BIM-enabled facilities operation and maintenance: A review

Digitisation in facilities management: A literature review and future research directions

Building information modelling (BIM) is increasingly being adopted during construction projects. Design and construction practices are adjusting to the new system. BIM is intended to support the entire project life-cycle: the design and construction phases, and also facility management (FM). However, BIM-enabled FM remains in its infancy and has not yet reached its full potential. The purpose of this paper is to identify major aspects of BIM in order to derive a fully BIM-enabled FM process.,In total, 207 papers were classified into main and subordinate research areas for quantitative analysis. These findings were then used to conceptualise a BIM-enabled FM framework grounded by innovation diffusion theory for adoption, and for determining the path of future research.,Through an extensive literature review, the paper summarises many benefits and challenges. Major aspects of BIM are identified in order to describe a BIM-enabled FM implementation process grounded by innovation diffusion theory. The major research areas of the proposed framework include: planning and guidelines; value realisation; internal leadership and knowledge; procurement; FM; specific application areas; data capture techniques; data integration; knowledge management; and legal and policy impact. Each element is detailed and is supported by literature. Finally, gaps are highlighted for investigation in future research.,This paper systematically classifies and evaluates the existing research, thus contributing to the achievement of the ultimate vision of BIM-enabled FM. The proposed framework informs facility managers, and the BIM-enabled FM implementation process. Further, the holistic survey identifies gaps in the body of knowledge, revealing avenues for future research.

Building information modelling for facility management: are we there yet?

Flood damage assessment (FDA) provides an effective basis for the flood risk management process to evaluate and treat risks. Current FDA methods, however, are ill-equipped to account for the distinctiveness of buildings in the analysis. This is mainly due to their limited input data that on the one hand requires complete building information (well-represented in building information models [BIM]) and, on the other hand, the flood information (commonly managed by geographic information systems [GIS]). While such requirements cannot be satisfied via independent use of BIM or GIS, their integration can potentially be used for this purpose. The current BIM-GIS integration methods, however, are limited or application-specific. Therefore they fall short in satisfying the micro-level FDA information requirements. This paper presents a new data model as a profile of Geography Markup Language (GML) for BIM-GIS integration to support the detailed assessment and 3D visualisation of flood damage to buildings....

A BIM-GIS integration method in support of the assessment and 3D visualisation of flood damage to a building

Digital Technologies in Facility Management – The state of Practice and Research Challenges

Assembly Bill 758 (AB758) of California Energy Commission (CEC) incentivizes radical improvement of energy performance in existing buildings. Execution of AB758 relies heavily on building performance data and energy assessment. Traditionally, building performance data are not available for public consumption, while energy assessment is complex and time-consuming to conduct. Thus, a Virtual Facility Energy Assessment (VFEA) strategic planning tool is proposed built upon the robust integration of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and Building Information Modeling (BIM) with a cloud infrastructure. For owners with large portfolios of facilities, such as the California State University (CSU) system, VFEA can leverage location-based building information, dynamic simulation capacity of BIM and wireless sensor network (WSN) for real-time building energy performance detection, visualization, analysis and optimization across campuses. It provides stakeholders a dynamic and holistic virtual assessment for energy performance of buildings that are geographically dispersed. VFEA offers conceptual yet informative suggestions in the decision-making process directed to meet the AB758 requirements. This paper conducted the feasibility analysis, established the system framework of VFEA, and discussed the use case of CSU, Fresno campus for VFEA implementation.

GIS-BIM Based Virtual Facility Energy Assessment (VFEA) - Framework Development and Use Case of California State University, Fresno

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants of concern (VOCs), especially the latest Omicron, have exhibited severe antibody evasion. Broadly neutralizing antibodies with high potency against Omicron are urgently needed for understanding the working mechanisms and developing therapeutic agents. In this study, we characterized the previously reported F61, which was isolated from convalescent patients infected with prototype SARS-CoV-2, as a broadly neutralizing antibody against all VOCs including Omicron BA.1, BA.1.1, BA.2, BA.3 and BA.4 sublineages by utilizing antigen binding and cell infection assays. We also identified and characterized another broadly neutralizing antibody D2 with epitope distinct from that of F61. More importantly, we showed that a combination of F61 with D2 exhibited synergy in neutralization and protecting mice from SARS-CoV-2 Delta and Omicron BA.1 variants. Cryo-Electron Microscopy (Cryo-EM) structures of the spike-F61 and spike-D2 binary complexes revealed the distinct epitopes of F61 and D2 at atomic level and the structural basis for neutralization. Cryo-EM structure of the Omicron-spike-F61-D2 ternary complex provides further structural insights into the synergy between F61 and D2. These results collectively indicated F61 and F61-D2 cocktail as promising therapeutic antibodies for combating SARS-CoV-2 variants including diverse Omicron sublineages. 

/pdf/structural-basis-of-a-two-antibody-cocktail-exhibiting-pjg22gv0.pdf

Structural basis of a two-antibody cocktail exhibiting highly potent and broadly neutralizing activities against SARS-CoV-2 variants including diverse Omicron sublineages

A spatial Durbin model (SDM) is developed to estimate the open space proximity values in Fresno-Clovis metropolitan area in Central California circa 2005 to 2012, a time period covering a full market cycle with distinctive boom, bust, and recovery market phases. By controlling for distressed market conditions (vacant, foreclosure, and short-sale transactions) and spillover pricing effects, we find significant but heterogeneous values for proximity to five types of open space amenities. Furthermore, proximity values for parks and golf courses are found to drop by more than 20 % in the bust period relative to the boom period. Results show that failing to capture distressed market conditions and market phases, when the housing market is out of equilibrium, leads to biased results. In addition, our findings suggest that ignoring spatial dependence and spillover pricing effects presents a potential bias in estimating open space amenity values. The SDM, which considers spatial dependence and spillovers at a finer scale in the neighborhood, outperforms region fixed effects models when spatial spillovers are significant.

The Pricing Effects of Open Space Amenities

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GIS-BIM Based Virtual Facility Energy Assessment (VFEA) - Framework Development and Use Case of California State University, Fresno

Structural basis of a two-antibody cocktail exhibiting highly potent and broadly neutralizing activities against SARS-CoV-2 variants including diverse Omicron sublineages

The Pricing Effects of Open Space Amenities