Contact bounce is a common phenomenon in the closing process of the electromagnetic relay under capacitive loads. The investigations on the contact characteristics are mainly conducted by experimental methods. However, the experimental method is extremely complicated and time-consuming in structural design, and it cannot clearly reveal the mechanism of contact bounce. Therefore, a new theoretical model is proposed to investigate the dynamic characteristics of the electromagnetic relay under capacitive loads. The model allows for simulating dynamic process and collecting bounce parameters in a simple and effective way compared with conventional simulation and experimental methods. The physical mechanism of contact bounce for the electromagnetic relay is presented. The nonlinear contact force between the fixed and moving contacts is evaluated according to the Kelvin–Voigt viscoelastic contact model. The equations of motion considering the coupling of electromagnetic and mechanical fields are established. The theoretical results obtained in this study are validated by comparison with experimental data. The influences of the structural parameters, coil current, surge current, and contact resistance on the contact bounce are analyzed. The numerical results well demonstrate that the contact bounce can be effectively weakened by adjusting the parameters of contact spring and the mass of the moving contact.

A New Theoretical Model to Study the Closing Bounce Characteristics of the Electromagnetic Relay Under Capacitive Loads

This paper reports an energy-efficient permanent magnet (PM) zero-holding-energy magnetic contactor (ZMC) that consumes no energy while maintaining an open or closed state. Conventional solenoid magnetic contactor (MC) technology has several critical drawbacks, including high continuous energy consumption, continuous vibration, and low reliability. The proposed ZMC substantially reduces energy consumption and heat generation, produces no vibration, and provides increased reliability. Traditional MC analysis typically requires computationally expensive finite element analysis (FEA). To reduce the analysis costs, a recently proposed fast and accurate nonlinear transient path energy method (NT-PEM) is utilized to significantly reduce analysis time and costs. Analysis accuracy was verified experimentally using a fabricated ZMC prototype. The economic and environmental benefits of the proposed ZMC confirm its significant potential as an energy-efficient eco-friendly alternative to traditional MC technology. ZMC is particularly promising for vehicular micro-grids due to the prolongation of the lifetime of batteries owing to reduced energy consumption.

Energy-Efficient Eco-Friendly Zero-Holding-Energy Magnetic Contactor for Industrial and Vehicular Applications

The invention discloses a parameter design method for an electric current loop series correction device, and belongs to the field of micro-grids. The method mainly includes the steps of firstly, obtaining system parameters required by parameter design; secondly, setting up a universal electric current loop mathematic model for micro-sources with different control strategies; thirdly, calculating the proportion parameters and the integration parameters through three suitable series correction device parameter design schemes; fourthly, analyzing the frequency domains and the time domain performance indexes of an electric current loop control system when the three schemes are adopted so that the most suitable design scheme can be determined; fifthly, applying the parameters in the most suitable scheme to a practical system. The parameters obtained through the design can not only improve the control performance of a micro-source inverter interface control system, but also avoid the micro-grid electric energy quality problem and the stability problem caused by unreasonable electric current loop series correction device parameters.

Parallel detection terminal device and detection method

To ensure the reliability of power supply, a dual power supply structure appears in the power distribution system. Power supply switching is a complex physical process. This paper presents a novel model of electromechanical contactors. This model can simulate the multi-physics process of power switching. This article completes the simulation framework for power switching through contactors for the first time. Among them, the structural topology for contactors is also proposed. On the basis of the novel structure topology, an equivalent magnetic circuit model is established to calculate the relationship between driving force, flux linkage, current, and displacement. Then, a co-simulation model is established between the above equations and Adams to obtain the speed characteristics and flight time of the contactor. Subsequently, through the use of Fluent and its secondary development, a magnetohydrodynamic model is established, and the above-mentioned velocity characteristics are imported into it to analyze the arcing characteristics of the contacts under the conditions of the transverse magnetic field and the insulating grid. The effectiveness of power switching is judged by comparing the flight time of the electromechanical model and the arcing time of the magnetohydrodynamic model. The prototype is manufactured and tested on the basis of simulation. Through experimental waveforms and high-speed photography, the accuracy of the simulation model and the practicability of the contactor are verified.

A Novel Model of Electromechanical Contactors for Predicting Dynamic Characteristics

Optimization design and energy-saving control strategy of high power dc contactor

This paper proposes a novel breaking strategy for dramatically shortening the response time of a single, stable electromagnetic contactor. A reverse voltage was applied across the excitation coil to increase the decay velocity of the magnetic field in the iron core, leading to a dramatic reduction of the electromagnetic force when the contactor initiated the breaking process. The applied time of the reverse voltage was determined by numerical computation of circuit, magnetic field, and forces. The polarity of source voltage was overturned by controlling switching devices in the bridge drive circuit. A co-simulation coupling magnetic field, machinery, and circuit was carried out using Maxwell and Circuit Editor software. Experimental results are reported to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed breaking strategy for shortening the response time of an electromagnetic contactor.

https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/12/5/789/pdf

A Novel Breaking Strategy for Reduced Response Time of Electromagnetic Contactor by Reverse Voltage Application

The invention relates to a reliability evaluation method and system of an electric energy metering device, for quality supervision of the electric energy metering device The method comprises the following steps: 1), according to the onsite environment of the electric energy metering device, obtaining factors affecting the reliability of the electric energy metering device in a field; 2), taking the factors affecting the reliability of the electric energy metering device in the field into consideration, and constructing an onsite operation simulation test platform; 3), simulating and reproducing various onsite operation environments, and giving ratings to the various influence factors through a simulation experiment; and 4), according to rating results of the various influence factors, assessing the quality and the operation reliability and stability of the electric energy metering device Compared to the prior art, the method and system provided by the invention have the advantages of comprehensive consideration, wide application scope and the like

Reliability evaluation method and system of electric energy metering device

The utility model relates to an intelligent electric-energy-meter electromagnetic compatibility test system used to detect the electromagnetic compatibility of the tested electric energy meter. The system comprises a test generation apparatus, a power supply, a coupling/decoupling network, a linear impedance stabilization network and a disturbance tester. The test generation apparatus comprises a signal-generator, a power amplifier, a filter and an attenuator which are successively connected with each other. The attenuator is successively connected with the coupling/decoupling network, the linear impedance stabilization network and the tested electric energy meter. The power supply is connected with the coupling/decoupling network. The disturbance tester is connected with the linear impedance stabilization network. Compared to the prior art, by using the system of the utility model, a intelligent electric-energy-meter electromagnetic compatibility test can be accurately, rapidly and conveniently performed.

Intelligent electric-energy-meter electromagnetic compatibility test system

The invention relates to a reliability automatic detecting device of an intelligent energy meter. The reliability automatic detecting device detects the reliability of a detected energy meter and comprises a controller, a meter level calculating module, a detecting power supply power amplification module, a computer, a standard meter and a multifunctional tester; the controller is respectively connected with the meter level calculating module, the detecting power supply power amplification module and the computer; the detecting power supply power amplification module is respectively connected with the standard meter and the multifunctional tester; and the meter level calculating module, the standard meter, the multifunctional tester and the computer are respectively connected with the detected energy meter. Compared with the prior art, the reliability automatic detecting device can detect each item of reliability performance of the intelligent energy meter and is rapid and accurate in detection.

Reliability automatic detecting device of intelligent energy meter

The utility model relates to an automatic detection device for the reliability of an intelligent electric energy meter, which is used for measuring the reliability of the intelligent electric energy meter under test. The device comprises a controller, a meter position calculation module, a test power supply power amplification module, a computer, a standard meter and a multifunctional tester, wherein the controller is connected with the meter position calculation module, the test power supply power amplification module and the computer, the test power supply power amplification module is connected with the standard meter and the multifunctional tester, and the meter position calculation module, the standard meter, the multifunctional tester and the computer are connected with the electric energy meter under test. Compared with the prior art, the automatic detection device provided by the utility model can detect various reliability properties of the intelligent electric energy meter, and is fast and accurate in detection.

Automatic detection device for reliability of intelligent electric energy meter

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