Dead-time compensators: A survey

Unified approach for robust dead-time compensator design

Analytical design of two-degree-of-freedom control scheme for open-loop unstable processes with time delay

Active disturbance rejection control (ADRC) has been shown to be an effective tool in dealing with real world problems of dynamic uncertainties, disturbances, nonlinearities, etc. This paper addresses its existing limitations with plants that have a large transport delay. In particular, to overcome the delay, the extended state observer (ESO) in ADRC is modified to form a predictive ADRC, leading to significant improvements in the transient response and stability characteristics, as shown in extensive simulation studies and hardware-in-the-loop tests, as well as in the frequency response analysis. In this research, it is assumed that the amount of delay is approximately known, as is the approximated model of the plant. Even with such uncharacteristic assumptions for ADRC, the proposed method still exhibits significant improvements in both performance and robustness over the existing methods such as the dead-time compensator based on disturbance observer and the Filtered Smith Predictor, in the context of some well-known problems of chemical reactor and boiler control problems.

Predictive active disturbance rejection control for processes with time delay

Using the direct synthesis method, a PID controller in series with a lead/lag compensator is designed for control of open loop integrating processes with time delay. Set-point weighting is considered for reducing the undesirable overshoot. Guidelines are provided for selection of the desired closed loop tuning parameter in the direct synthesis method and set point weighting parameter. The method gives significant load disturbance rejection performances. Illustrative examples are considered to show the performances of the proposed method. Significant improvement is obtained when compared to recently reported methods.

Direct synthesis-based controller design for integrating processes with time delay

This paper studies an internal model control (IMC) based single-loop controller design method to find the feedback controller in either proportional−integral−derivative or high-order form for unstable processes with time delay. The performance limitation of implementing the IMC controller in an equivalent feedback structure for an open-loop unstable process has been addressed. The proposed method is generally applicable to a wide range of unstable processes and can be made automatic for online tuning.

IMC-Based Control System Design for Unstable Processes

In this paper, a new modified Smith predictor using a rapid load estimator scheme is proposed. The advantage of the design is that the load estimator does not involve the solution of a closed-loop equation that contains dead time, and this can achieve a better load disturbance response. This scheme can be easily extended to the case of double integrators. Robust stability of the proposed method is analyzed, and a simple and effective robust controller design rule is derived. It is demonstrated by simulations that the new controller provides a similar or better setpoint response and a faster load disturbance rejection than the dead-time compensator in other papers.

A modified Smith predictor for a process with an integrator and long dead time

In this paper, a design method for multivariable controllers in a unit output feedback configuration is presented. With the internal model control (IMC) principles, the objective closed-loop transfer functions are characterized in terms of process unavoidable non-minimum phase elements. A multivariable controller for best achievable performance is obtained with block diagram analysis and model reduction. The proposed design provides users with an option to choose between PID and high-order controllers to suit applications better. Stability and robustness are analyzed and simulation is provided to substantiate the superior performance of the proposed method.

IMC-Based Controller Design for MIMO Systems

In this paper, a new IMC-based PID controller design is proposed. The model reduction is employed to find the best PID controller approximation to the IMC controller. Compared with the existing IMC-based methods, the proposed design is applicable to a wider range of processes, and yields a control system with performance closer to the more sophisticated IMC counterpart. Furthermore, it can be made automatic for on-line tuning. And this design procedure can be readily extended to MIMO systems.

PID controller design via IMC principles

A modified smith predictor for a process with an integrator and long dead-time

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