TL;DR: A deterministic mathematical model was used to describe the production of green microalgae in outdoor mass cultures and it was concluded that appreciable amounts of biomass could be produced for 7 months per year in temperate areas.

TL;DR: In this article, a comprehensive estimate of biomass energy use compared with conventional energy resources for the year 1987 is presented globally and for developed and developing countries, for both developed and emerging countries.

TL;DR: Qualitative analysis of 33 mountain tree and shrub species which grow in the Garhwal Himalaya indicated that temperate species are better suited as fuelwood species as they contain high density wood, low ash content and low N-percentage.

TL;DR: Nineteen strains of bacteria representing 39 genera and one yeast were screened for ability to hydrolyze chitin and the highest ratios were observed for strains in the genera: Bacillus and Serratia, followed by Micrococcus, Aeromonas, Vibrio, Clostridium and Plesiomonas.

TL;DR: A new model, described as step diffusional, is proposed and the results obtained with it are compared with those obtained using previously published models to show a better fit to the experimental result.

TL;DR: The effects of harvesting frequency on productivity, nutrient storage and uptake, and detritus accumulation by water hyacinth cultured outdoors in nutrient-enriched waters were evaluated for a period of 13 months.

TL;DR: In this article, the effect of reducing the lignin content of vine shoots to 1% by treatment with sodium chlorite in an acid medium at 80°C, is reported, and the mass balances of the process under optimum conditions ( temperature = 35° C ; loading rate of 1 g litre −1 digester day −1 ) enabled the percentage of degraded cellulose to be calculated.

TL;DR: Comparison of ID values has shown that the least toxic compounds for C. utilis and C. albicans biomass growth and yield are vanillyl alcohol, conipheryl alcohol and syringic acid, while the most toxic compounds are salicylic acid, cinnamic acid, benzoic acid and o-vanillin.

TL;DR: The technique presented in this report facilitates hardwood clone performance evaluation for a wide variety of desired products.

TL;DR: In this paper, the composition and anaerobic digestibility of products from two different municipal solid waste processing operations were compared, with cellulose constituting approximately 50% by weight.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors summarized work done under the International Energy Agency Activity entitled "Developing the coppicing potential of selected hardwoods" and concluded that there is a need for scientific projects in ecophysiology, anatomy and stand dynamics.

TL;DR: A relatively large number of storing and drying studies of wood fuels have been carried out within the countries participating in the International Energy Agency (IEA) Bioenergy Programme as mentioned in this paper, and the main purpose of the studies has been to contribute to the knowledge of the processes taking place during storing, drying, and to formulated guidelines for practical storage of wood fuel.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors report on the authors' efforts to improve the small farm community welfare in Kenya by promoting biogas technology, which not only guarantees a reliable, renewable energy source, but also provides other benefits, such as cleaner household environments, better working conditions for housewives, etc.

TL;DR: The feasibility of producing biogas by anaerobic digestion of a nitrophilic algae biomass obtained from the highly eutrophicated Venice Lagoon has been investigated and sulphides were formed during digestion but did not appear to cause inhibition or result in a reduction in gas yield.

TL;DR: The effect of nickel ions on biogas production has been investigated in 3-litre fermenters as discussed by the authors, where it was observed that nickel is stimulatory up to 5 ppm with an optimum at 2·5 ppm, in a water hyacinth-bovine excreta substrate.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors compared vertical and near-horizontal (15° angle) packed-bed columns for continuous ethanol fermentation using an alcohol and glucose-tolerant Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain immobilized on to channeled alumina beads (5·0 × 10 9 cells g −1 beads).

TL;DR: Results indicate that the reactor should be innoculated by feeding nutrient-balanced substrate before it was subjected to the digestion of baker's yeast wastewater, and the reactor with fully developed active biomass was less susceptible to sulfate inhibition and showed improved anaerobic digestion.

TL;DR: In this article, the characterization of residual wood fractions by standard, thermal (thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry) and spectroscopic (diffuse reflectance Fourier transform infrared) methods is presented.

TL;DR: Anaerobic treatment of cheese whey using a 17·5 litre upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor was investigated in the laboratory over a range of influent concentration from 4·5 to 38·1 g COD litre−1 at a constant hydraulic retention time of 5 days, and showed two distinct reaction phases, acidogenic and methanogenic.

TL;DR: Based on 53 tree analyses and 105 sample plots of Eucalyptus globulus, models for volume and biomass at single tree and stand levels were developed and the maximum mean annual increment was reached in seedling stands at the age of 18–19 years, and in coppice stands atThe age of 14 years.

TL;DR: In this paper, a cornstarch processing plant was converted directly into heavy oil by mixing with sodium carbonate, and heating to temperatures ranging between 225 and 340°C with holding times of up to 120 min under a pressurized nitrogen atmosphere.

TL;DR: In this article, the effect of sulfate removal from molasses wastewater on anaerobic digestion was studied using two reactors, one with an active biomass and the other without attached biomass.

TL;DR: In this article, the consolidation stage in the compaction of fibrous agricultural materials in an extrusion press has been analyzed in order to provide design equations for the optimal choice of die length and estimation of the pulsation domain (region of the die where the material expands and is recompacted repeatedly), for minimisation of die wear.

TL;DR: In this article, Bhabinarayanpur, an agriculture-based village on the east coast of India, was studied as an ecosystem during 1985-1987, and the above-ground biomass productivity, its consumption pattern by human beings and livestock, and its imports and exports, along with non-biomass sources in the ecosystem, were studied.

TL;DR: The poplar breeding programme in Belgium, biomass production possibilities, clones exchanged, current outstanding problems, and provisional results are discussed.

TL;DR: The International Energy Agency (IEA) Task IV (Bioconversion of Lignocellulosics) as discussed by the authors was the first to consider the commercial viability of a bioconversion process.

TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of harvesting practices on long-term site productivity are predicted using empirical field trials and process studies, and the information from such trials should be extended to other sites through computer models or site classification systems.

TL;DR: In this article, an energy flow model for the Bhabinarayanpur village ecosystem was also prepared, which showed that the village was an open and self-insufficient ecosystem and that 97·6% of the total fuel energy consumption during the year was derived directly or indirectly from biomass.

TL;DR: In this article, an entrained-flow pyrolysis reactor using oak as the feed is described and a model of the reactor based on the numerical solution of simultaneous differential equations is discussed.