This book covers the fundamental concepts of data mining, to demonstrate the potential of gathering large sets of data, and analyzing these data sets to gain useful business understanding. The book is organized in three parts. Part I introduces concepts. Part II describes and demonstrates basic data mining algorithms. It also contains chapters on a number of different techniques often used in data mining. Part III focusses on business applications of data mining.Methods are presented with simple examples, applications are reviewed, and relativ advantages are evaluated.

http://cbafiles.unl.edu/public/cbainternal/facStaffUploads/AdvancedDataMiningTechniques.pdf

Advanced Data Mining Techniques

This paper introduces a new method for learning algorithm evaluation and selection, with empirical results based on classification. The empirical study has been conducted among 8 algorithms/classifiers with 100 different classification problems. We evaluate the algorithms' performance in terms of a variety of accuracy and complexity measures. Consistent with the No Free Lunch theorem, we do not expect to identify the single algorithm that performs best on all datasets. Rather, we aim to determine the characteristics of datasets that lend themselves to superior modelling by certain learning algorithms. Our empirical results are used to generate rules, using the rule-based learning algorithm C5.0, to describe which types of algorithms are suited to solving which types of classification problems. Most of the rules are generated with a high confidence rating.

/pdf/on-learning-algorithm-selection-for-classification-5dvdujw3cp.pdf

On learning algorithm selection for classification

Grey wolf optimization evolving kernel extreme learning machine: Application to bankruptcy prediction

Acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) is a subtype of acute leukemia, which is prevalent among adults. The average age of a person with AML is 65 years. The need for automation of leukemia detection arises since current methods involve manual examination of the blood smear as the first step toward diagnosis. This is time-consuming, and its accuracy depends on the operator's ability. In this paper, a simple technique that automatically detects and segments AML in blood smears is presented. The proposed method differs from others in: 1) the simplicity of the developed approach; 2) classification of complete blood smear images as opposed to subimages; and 3) use of these algorithms to segment and detect nucleated cells. Computer simulation involved the following tests: comparing the impact of Hausdorff dimension on the system before and after the influence of local binary pattern, comparing the performance of the proposed algorithms on subimages and whole images, and comparing the results of some of the existing systems with the proposed system. Eighty microscopic blood images were tested, and the proposed framework managed to obtain 98% accuracy for the localization of the lymphoblast cells and to separate it from the subimages and complete images.

Automated Screening System for Acute Myelogenous Leukemia Detection in Blood Microscopic Images

In many practical applications of classifiers, not only high accuracy but also high interpretability is required. Among a wide variety of existing classifiers, Takagi–Sugeno–Kang (TSK) fuzzy classifiers may be one of the best choices for achieving a good balance between interpretability and accuracy. In order to further improve their accuracy without losing their interpretability, we propose a highly interpretable deep TSK fuzzy classifier HID-TSK-FC (deep shared-linguistic-rule-based TSK fuzzy classifier) based on the concept of shared linguistic fuzzy rules. The proposed classifier has two characteristics: One is a stacked hierarchical structure of component TSK fuzzy classifiers for high accuracy, and the other is the use of interpretable linguistic rules with the same set of linguistic labels for all inputs. High interpretability is achieved at each layer by using the same set of linguistic values for all inputs, including the outputs from the previous layers in the stacked hierarchical structure. We show that a linguistic rule with the outputs from the previous layers as its inputs is equivalent to a fuzzy rule with a nonlinear consequent or a linear consequent with a certainty factor. We also show that HID-TSK-FC is mathematically equivalent to a novel TSK fuzzy classifier with shared interpretable linguistic fuzzy rules. Promising performance of HID-TSK-FC is demonstrated through extensive computational experiments on benchmark datasets and a real-world application case.

Deep Takagi–Sugeno–Kang Fuzzy Classifier With Shared Linguistic Fuzzy Rules

The fuzzy clustering algorithm fuzzy c-means (FCM) is often used for image segmentation. When noisy image segmentation is required, FCM should be modified such that it can be less sensitive to noise in an image. In this correspondence, a robust fuzzy clustering-based segmentation method for noisy images is developed. The contribution of the study here is twofold: (1) we derive a robust modified FCM in the sense of a novel objective function. The proposed modified FCM here is proved to be equivalent to the modified FCM given by Hoppner and Klawonn [F. Hoppner, F. Klawonn, Improved fuzzy partitions for fuzzy regression models, Int. J. Approx. Reason. 32 (2) (2003) 85-102]. (2) We explore the very applicability of the proposed modified FCM for noisy image segmentation. Our experimental results indicate that the proposed modified FCM here is very suitable for noisy image segmentation.

Robust fuzzy clustering-based image segmentation

Applying the improved fuzzy cellular neural network IFCNN to white blood cell detection

In this paper, a novel robust maximum entropy clustering algorithm RMEC, as the improved version of the maximum entropy algorithm MEC [2–4], is presented to overcome MEC's drawbacks: very sensitive to outliers and uneasy to label them. Algorithm RMEC incorporates Vapnik's ɛ – insensitive loss function and the new concept of weight factors into its objective function and consequently, its new update rules are derived according to the Lagrangian optimization theory. Compared with algorithm MEC, the main contributions of algorithm RMEC exit in its much better robustness to outliers and the fact that it can effectively label outliers in the dataset using the obtained weight factors. Our experimental results demonstrate its superior performance in enhancing the robustness and labeling outliers in the dataset.

Robust maximum entropy clustering algorithm with its labeling for outliers

Mining association rules from databases is still a hot topic in data mining community in recent years. Due to the existence of multiple levels of abstraction (i.e, taxonomic structures) among the attributes of the databases, several algorithms were proposed to mine generalized Boolean association rules upon all levels of presumed crisp taxonomic structures. However, fuzzy taxonomic structures may be more suitable in many practical applications. In [9], the authors proposed an approach to mine generalized Boolean association rules with such fuzzy taxonomic structures. The main contribution of this paper is to extend their idea to mine generalized association rules from quantitative databases with fuzzy taxonomic structures. A new fuzzy taxonomic quantitative database model is presented, and the experimental results on realistic databases are demonstrated to validate this new model.

Fuzzy taxonomy, quantitative database and mining generalized association rules

With the evidence framework, the regularized linear regression model can be explained as the corresponding MAP problem in this paper, and the general dependency relationships that the optimal parameters in this model with noisy input should follow is then derived. The support vector regression machines Huber-SVR and Norm-r r-SVR are two typical examples of this model and their optimal parameter choices are paid particular attention. It turns out that with the existence of the typical Gaussian noisy input, the parameter μ in Huber-SVR has the linear dependency with the input noise, and the parameter r in the r-SVR has the inversely proportional to the input noise. The theoretical results here will be helpful for us to apply kernel-based regression techniques effectively in practical applications.

Theoretically Optimal Parameter Choices for Support Vector Regression Machines with Noisy Input

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