Effective removal of cationic dyes using carboxylate-functionalized cellulose nanocrystals.

Lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors have great potential as power supplies in portable electronic devices and electric vehicles. Their performance depends greatly on the properties of electrode materials. Many attempts have been devoted to the development of new electrode materials with advanced electrochemical performances. Due to their high theoretical specific capacitance, low cost and non-toxicity, iron-based materials are considered as very promising candidates for anode materials. However, low electrical conductivity and poor cycle stability are two major problems plaguing iron-based materials. Nanomaterial design has emerged as a promising solution to these fundamental issues in LIBs and SCs. Here, we review the synthesis of iron oxide (Fe2O3 and Fe3O4) nanomaterials with various structures, including 1D (nanorods, nanowires, and nanotubes), 2D (nanosheets) and 3D (nanospheres, hollow nanostructures, flower-like structures, and nanoarrays). Nanocomposites, consisting of iron oxides and different supports (such as carbonaceous materials, other metal oxides, and polymers), are also covered in this review. Furthermore, the synthesis and structural characteristics of iron hydroxides (FeOOH) and iron sulfides (FeS2) will also be elaborated. Finally, applications of iron-based nanomaterials in LIBs and SCs are summarized. Ultimately, we wish to provide an in-depth and reasonable understanding of how to effectively improve the electrochemical performance of iron-based anodes by selecting suitable nanostructures and optimizing their chemical compositions. Hopefully, these concepts and strategies can be extended to other nanomaterials, as a reference for future development in the areas of energy conversion, storage and environmental protection.

Synthesis and application of iron-based nanomaterials as anodes of lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors

A novel composite material (MCNC@Zn-BTC) is synthesized from magnetic cellulose nanocrystals (MCNC) and a metal–organic framework (MOF), based on Zn(II) and benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylic acid (Zn-BTC), using a simple mechanical agitation method at room temperature. The developed MCNC@Zn-BTC was characterized by SEM, TEM, FTIR, XRD, XPS, and VSM instruments. The impact of MCNC@Zn-BTC dose, initial Pb(II) concentration, contact time, pH, and adsorption temperature have been explored. Results demonstrated that only 30 min was needed to achieve the adsorption equilibrium; the maximum adsorption capacity was 558.66 mg/g at 298.2 K. Besides, data obtained were fitted to a Langmuir isotherm model (R2 = 0.9890), and the adsorption kinetics followed a pseudo-second-order model. In addition, the removal (%) of Pb(II) remained greater than 80% after five recycled times. Therefore, the novel MCNC@Zn-BTC adsorbent displays great potential to improve the quality of environmental water contaminated with heavy metals.

Fabrication of a Magnetic Cellulose Nanocrystal/Metal–Organic Framework Composite for Removal of Pb(II) from Water

Conducting polymers, such as polyaniline and polypyrrole, have frequently been discussed in the literature due to ease of preparation and high application potential. These polymers have been observed to interact with organic dyes because of the similarity in the conjugated molecular structure of both moieties. The interaction manifests itself in three fundamental directions that have been so far treated separately. The first is represented by the conductivity enhancement and morphology control when using organic dyes as templates in polypyrrole preparation. The adsorption of dyes on conducting polymers is the second field oriented at the water pollution treatment. Finally, the photocatalytic decomposition of organic dyes aims at the similar environmental target. The last two applications do not require the presence of conductivity which, on the other hand, is a key parameter of conducting polymers. The future design of advanced adsorbents, however, has to exploit both the conductivity and electroactivity in the control of pollutant adsorption or degradation. For this reason, all these interactions and their practical impact are considered in the present review.

Interaction of conducting polymers, polyaniline and polypyrrole, with organic dyes: polymer morphology control, dye adsorption and photocatalytic decomposition

A review on polyaniline-based materials applications in heavy metals removal and catalytic processes

An ultrasound-assisted advanced oxidation process (AOP) has been demonstrated for sonocatalytic degradation of methyl orange (MO) with Fe3O4/polyaniline (Fe3O4/PANI) microspheres in near neutral solution (pH ∼6). The Fe3O4/PANI microspheres were characterized with XRD, SEM, TEM, FT-IR, XPS, and ζ-potential measurements, and were further tested in the role of adsorption and sonocatalytic decolorization of MO in solution. The isotherms and kinetics of MO adsorption with Fe3O4/PANI follow the Langmuir model and the pseudo-second-order model, respectively. The kinetics of sonocatalytic decolorization of MO with Fe3O4/PANI conforms to a combinational model involving the pseudo-second-order adsorption model and the pseudo-first-order degradation model, since Fe3O4/PANI has a high capacity to adsorb MO in solution. The percentage of room-temperature sonocatalytic degradation of MO with Fe3O4/PANI is about 4.8, 8.8, and 5.7 times that with Fe3O4, dedoped Fe3O4/PANI, and ultrasonication alone, respectively. The ec...

Ultrasound-Assisted Catalytic Degradation of Methyl Orange with Fe3O4/Polyaniline in Near Neutral Solution

Dedoped Fe3O4/PPy nanocomposite with high anti-interfering ability for effective separation of Ag(I) from mixed metal-ion solution

Conjugation of methotrexate onto dedoped Fe3O4/PPy nanospheres to produce magnetic targeting drug with controlled drug release and targeting specificity for HeLa cells

Hierarchically structured Fe3O4/C nanosheets for effective lithium-ion storage

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Ultrasound-Assisted Catalytic Degradation of Methyl Orange with Fe3O4/Polyaniline in Near Neutral Solution

Dedoped Fe3O4/PPy nanocomposite with high anti-interfering ability for effective separation of Ag(I) from mixed metal-ion solution

Conjugation of methotrexate onto dedoped Fe3O4/PPy nanospheres to produce magnetic targeting drug with controlled drug release and targeting specificity for HeLa cells

Hierarchically structured Fe3O4/C nanosheets for effective lithium-ion storage