Vibration and noise control using shunted piezoelectric transducers: A review

Considering the number of applications, and the quantity of research conducted over the past few decades, it wouldn't be an overstatement to label the piezoelectric materials as the cream of the crop of the smart materials. Among the various smart materials, the piezoelectric materials have emerged as the most researched material for practical applications. They owe it to a few key factors like low cost, large frequency bandwidth of operation, availability in many forms, and the simplicity offered in handling and implementation. For piezoelectric materials, from an application standpoint, the area of active control of vibration, noise, and flow, stands, alongside energy harvesting, as the most researched field. Over the past three decades, several authors have used piezoelectric materials as sensors and actuators, to (i) actively control structural vibrations, noise and aeroelastic flutter, (ii) actively reduce buffeting, and (iii) regulate the separation of flows. These studies are spread over several engineering disciplines-starting from large space structures, to civil structures, to helicopters and airplanes, to computer hard disk drives. This review is an attempt to concise the progress made in all these fields by exclusively highlighting the application of the piezoelectric material. The research carried out in the past five years, in the areas of modeling, and optimal positioning of piezoelectric actuators/sensors, for active vibration control, are covered. Along with this, investigations into different control algorithms, for the piezoelectric based active vibration control, are also reviewed. Studies reporting the use of piezoelectric modal filtering and self sensing actuators, for active vibration control, are also surveyed. Additionally, research on semi-active vibration control techniques like the synchronized switched damping (on elements like resistor, inductor, voltage source, negative capacitor) has also been covered

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1361-665X/ab7541/pdf

Review on the use of piezoelectric materials for active vibration, noise, and flow control

The continuous progress made in wearable energy harvesting technology is delivering sophisticated devices with increasing power outputs, which are possible to provide sustainable energy supply for body sensors to achieve energy-autonomous wireless sensing systems. This paper reports the development and characterisation of a wearable energy harvesting powered wireless sensing system with system-level strategies to address the challenges in energy harvesting, power conditioning, wireless sensing and their integration into a system. The system comprises four parts: (1) a magnetically plucked wearable knee-joint energy harvester (Mag-WKEH) to scavenge energy from knee-joint motions during human walking, (2) a power management module (PMM) with a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) function, (3) an energy-aware interface (EAI) for dealing with the mismatch between the energy generated and demanded, and (4) an energy-aware wireless sensor node (WSN) for data sensing and transmitting. Experiments were performed with a human subject wearing the system and walking on a treadmill at different speeds. The experimental results showed that as the walking speed increased from 3 to 7 km/h, the power output of the Mag-WKEH increased from 1.9 ± 0.12 to 4.5 ± 0.35 mW, and the generated power was able to power the WSN to work at duty cycles from 6.6 ± 0.36% to 13 ± 0.5% with an active time of 2.0 ± 0.1s. In each active time, the WSN was able to sample 482 readings with an interval of 10 ms from the sensors and transmit all data to a base station at a distance of 4 m.

/pdf/energy-harvesting-during-human-walking-to-power-a-wireless-3ws699mtzl.pdf

Energy harvesting during human walking to power a wireless sensor node

In order to efficiently extract power from piezoelectric vibration energy harvesters, various active rectifiers have been proposed in the past decade, which include synchronized switch harvesting on inductor (SSHI), synchronous electric charge extraction (SECE), and so on. Although reported active rectifiers show good performance improvements compared to full-bridge rectifiers (FBRs), large off-chip inductors are typically required and the system volume is inevitably increased as a result, counter to the requirement for system miniaturization. In this paper, a fully integrated split-electrode synchronized switch harvesting on capacitors (SSHC) rectifier is proposed, which achieves significant performance enhancement without employing any off-chip components. The proposed circuit is designed and fabricated in a 0.18- $\mu \text{m}$ CMOS process and it is co-integrated with a custom microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) piezoelectric transducer with its electrode layer equally split into four regions. The measured results show that the proposed rectifier can provide up to 8.2 $\times $ and 5.2 $\times $ boost, using on-chip and off-chip diodes, respectively, in harvested power compared to an FBR under low excitation levels and the peak rectified output power achieves 186 $\mu \text{W}$ .

/pdf/a-fully-integrated-split-electrode-sshc-rectifier-for-2109hbycua.pdf

A Fully Integrated Split-Electrode SSHC Rectifier for Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting

Piezoelectric energy harvesters scavenging energy from the environment have been a promising solution to satisfy the increasing power demand in wireless sensor nodes. Power conditioning circuits for piezoelectric energy harvesters are a burgeoning technology widely disclosed in literature since 2001; however, there is still no complete overview available, which exhaustively describes the cutting-edge status of the research on power conditioning for piezoelectric energy harvesters. This paper aims at providing a more complete review on the state-of-the-art piezoelectric energy harvesting interfaces. A systematic categorization of the piezoelectric energy harvesting approaches is presented, based on the qualitative working principle, adopted control scheme, and employed components. The presented power conditioning interfaces are commented and discussed in detail, addressing the strengths and weaknesses based on the achieved results. Furthermore, this paper performs a critical comparison of state-of-the-art techniques by employing seven criteria to evaluate the performance of an energy harvesting system. The observed trend in this field is to design harvesting rectification schemes by employing Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) algorithms to achieve a high Power Conversion Efficiency (PCE) and, resonant rectification techniques to harvest efficiently energy from wide-band excitations.

State-of-the-Art Power Management Circuits for Piezoelectric Energy Harvesters

Energy harvesting systems are interesting for use in remote power supplies. Many such systems utilize the motion or deformation associated with vibration, converting the mechanical energy to electrical energy, and supplying power to other electronic devices. In terms of energy harvesting from mechanical vibrations, piezoelectric conversion has received much attention as it can directly convert applied strain energy into useable electric energy and easily be integrated into a microsystem. The removal of mechanical energy from a vibrating structure necessarily leads to a damping effect. This paper addresses the damping associated with a piezoelectric energy harvesting system which is called the adaptive synchronized switching harvesting (ASSH) technique. Furthermore, a self-powered circuit which implements the technique (ASSH) is proposed, which validates that the new technique can be truly self-powered. Experimental results show that the vibration amplitudes of the first two modes are reduced by about 9.27 dB and 0.96 dB in the case of the exciting signal of same amplitude ratio (3:3), respectively. Compared with other self-powered vibration damping technique, this technique not only shows its robustness, but also harvests the energy and supply power to other electronic circuits.

Multimode vibration damping as a result of piezoelectric energy harvesting

Self-powered semi-passive vibration damping system based on the self-sensing approach

In recent years, semi-passive vibration damping using Synchronized Switching Damping on Inductor (SSDI) technique has been intensively investigated. In this paper, a self-powered semi-passive vibration damping system based on self sensing approach is proposed and investigated. With the self-sensing technique, the same piezoelectric element can be used as a sensor and an actuator. Compared with the other self-powered SSDI approaches, this technique can not only detect switching time without lag, but also reduce the number of piezoelectric elements. Furthermore, a low-power circuit for semi-passive piezoelectric vibration control based on self-sensing technique is designed. Experimental results demonstrate that the self-sensing SSDI system has good damping performance. The performance of the self-sensing SSDI system is also compared with the externally powered system.

Self-powered semi-passive vibration damping system based on self-sensing approach

This paper proposes a new energy harvesting architecture that optimizes the energy conversion under broadband vibrations, which is called adaptive synchronized switch harvesting (ASSH) technique This technique is derived from the enhanced synchronized switch harvesting (ESSH) technique and based on a new and effective switch control law, which can prevent the switch in energy transferring circuit from over-frequent on-and-off and accordingly enhance the extracted power under multimode vibration Compared with the ESSH technique, theoretical and experimental results demonstrate the new technique can improve electromechanical conversion efficiency when the piezoelectric energy harvester is excited under two-mode vibration, especially in the case of higher vibration amplitude of the second mode The extracted power with the new technique is more than three times the ESSH technique in the case of the exciting signal of amplitude ratio (3:6) Furthermore, a self-powered circuit which implements the technique (ASSH) is proposed, which validates that the new technique can be truly self-powered, thus addressing the issue of harvesting environmental energy by autonomous devices

Adaptive synchronized switch harvesting: A new piezoelectric energy harvesting scheme for wideband vibrations

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Multimode vibration damping as a result of piezoelectric energy harvesting

Self-powered semi-passive vibration damping system based on the self-sensing approach

Self-powered semi-passive vibration damping system based on self-sensing approach

Adaptive synchronized switch harvesting: A new piezoelectric energy harvesting scheme for wideband vibrations