Abstract Background Baiku Yao is an ancient branch of the Yao people in China who have the custom of maintaining homegardens. The local government has relocated some villagers to improve their livelihood. To study the characteristics of Baiku Yao homegardens and the impact of relocation, we conducted an ethnobotanical study on homegardens in the relocated villages of Huaili and Yaozhai and in the ancient villages of Yaoshan and Duonu from January 2019 to May 2022. Method Data on homegarden plants were collected through semi-structured interviews with homegarden households. A total of 4 villages (i.e., two relocated and two ancient villages) were selected for detailed investigation. In each village, 60 homegardens were chosen randomly. In addition, the RFC index and Jaccard value were used to analyze and evaluate the homegarden plants we recorded. Result The study recorded a total of 213 species of homegarden plants with approximately 11 functions. Baiku Yao homegardens are small in size but rich in species and functions, and their utilization efficiency is extremely high. The Jaccard value shows that the homegarden plants in Huaili and Yaozhai have the highest similarity. Neighborhood sharing and market purchasing are the two most important sources of local homegarden plants. Additionally, medicine and food are the two most important uses of homegarden plants. Ornamental plants also play a significant part, especially in relocated villages. The comparisons indicate that the diversity of homegarden plants in the investigated ancient villages is better preserved than in relocated villages. Due to frequent exchanges between the villages and the outside world, Yaoshan Village, as an older relocated village, maintains a good traditional culture in its homegardens. As a newly relocated village, Duonu Community has developed a complicated homegarden system with only much less plant diversity. The development of local tourism has also impacted the composition of homegarden plants. The study found that plants such as Zea mays , Morus alba , and Capsicum annuum are closely related to local life and livelihood. Conclusion The traditional knowledge of homegarden plants in investigated ancient villiages maintained good diversity and has been affected much less by the modernization and tourism industry development compared to the relocated villages. The composition of homegarden plants is closely connected to the local livelihood. In the future development of Baiku Yao communities, protecting homegarden plant diversity and functional diversity is crucial. 

/pdf/changes-in-homegardens-in-relocation-villages-a-case-study-2hbrz4vs.pdf

Changes in homegardens in relocation villages, a case study in the Baiku Yao area in Southern China

Background The study of genetic polymorphisms of surfactant-lipids related genes can help to understand individual variability in the susceptibility to development of pulmonary pathologies. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association of polymorphisms of surfactant-lipids related genes (LPCAT1, CHPT1 and PCYT1B) with the risk/severity of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) in preterm neonates among the Chinese Han population in Southern China. Methods Four hundred and forty-six preterm neonates were enrolled in a case-control study. Six polymorphisms of 3 genes were analyzed by PCR amplification of genomic DNA and genotyping was performed using an improved multiplex ligation detection reaction (iMLDR) technique based on LDR. Results The GG genotype and G allele of LPCAT1-rs9728 were found less frequently in the RDS group than in the controls (11.5% vs. 22.0% and 38.3% vs. 48.2%, respectively) (p Conclusion This report is the first study to evaluate a direct genetic association between polymorphisms of LPCAT1 and RDS development in Chinese Han preterm infants. Our study raises the possibility that a genetic variation of LPCAT1 could be implicated in the pathophysiology of RDS in preterm neonates. GG genotype and G allele of rs9728 are protective factors for the development of RDS in preterm infants.

Genetic Polymorphisms of LPCAT1, CHPT1 and PCYT1B and Risk of Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome among a Chinese Han Population

Rotavirus group A (RVA) is a main pathogen causing diarrheal diseases in humans and animals. Various genotypes are prevalent in the Chinese pig herd. The genetic diversity of RVA lead to distinctly characteristics. In the present study, a porcine RVA strain, named AHFY2022, was successfully isolated from the small intestine tissue of piglets with severe diarrhea. The AHFY2022 strain was identified by cytopathic effects (CPE) observation, indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA), electron microscopy (EM), high-throughput sequencing, and pathogenesis to piglets. The genomic investigation using NGS data revealed that AHFY2022 exhibited the genotypes G9-P[23]-I5-R1-C1-M1-A8-N1-T1-E1-H1, using the online platform the Bacterial and Viral Bioinformatics Resource Center (BV-BRC) (https://www.bv-brc.org/). Moreover, experimental inoculation in 5-day-old and 27-day-old piglets demonstrated that AHFY2022 caused severe diarrhea, fecal shedding, small intestinal villi damage, and colonization in all challenged piglets. Taken together, our results detailed the virological features of the porcine rotavirus G9P[23] from China, including the whole-genome sequences, genotypes, growth kinetics in MA104 cells and the pathogenicity in suckling piglets. 

Isolation and characterization of a G9P[23] porcine rotavirus strain AHFY2022 in China.

Inflammatory processes are key drivers of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), a chronic lung disease in preterm infants. In a large sample, we verify previously reported associations of genetic variants of immunology-related genes with BPD. Preterm infants with a gestational age ≤32 weeks from PROGRESS and the German Neonatal Network (GNN) were included. Through a consensus case/control definition, 278 BPD cases and 670 controls were identified. We identified 49 immunity-related genes and 55 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) previously associated with BPD through a comprehensive literature survey. Additionally, a quantitative genetic association analysis regarding oxygen supplements, mechanical ventilation, and continuous positive air pressure (CPAP) was performed. Five candidate SNPs were nominally associated with BPD-related phenotypes with effect directions not conflicting the original studies: rs11265269-CRP, rs1427793-NUAK1, rs2229569-SELL, rs1883617-VNN2, and rs4148913-CHST3. Four of these genes are involved in cell adhesion. Extending our analysis to all well-imputed SNPs of all candidate genes, the strongest association was rs45538638-ABCA3 with CPAP (p = 4.9 × 10−7, FDR = 0.004), an ABC transporter involved in surfactant formation. Most of the previously reported associations could not be replicated. We found additional support for SNPs in CRP, NUAK1, SELL, VNN2, and ABCA3. Larger studies and meta-analyses are required to corroborate these findings.

/pdf/verification-of-immunology-related-genetic-associations-in-pxuu6vg89w.pdf

Verification of immunology-related genetic associations in BPD supports ABCA3 and five other genes.

Currently, researches are being actively carried out to identify genetic risk factors for the development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in premature infants, including genetic polymorphism encoding surfactants, matrix metalloproteinases, cytokines, growth factors, and components of the body’s antioxidant defence. The review presents the results of foreign and domestic genetic trials in this field aimed at predicting the possible formation of BLD in premature infants and providing a personalized approach to the management of such patients.

/pdf/geneticheskaia-determinatsiia-formirovaniia-bronkholegochnoi-vctcypybmw.pdf

Генетическая детерминация формирования бронхолегочной дисплазии: за и против

Group A rotaviruses of the family Reoviridae is one of the important intestinal pathogens causing diarrhea in piglets and humans. A human-porcine reassortment rotavirus, GDJM1, was identified from outbreak of diarrhea in suckling piglets and it associated with 60.00% (324/540) morbidity and 20.99% (68/324) mortality in Guangdong Province of China in 2022. Thus, to further characterize the evolutionary diversity of GDJM1, all gene segments were analyzed. The genome constellation was G9-P[19]-I5-R1-C1-M1-A8-N1-T1-E1-H1. Nucleotide sequence identity and phylogenetic analyses showed that the VP6, VP7, NSP4 and NSP5 genes of GDJM1 were the most closely related to the respective genes of porcine strains, with the highest homology ranging from 95.65–98.55% identity. The remaining seven genes (VP1-VP4, NSP1-NSP3) were the most closely related to human strains, with the highest homology ranging from 91.83–96.69% similarity. Therefore, it is likely that GDJM1 emerged as the result of genetic reassortment between porcine and human rotaviruses. To our knowledge, this is the first report that a human-porcine reassortment G9P[19] RVA strain has been identified in mainland China, which providing important insights into evolutionary characterization of G9P[19] RVA strain, and reveals that the strain has a potential risk of cross-species transmission.

Emergence of human-porcine reassortment G9P[19] porcine rotavirus A strain in Guangdong Province, China

Background Rare mutations in the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter A3 (ABCA3) gene are associated with neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). The contribution of common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to preterm RDS differs between ethnicities and remains unclear in Chinese infants. This study evaluated whether common SNPs and consequent haplotypes increase susceptibility to RDS in a population of preterm infants from the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region of China. Methods Using a tagging SNP (tSNP) strategy and real-time polymerase chain reaction, we genotyped four tSNPs (i.e., rs150929, rs4787273, rs11867129, and rs17135889) and one coding SNP (p.F353F) of the ABCA3 gene in preterm infants with RDS (n = 83) and without RDS (n = 83). We predicted the haplotypes. Minor allele frequencies (MAFs) and haplotype distributions were compared between the two groups. We analyzed correlations between the clinical data and the genotypes. Results Seven haplotypes existed at a frequency of 0.01 or greater. The haplotype TGGAG was significantly more frequent in RDS infants than in non-RDS infants (p = 0.026; odds ratio 3.41; 95% confidence interval 1.088-10.685). The MAF of rs17135889 SNP, a crucial SNP of the haplotype TGGAG located in the transcription factor binding site of ABCA3, was significantly higher in RDS infants (p 0.05). No significant correlation existed between the rs17135889 genotypes (AG/GG) and any clinical characteristic (e.g., oxygen supplementation duration and hospitalization, requirement for ventilation, bronchopulmonary dysplasia complications, and mortality rate). Conclusion The TGGAG haplotype may be a risk factor for RDS in preterm infants in this Chinese population. Further study is needed with a larger sample size to verify the association between the rs17135889 SNP and increased risk of RDS in preterm infants, and to determine whether rs17135889 can be a reference in further population-based studies of ABCA3.

The Haplotype TGGAG in the ABCA3 Gene Increases the Risk of Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Preterm Infants in Southern China

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is an economically important disease impacting the global pig industry, and it is characterized by reproductive disorder in sows and respiratory disorder in pigs of all ages. The PRRSV E protein is a nonglycosylated structural protein encoded by the ORF2b gene. The E protein is not necessary for the assembly of virus particles, but deletion of the E protein leads to transmissible virus particles not being produced. To better understand the structure and function of the E protein, we reviewed its genetic and evolutionary analysis, characteristics, subcellular localization and topology, ion channel activity, cellular immune response, additional biological functions, interactions with host proteins, interactions with PRRSV proteins, roles in infection, pathogenicity, and drugs. Therefore, this review can provide a theoretical basis for gaining an in-depth understanding of the E protein of PRRSV-2.

/pdf/research-progress-on-the-e-protein-of-porcine-reproductive-26bz7sik.pdf

Research progress on the E protein of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus

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Emergence of human-porcine reassortment G9P[19] porcine rotavirus A strain in Guangdong Province, China

The Haplotype TGGAG in the ABCA3 Gene Increases the Risk of Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Preterm Infants in Southern China

Research progress on the E protein of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus