Global Sustainable Water Management: A Systematic Qualitative Review

Optimizing nitrogen application and sowing date can improve environmental sustainability and economic benefit in wheat-rice rotation

Integrated management approaches enabling sustainable rice production under alternate wetting and drying irrigation

Abstract Water-saving irrigation techniques play a crucial role in addressing water scarcity challenges and promoting sustainable agriculture. However, the selection of appropriate water-saving irrigation methods remains a challenge in agricultural production. Additionally, the molecular regulatory mechanisms of crops under water-saving irrigation are not yet clear. This review summarizes the latest research developments in the application of different water-saving irrigation technologies to five important crops (rice, wheat, soybeans, maize, and cotton). It provides an overview of the impact of different irrigation techniques on crop yield, water use efficiency (WUE), physiology, growth, and environmental effects. Additionally, the review compares and contrasts the molecular regulatory mechanisms of crops under water-saving irrigation techniques with those under traditional drought stress, emphasizing the significance of combining irrigation technologies with genetic engineering for developing drought-resistant varieties and improving WUE. Furthermore, the integration of various technologies can stimulate new management strategies, optimize water resource utilization, and enhance sustainability, representing a major focus for future research. In conclusion, this review underscores the importance of water-saving irrigation technologies, especially when combined with genetic engineering, in addressing water resource scarcity, increasing crop yields, and promoting sustainable agriculture. 

Water-saving techniques: physiological responses and regulatory mechanisms of crops

In the face of the negative impacts of climate change and the accelerated growth of the global population, precision irrigation is important to conserve water resources, improve rice productivity and promote overall efficient rice cultivation, as rice is a rather water-intensive crop than other crops. For several decades, various water conserving technologies have been studied in order to significantly increase water use efficiency (WUE). The objective of this paper is to review the main technologies and approaches for assessing the water requirements of rice crop in order to contribute to water saving in irrigated rice production, after clarifying the performance indicators of the irrigated systems. Several scientific articles from previous studies were consulted and analyzed. These studies showed that irrigation water conservation includes a wide range of practices, staring from the crop irrigation water requirements assessment to the implementation of the water saving practices on the field. In addition, irrigation water conservation technologies could be categorized into three groups, namely water-conserving irrigation systems, water-saving irrigation methods, and water-conserving agronomic practices. The influence of the individual and combined irrigation water use efficiency tools was highlighted. This paper will enable researchers to acquire knowledge on water-saving methods for estimating the rice crop water requirements and thus allow them to effectively contribute to improve the performance of irrigated rice cultivation systems using various water conservation technologies.

/pdf/water-management-for-sustainable-irrigation-in-rice-oryza-2ht4cvr7.pdf

Water Management for Sustainable Irrigation in Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Production: A Review

Effects of alternate wetting and drying irrigation on yield, water and nitrogen use, and greenhouse gas emissions in rice paddy fields

The widespread presence of thiacloprid (THI), a neonicotinoid, raises concerns for human health and the aquatic environment due to its persistence, toxicity, and bioaccumulation. The fate of THI in paddy multimedia systems is mainly governed by irrigation practices, but the potential impacts remain poorly documented. This study investigated the effects of water management practices on THI spatiotemporal dynamics in paddy multimedia systems by combining soil column experiments and a non-steady-state multimedia model. The results indicated the wetting-drying cycle (WDC) irrigation reduced THI occurrences in environmental phases (i.e., soil, interstitial water, and overlying water) and accelerated the THI loss through the THI aerobic degradation process. THI occurrences in the soil and water phases decreased from 18.8% for conventional flooding (CF) treatment to 9.2% for severe wetting-drying cycle (SW) treatment after 29 days, while the half-lives shortened from 11.1 days to 7.3 days, respectively. Meanwhile, the WDC decreased THI outflow from leakage water, which reduced the THI risk of leaching. There was no significant difference in THI plant uptake and volatilization between CF and WDC treatments. The mean proportions of THI fate in paddy multimedia systems followed the order: THI degradation (57.7%), outflow from leakage water (25.5%), occurrence in soil (12.4%), plant uptake (3.4%), occurrence in interstitial water (0.7%), occurrence in overlying water (0.3%), volatilization (<0.1%) after 29 days. The sensitivity analysis identified the soil organic carbon partition coefficient (KOC) as the most sensitive parameter affecting THI's fate. In addition, the topsoil layers of 0–4 cm were the main sink of THI, holding 67% of THI occurrence in the soil phase. The THI occurrence in interstitial water was distributed evenly throughout the soil profile. These findings made beneficial theoretical supplements and provided valuable empirical evidence for water management practices to reduce the THI ecological risk. 

Spatiotemporal dynamics and modeling of thiacloprid in paddy multimedia systems with the effect of wetting-drying cycles.

Soil remediation techniques are promising approaches to relieve the adverse environmental impacts in soils caused by neonicotinoids application. This study systematically investigated the remediation mechanisms for peanut shell biochar (PSB) and composted chicken manure (CCM) on neonicotinoid-contaminated soils from the perspective of transformation of geochemical fractions by combining a 3-step sequential extraction procedure and non-steady state model. The neonicotinoid geochemical fractions were divided into labile, moderate-adsorbed, stable-adsorbed, bound, and degradable fractions. The PSB and CCM addition stimulated the neonicotinoid transformation in soils from labile fraction to moderate-adsorbed and stable-adsorbed fractions. Compared with unamended soils, the labile fractions decreased from 47.6% ± 11.8% of the initial concentrations to 12.1 ± 9.3% in PSB-amended soils, and 7.1 ± 4.9% in PSB and CCM-amended soils, while the proportions of moderate-adsorbed and stable-adsorbed fractions correspondingly increased by 1.8-2.4 times and 2.3-4.8 times, respectively. A small proportion (<4.8%) in bound fractions suggested there were rather limited bound-residues after 48 days incubation. The PSB stimulated the -NO2-containing neonicotinoid-degraders, which promoted the degradable fractions of corresponding neonicotinoids by 8.2 ± 6.3%. Degradable fraction of neonicotinoids was the dominant fate in soils, which accounted for 58.3 ± 16.7%. The findings made beneficial theoretical supplements and provided valuable empirical evidence for the remediation of neonicotinoid-contaminated soils. 

Remediation of neonicotinoid-contaminated soils using peanut shell biochar and composted chicken manure: Transformation mechanisms of geochemical fractions.

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Papers

Effects of alternate wetting and drying irrigation on yield, water and nitrogen use, and greenhouse gas emissions in rice paddy fields

Spatiotemporal dynamics and modeling of thiacloprid in paddy multimedia systems with the effect of wetting-drying cycles.

Remediation of neonicotinoid-contaminated soils using peanut shell biochar and composted chicken manure: Transformation mechanisms of geochemical fractions.