Zenergy Power has been developing an inductive-type of fault current limiter (FCL) for electric power grid applications. The FCL employs a magnetically saturating reactor concept which acts as a variable inductor in an electric circuit. In March 2009 Zenergy Power, with funding from the California Energy Commission and the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), installed an FCL in the Avanti distribution circuit of Southern California Edison's Shandin substation in San Bernardino, CA. Rated at 15 kV and 1,250 amperes steady-state, the “Avanti” device is the first superconductor FCL installed in a US utility. In January 2010, the “Avanti” device successfully limited its first series of real-world faults when the circuit experienced multiple single-phase and three-phase faults. After successfully validating the performance of a new “compact” saturated-core FCL, Zenergy Power received contracts to install a 12 kV, 1,250 amperes compact FCL in the CE Electric UK grid in early 2011 and a 138 kV, 1,300 amperes FCL at the Tidd substation of American Electric Power in late 2011.

Development and Deployment of Saturated-Core Fault Current Limiters in Distribution and Transmission Substations

This report presents efforts for introducing a hybrid superconducting fault current limiter (SFCL) associated with the substation upgrade in the Korea Electric Power Corporation (KEPCO) grid and points at issue on the utility demands. The substation upgrade includes replacement of 154 kV/22.9 kV main transformers and applying 22.9 kV/3 kA SFCLs to protect them. The SFCL is expected to meet not only the general requirements, but also such local conditions as (1) small size to be installed in an in-house substation, (2) sustainable current limitation without the power line breaking by circuit breakers (CB) for maximum 2 seconds. Optionally, recommended are (3) the reclosing capability and semi-active function. Different types of currently developed SFCLs have been examined associated with the conditions. We have proposed a hybrid SFCL of first peak non-limiting type, which potentially fulfills all the local conditions. As an intermediate step, a 22.9 kV/630 A hybrid SFCL was built. This SFCL meets the field requirements of the size limit, 1.5 seconds sustainability of current limitation, 0.3 s reclosing capability and semi-active function. The upgraded hybrid SFCL will be installed in the KEPCO's test line for operation tests. There are two major test targets; long term operation test of the SFCL and protection coordination test using artificial faults.

Introduction of a Hybrid SFCL in KEPCO Grid and Local Points at Issue

Protection of multi-terminal and distributed DC systems: Design challenges and techniques

Superconducting fault current limiters for HVDC systems

After we developed a saturated iron core type 35 kV/90 MVA superconductive fault current limiter and installed the device in a transmission network at Puji substation of China Southern Power Grid for live-grid operation in 2007, we continued our efforts in advancing this technology. A 220 kV/300 MVA device has been designed, manufactured and factory tested. This device differs from the 35 kV device in its form of electrical insulation even though the two devices have the same working principle and similar core structure. Improvements in the dc magnetization circuit and the cryogenic system were also achieved. This 220 kV/300 MVA superconductive fault current limiter has been installed and has passed all field tests at Shigezhuang substation in Tianjin, China. Trial operation is underway. This paper introduces the major design parameters, key functional specifications and some testing results of the device.

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0953-2048/25/10/105011/pdf

Development of a 220?kV/300?MVA superconductive fault current limiter

We developed a saturated iron-core type 35 kV/90 MVA superconductive fault current limiter and installed the device in a transmission network at Puji substation of China Southern Power Grid for live-grid operation. Innovative design in the iron-core configuration ensures that the device has low impedance in normal power transmission and sufficiently high impedance for a fault current limiting action. A magnetization control circuit allows the iron-core to be saturated or de-saturated depending upon the functional requirements. An energy release and voltage-surge protection unit can promptly discharge the magnetic energy accumulated in the iron-core and suppress the induced and surge voltages of the dc circuit in a current limiting event. This device has been designed to reduce the magnitude of a fault current by about 50%, which will prevent the breaking capacity of the existing circuit breakers in the transmission network from being exceeded in the predictable future. This article presents structural and functional specifications and reports up-to-date live-grid operation data of the device.

Manufacturing and Test of a 35 kV/90 MVA Saturated Iron-Core Type Superconductive Fault Current Limiter for Live-Grid Operation

Popular Tasks used by Researchers

How can I help with your research?

Get more enhanced response by uploading the PDFs you want me to reference.

No relevant PDFs in your library

SciSpace is the AI research assistant for academics. Run systematic literature reviews on 280M+ papers, and write papers with cited sources. Trusted by 1M+ students, PhDs & researchers.

SciSpace | AI for Research

We encountered an error while loading the panel. Please try refreshing the page.

Something went wrong

Analyze PDFs

Code & Manuscripts

Funding & Grants

Literature & Patents

Medical & Clinical Data

Systematic Review

Visualize & Present

Web & Data

Build a Google Scholar-like website for your research.

Build a website

Create charts and images for your research

Create a Chart

Write a paper for submission to a journal

Draft a manuscript

Patent Search

Design eye-catching scientific posters in minutes.

Scientific Poster Generation

Systematic Literature Review

Anyone with the link can view this chat. You can switch it back to private anytime.

One task is running at the moment. Your messages will be shown right after.

Drag and drop or click here to browse

Loved by <highlight>1 million+</highlight> researchers

Extract a list of specific topics and their sources from unstructured text

Topics

Compare and analyze relevant papers that matches with your search

Papers

Get insights from PDFs and bookmarked papers from your library

My library

Recent searches

Try searching for:

Catch AI-generated content in scholarly and non-scholarly content

{ai} Detector

Ai Writer

Get PDF Summaries, highlighted text explanations 

Chat with PDF

Effortlessly create in-text citations and bibliographies in APA and 2,500 other formats

Citation generator

Get explanations, summaries, and answers on academic papers

Ease up your research workflow with {scispace}'s cohort of exciting AI tools

Elevate your academic writing skills and convey your ideas the way you want

Paraphraser

Explore our range of reading and writing tools

Your file is being prepared and should be ready in a few minutes. If it's a large file, it might take a bit longer. You can close this window, and we'll email you the file when it's done.

You have reached a maximum limit of <strong>{limit}</strong> columns in the table. Remove at least <strong>1</strong> column to add or create another one.

Z.J. Cao

Author Tools

Chat about Author

Papers

Manufacturing and Test of a 35 kV/90 MVA Saturated Iron-Core Type Superconductive Fault Current Limiter for Live-Grid Operation