from the other species follow, starting NovoN 9: 241-244. 1999. This content downloaded from 40.77.167.42 on Wed, 30 Nov 2016 05:02:53 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms
TL;DR: Cladistic analysis of tribe Amaryllideae using morphological data showed that Hessea resolves within subtribe AmARYllidinae in a terminal clade that includes its actinomorphic-flowered allies, Strumaria Jacquin and Carpolyza Salisbury.
Abstract: Hessea tenuipedicellata, a new graniteloving species from Namaqualand, shares slender, pliant, upwardly curved pedicels, white flowers, and channeled, narrow, tepals with H. stenosiphon (Snijman) D. & U. Muiller-Doblies. Hessea subg. Hessea is amplified to include H. tenuipedicellata and H. stenosiphon, and H. subg. Kamiesbergia (Snijman) Snijman is a new synonym of H. subg. Hessea. In H. subg. Namaquanula (D. & U. MuillerDoblies) Snijman, Namaquanula etesionamibensis D. & U. MUiller-Doblies is a new synonym of Hessea bruce-bayeri (D. & U. Muiller-Doblies) Snijman. Hessea Herbert, a genus of small autumn-flowering plants, is endemic to the winter and autumnrainfall regions of the Nama Karoo, Succulent Karoo, and Fynbos biomes in southern Africa. Cladistic analysis of tribe Amaryllideae using morphological data showed that Hessea resolves within subtribe Amaryllidinae in a terminal clade that includes its actinomorphic-flowered allies, Strumaria Jacquin and Carpolyza Salisbury. The subtribe is recognized by filaments that are connate at the base but are secondarily free in Carpolyza and some species of Strumaria; by seeds that have chlorophyll in the integument; and by stomata on the testa (Snijman & Linder, 1996). Other representatives of the subtribe that are basal to Hessea, Strumaria, and Carpolyza are Amaryllis L., which has unique pink to white seeds, Nerine Herbert, Brunsvigia Heister, and Crossyne Salisbury. Hessea sensu Snijman (1994) is divided into three subgenera that share derived floral characters. The perigone in Hessea is actinomorphic, and this ultimately turns brown and remains open with age, unlike the perigone that becomes deeply pigmented and finally collapses in all other actinomorphic-flowered Amaryllidinae.
TL;DR: The deciduous leaves, narrow corolla tube, and 5 declinate stamens strongly exserted from the corolla place this species in Rhododendron sect.
Abstract: A new species of deciduous azalea, Rhododendron eastmanii, has been discovered in South Carolina, U.S.A. This azalea can be distinguished from the other members of Rhododendron sect. Pentanthera by its distinctive morphology, flowering time, and fragrance. It is presently known only from Orangeburg and Richland counties. A new species of Rhododendron for South Carolina is recognized based on the diagnosability criterion of Davis and Nixon (1992). The deciduous leaves, narrow corolla tube, and 5 declinate stamens strongly exserted from the corolla place this species in Rhododendron sect. Pentanthera G. Don. Within the section, 14 species are currently recognized in North America (Kron, 1993). Known from only two localities in South Carolina, R. eastmanii presently consists of approximately 500 individuals at each site. Rhododendron eastmanii Kron & Creel, sp. nov. TYPE: U.S.A. South Carolina: Orangeburg Co., Santee State Park along Limestone Sink hiking trail, 17 May 1993, Kron 3023 (holotype, WFU; isotypes, MO, USCH, WFU). Figures 1, 2. Species haec a Rhododendron arborescens (Pursh) Torrey differt corolla supra macula aurea, perulis gemmis marginibus glandulosis, ramunculis dense pubescentibus, et floribus fragrantibus. Shrub or small tree to 5 m tall, non-rhizomatous; young twigs usually reddish brown, densely covered with unicellular and multicellular eglandular hairs. Vegetative bud scales glabrous abaxially; margin unicellular-ciliate. Leaf blade membranaceous, ovate or obovate to elliptic, 4.3-7.1 X 1.8-2.9 cm; base acute to oblique; apex acute to obtuse, mucronate; adaxial surface sparsely to densely covered with unicellular hairs, the midvein densely covered with unicellular hairs, multicellular eglandular hairs sparsely scattered on adaxial surface; abaxial surface moderately to densely covered with unicellular hairs and multicellular eglandular hairs, the midvein densely covered with unicellular hairs and multicellular eglandular hairs, 20 veins occasionally with multicellular eglandular hairs; margin entire, ciliate with multicellular eglandular hairs; petioles 0.25-0.70 cm long, densely covered with unicellular hairs and sparsely to densely covered with multicellular eglandular hairs. Flower bud scales chestnut brown; abaxial surface glabrous; margin unicellular-ciliate near apex, glandular along the lower 2/3 of margins. Flowers appearing after the leaves have expanded; inflorescence a shortened raceme of 5-9 flowers. Pedicels 0.5-1.1 cm long, densely covered with unicellular hairs and sparsely to densely covered with multicellular eglandular hairs, occasionally with multicellular glandular hairs. Sepals 0.05-0.1 cm long, often varying in length on the same flower; margins setose with multicellular eglandular hairs; abaxial surface sparsely to densely covered with unicellular hairs and multicellular eglandular hairs, occasionally with a few weakly glandular multicellular hairs. Corolla white with a yellow blotch on the upper corolla lobe and pink-tinged lobes on newly opened flowers, fragrance strong, fresh, and sweet, the tube longer than the limb and gradually expanding into it; upper corolla lobe 0.9-1.7 x 0.8-1.6 cm; lateral lobes 1.1-2.5 x 0.5-1.1 cm; corolla tube 1.3-2.5 cm long, 0.25-0.35 cm wide at base; outer surface of corolla densely covered with unicellular hairs and sparsely to densely covered with multicellular gland-tipped hairs, the glands usually weakly developed; inner surface of corolla densely covered with unicellular hairs. Stamens 4.5-6.7 cm long, with dense flattened unicellular hairs on proximal 2.3-2.7 cm of filament, exserted 2.2-3.5 cm beNovoN 9: 377-380. 1999. This content downloaded from 157.55.39.185 on Thu, 26 May 2016 04:59:19 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms
TL;DR: The unusual degree of variation with- in Hoffmannia populations and the difficulty in clearly defining some Mesoamerican species are discussed.
Abstract: The unusual degree of variation with- in Hoffmannia populations and the difficulty in clearly defining some Mesoamerican species are discussed. Two new species, Hoffmannia dwyeri and H. fortunensis, both endemic to the Chiriquf highlands, are described. Having worked with Hoffmannia for the Flora Costaricensis series (Burger & Taylor, 1993), it seemed appropriate to expand that effort and treat the genus for the Flora Mesoamericana project. Work with the Costa Rican material had indicated that most species in the genus were very variable morphologically, and that making specific distinc- tions in some groups was extremely difficult or ar- bitrary. Unfortunately, studying over 3000 speci- mens of Hoffmannia in the region covered by the Flora Mesoamericana has made these difficulties abundantly clear.
TL;DR: A new species, Leiomitra jULacea, is proposed for the New Zealand Trichocolea julacea, which is invalid according to the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature, and the species is described and illustrated.
Abstract: A new species, Leiomitra julacea, is proposed for the New Zealand Trichocolea julacea, which is invalid according to the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature. The species is described and illustrated. The genus Trichocolea Dumortier is well represented in tropical montane areas and to a lesser extent the south temperate zone. Only a single species, T tomentella (Ehrhart) Dumortier, occurs in temperate areas in the Northern Hemisphere, where it is disjunctly widespread in range. Trichocolea tomentella is the type of the genus. Gottsche (1864: 132) subdivided Trichocolea into two sections, sect. Hirtiflora Gottsche (= sect. Trichocolea) and sect. Laeviflora Gottsche. He characterized section Hirtiflora as having a hairy "involucrum," i.e., the calyptra, which is fused with and surrounded by bracts and bracteoles. Three species were assigned to this section: T tomentella, T mollissima (Hooker f. & Taylor) Gottsche, and T. lanata (Hooker) Nees. The other section, Laeviflora, was defined as having a smooth calyptra, devoid of bracts, and contained one species, T tomentosa (Swartz) Gottsche, which is therefore the type of the section. Lindberg (1875) created a new genus, Leiomitra Lindberg, which included T tomentosa and a new species, L. capillata Lindberg. He distinguished the genus from Trichocolea in part by the lack of regularly pinnate branching, and on the characters cited by Gottsche for Trichocolea sect. Laeviflora. However, Gottsche's section was not cited as a synonym. Leiomitra has been variously treated by subsequent authors. Spruce (1884-1885) recognized Leiomitra as a genus and included four neotropical species: L. tomentosa (Swartz) Lindberg, L. flaccida Spruce, L. sphagnoides Spruce, and L. paraphyllina Spruce. Stephani (1888) and Bescherelle (1893) also accepted the genus. Schiffner (1893-1895) treated Trichocolea as a genus and recognized Gottsche's sections as subgenera; Leiomitra Lindberg was cited as a synonym of subgenus Laeviflora (Gottsche) Schiffner. Schiffner's description of subgenus Hirtiflora (Gottsche) Schiffner emphasized succubously oriented leaves, repeatedly pinnate branching, and the presence of a fleshy, wooly "calyptra" having both bracts and sterile archegonia inserted on it; the subgenus included six species. By contrast, subgenus Laeviflora had incubously oriented leaves, less regularly pinnate branching, and a "calyptra" that was both thin and smooth throughout, or at least in the upper portion. Schiffner included seven primarily neotropical species in subgenus Laevflora, including T tomentosa. Spruce (1895) was the first to treat Leiomitra as a subgenus, subg. Leiomitra (Lindberg) Spruce. Subgenus Laeviflora (Gottsche) Schiffner has less than a three-week priority over subgenus Leiomitra (Lindberg) Spruce (15 January vs. 5 February fide Stafleu & Cowan, 1985). Leiomitra was included as a synonym of Trichocolea, without subgeneric status by, e.g., Stephani (1898-1924), who regarded the two genera as the same on developmental grounds; Verdoorn (1932); Evans (1939); Miller (1951-1958); Hatcher (1957); Fulford (1963); Gradstein (1989); Fulford and Sharp (1990); Gradstein and Florschtitz-de Waard (1990); and Schuster (1966). Little (1949: 10) lectotypified Leiomitra Lindberg with L. tomentosa (while including the genus in the synonymy of Trichocolea). Leiomitra was recognized as a distinct genus by Schuster (1980, 1984) and by Grolle (1983). Schuster and Grolle placed both Trichocolea and Leiomitra in the Trichocoleaceae. Schuster (1963) added a third genus to the Trichocoleaceae, Eotrichocolea Schuster, based on Trichocolea polyacantha (Hooker f. & Taylor) Gottsche et al. of New Zealand. Schuster (1980) discussed interconnections of the Trichocoleaceae with a group of genera that includes Temnoma in the Pseudolepicoleaceae Fulford & J. Taylor, and merged the two families into one family, Trichocoleaceae, with four subfamilies: Trichocoleoideae, Temnomoideae Schuster, Blepharostomatoideae Grolle, and Chaetocoleoideae Schuster (Schuster, 1980, 1984). Hatcher (1958) described Trichocolea julacea Hatcher, based on a plant from Stewart Island, New Zealand. Known only from the protologue, this speNovoN 9: 25-28. 1999. This content downloaded from 157.55.39.83 on Sun, 09 Oct 2016 05:24:34 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms
TL;DR: A new species of Pilocarpus Vahl (Ru- taceae) from Peru is described and illustrated as Piloc Carpus manuensis Skorupa, known only from the type locality in Parque Na- cional Manu, Peru, and resembles PilocARPus de- merarae Sandwith from Guyana.
Abstract: A new species of Pilocarpus Vahl (Ru- taceae) from Peru is described and illustrated as Pilocarpus manuensis Skorupa. The new taxon is known only from the type locality in Parque Na- cional Manu, Peru, and resembles Pilocarpus de- merarae Sandwith from Guyana. Pilocarpus is a Neotropical genus of arborescent and shrubby plants, ranging from southern Mexico to southern South America. Throughout its geo- graphic range it may be found in various habitats, such as the moist Atlantic Forest or dry Caatinga in Brazil. In a recent revision of the genus (Sko- rupa, 1996) 16 species were recognized, including 3 new species from Brazil (Skorupa, 1998) and 1 from Peru. The purpose of this paper is to describe this new Peruvian species.