• In this paper, a long-wave infrared micro-polarization imaging system and a near-infrared polarization imaging system are used to collect different scene images. Infrared radiation polarization properties of the targets are basically consistent with the theoretical analysis results. Because traditional analytical models of infrared radiation polarization ignore the shadowing effect caused by rough surfaces, this study focuses on the need to improve the detection capability of targets using their distinguishable infrared polarization properties. Based on the surface microelement bidirectional reflectance distribution function and by using the Muller matrix, the Stokes analytical model of the infrared radiation polarization degree of a rough surface with a shadowing function is constructed and presented. The analysis results show that the polarization degree of infrared spontaneous radiation decreases with the increase of roughness in both metal and non-metal surfaces with the decrease of polarization degree of non-metallic being greater than that of metal. Under the same roughness and the same temperature, the polarization degree value of the infrared radiation of the metallic surface is always greater than that of the non-metal one. The polarization degree of infrared radiation first increases with the incident angle. Then, it reaches a peak value within a specific incident angle range. The difference of polarization degree value between the metallic and non-metallic infrared radiation reaches its maximum within a certain range of incident angles. We believe that our study makes a significant contribution to the literature because it is necessary to master the infrared polarization properties of targets with rough surfaces for improving the polarization detection effect and the target recognition probability. Furthermore, the properties related to incident angles are useful for distinguishing metal from non-metal surfaces. This research is of great significance for analysing the polarization properties of real targets, designing infrared polarization systems and processing polarization images. To improve infrared polarization detection and identification probability, accurate infrared polarization properties of the targets are required. Traditional analytical models of infrared polarization ignore the shadowing effect caused by rough surfaces. Based on the surface microelement bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF), the Stokes analytical model of the infrared degree of polarization (DOP) of a rough surface with a shadowing function is constructed. The effects of the incident angle and surface roughness on the polarization of metallic and non-metallic targets are quantitatively analyzed, revealing that the DOP of infrared spontaneous radiation decreases with increasing roughness of both metallic and non-metallic surfaces, with a greater decrease for the non-metallic surface. Under the same roughness and temperature conditions, the DOP of the infrared radiation of the metallic surface is greater than that of the non-metallic one. The DOP of infrared radiation reaches a peak value within a specific incident-angle range. Finally, experiments are carried out with both far-infrared (wavelength from 8um to 12um) and near-infrared (wavelength from 0.9 um to 1.7 um) polarization imaging systems. The experimental results show that infrared polarization properties of the targets are basically consistent with the theoretical analysis results. This research is of great significance for analyzing the polarization properties of real targets and processing DOP images. 

Analysis of infrared polarization properties of targets with rough surfaces

An experimental apparatus has been designed for measuring the emissivity of a steel surface in both vacuum and oxidation atmosphere. The sample is heated with the method of electromagnetic induction in order to ensure the temperature uniformity. The radiance emitted from a sample is measured using a fiber-optic Fourier transform infrared spectrometer. Using this unique apparatus, we investigated the spectral (2-6 μm) and directional (0°-86°) emissivity of stainless steel 304 with different degrees of surface oxidation at temperatures ranging from 800 to 1100 °C. The experimental results show that the emissivity increases slightly with increasing temperature, which accords with the Hagen-Rubens relation. The emissivity increases rapidly at the initial stage of oxidation, but gradually reaches to a constant value after 20 min. In addition, the directional emissivity has a maximum value at the measuring angle of about 75°. The maximum uncertainty of emissivity is only 3.0% over all the measuring ranges, indicating that this experimental apparatus has a high reliability. In order to measure the surface temperature of casting billets based on multi-wavelength thermometry, the bivariate emissivity function with the two variables, wavelength and temperature, is determined. Temperature measurement results based on our technique are compared with those from common dual-wavelength radiation thermometry. Our approach reduces the measured temperature fluctuation from ±20.7 °C to ±2.8 °C and reflects the temperature variation with the changes of production parameters in real time.

A new experimental apparatus for emissivity measurements of steel and the application of multi-wavelength thermometry to continuous casting billets.

For the existing monocular vision methods of pose (or position and orientation) measurement based on the Perspective-n-Point problem, camera calibrations and image corrections are complicated and difficult due to the lens distortion. Additionally, as their theoretical models, the pinhole imaging model and the collinear equation only offer an ideal approximation for the imaging process of the area array camera. Thus, the measurement possesses inevitable systematic errors. To avoid these problems, a new pose measuring method is proposed, which replaces the area array camera and its collinear equation with two line array cameras and their incident light plane equations, respectively. For these two line array cameras, their mechanical assembly requirements and calibration steps are also analysed; they only require that the two optical centre lines of their cylindrical lenses be perpendicular to each other, and only need to be calibrated for the relationship between the coordinate of the image line and the incident angle of the incident light plane. The experiment results of P4P pose measurement with the proposed method showed only significant random errors and no significant systematic error, confirming that this method has eliminated the problems caused by the image distortion and model approximation.

Perspective-n-point pose measurement with two line array cameras

Aiming at the problem that the Geiger-mode Avalanche Photodiode (GM-APD) is susceptible to background noise and the detection effect decreases during the day, based on the polarization GM-APD detection model, a set of GM-APDbased polarized lidar imaging experimental equipment is proposed. Using this equipment to image the target in the simulated sunlight environment, the effect of polarization detection on the echo triggering performance was studied. The results show that, compared with the non-polarized system, the polarized system reduces the impact of noise on target detection, improves the image quality, and reduces the false alarm probability of the image. When the laser single pulse energy is 400nJ, and the polarization angle is 135° , the trigger probability of the metal plate is increased by 10.5%, and its false alarm probability is reduced by 4.6%; the trigger probability of the rough wood board is reduced by 15.2%, and its false alarm probability is reduced 8.9%.Due to the deterioration of imaging results caused by background noise, it is proposed to use polarization degree images for further background filtering to extract a more complete target contour. This research work provides experimental support for the effective detection of GM-APD lidar during the day.

Experimental research on polarized LIDAR imaging based on GM-APD

Under fixed imaging conditions, the landmark selection method based feature traversal analysis has high computational complexity. The hierarchical statistical significance detection method uses global statistical information for feature analysis to overcome the computational complexity problem caused by feature traversal analysis. The frequency domain de-correlation method can remove repeat mode in the image by adaptive Gaussian filtering on the amplitude-frequency characteristics. In this paper, combined the hierarchical statistical saliency detection method with the frequency domain de-correlation method, a fast landmark selection algorithm based on saliency analysis is proposed. Based on the proposed algorithm, the automatic landmark selection architecture for terrain matching navigation was constructed. The selection of landmark points was carried out in the Qin-ling Mountains and the Guangdong and Guangxi hills. The results show that compared with the feature or pixel-based landmark selection method, the landmark selection efficiency of the proposed method is improved by 2 to 3 orders of magnitude. The correct matching rate of candidate landmarks selected in the Qinling Mountains and the Guangdong and Guangxi hills are 73.9% and 88.3% respectively.

/pdf/a-fast-selection-method-of-landmarks-for-terrain-matching-4581m2wkto.pdf

A Fast Selection Method of Landmarks for Terrain Matching Navigation

Modified Model of Polarized Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function on Material Surface

As existing filtering methods could not overcome the contradiction between noise removal and feature preserving for the light-spot signals on a CCD,the random error resulted from image noises has become a key constraint on the location accuracy of the light-spot images.Therefore,a filtering method named Attribute Distance Weighted Average(ADWA) is proposed to denoise the light-spot images.The method separates signals and noises based on their attributes,and alleviates the contradiction between noise removal and feature preserving of the signals progressively through introducing new attributes.Experimental results show that as compared with the bivariate ADWA based on "location" and "value"(2-ADWA/LV),the sub-pixel location accuracy of light-spot has been improved by more than 20% and the standard deviation of location reduced to 0.024 pixel by introducing a 3-ADWA/LVG formed by adding an attribute "gradient" to 2-ADWA/LV.It concludes that when the ADWA is used to denoise the light-spot image,the filtering performance can be further enhanced progressively in both noise removal and feature preserving through introducing new attributes.The ADWA gives a new effective way to further improve the sub-pixel location accuracy of the light-spot.

Improvement of sub-pixel location accuracy of light-spot on CCD with ADWA filter

Research on Measurement of the Surface Emissivity of Casting Billets

Ag was deposited onto Si/SiO2 substrate as anode,4,4,4-tris(3-methylphenylpheny-lamino)-triphenylamine(m-MTDATA):MoOx/m-MTDATA/N,N-bis-(1-naphthyl)-N,N-diphenyl-1,1-biphenyl-4,4-diamine(NPB) were used as hole-injected layer and hole-transporting layer,respectively.4,4-N,N-dicarbazole-biphenyl(CBP) doped with(1-(phenyl)isoquinoline) iridium(III) acetylanetonate(Ir(piq)2(acac)) was chosed as emitting layer.4,7-di-phenyl-1,10-phenanthroline(BPhen) worked as hole-blocking layer and electronic-transporting layer.LiF(1 nm)/Al(2 nm)/Ag(20 nm) were composite cathode.In order to improve the outcoupling character of the top-emitting device,an organic CBP layer was introduced above the cathode.Appropriate use of the optical outcoupling layer is helpful for improving the transmittance of the composit cathode film system,and caused the color of the emitting light moved to deep-red region.The angle-dependent properties of the devices were also investigated and the ones with optical outcoupling layer show better performance.And it is very meaningful to the production of high-quality displays.In further study,another 20 nm NPB doped with Ir(piq)2(acac) was introduced to form dual emitting-layer structure,and while the driving voltage of the devices did not significant increase due to the relative high hole mobility of NPB.Meanwhile efficient triplet energy transfer between the host and guest is obtained,the recombination zone is broadened and the non-radiative losses is reduced,seen from the experimental,the current efficiency and color purity are both improved for the dual emitting-layer devices compared with the single emitting-layer structures.

A Method for Improving the Color Purity and Angle-dependent Character of Red Top-emitting Organic Light-emitting Device

An improved block density fast algorithm for steadying shaking image was presented.The jitter of camera system was measured by gyro,while the local motion vectors was estimated by the small area fast block-matching algorithm,and the global motion vector was calculated by least square method.Small area fast block-matching algorithm,which has high calculating precision,is good at calculating the local motion vectors.So the least square method can exactly calculate global motion vector by using parts of the local motion vectors.For this reason,the black density can be improved to speed up the algorithm and retain the precision of the global motion vector at the same time.The small area fast block-matching algorithm was optimized by analyzing the block gridding,and then the fast sensor electronic stabilization algorithm was designed.The simulation and experiment show that the algorithm is slightly more accurate and about 89% faster than the small area fast algorithm.

Improved Fast Block-matching Algorithm for Sensor Electronic Image Stabilization

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