노인 통증사정을 위한 한국어 판 Short-form McGill Pain Questionnaire [SF-MPQ]의 신뢰도와 타당도

Biofilm is complex and consists of bacterial colonies that reside in an exopolysaccharide matrix that attaches to foreign surfaces in a living organism. Biofilm frequently leads to nosocomial, chronic infections in clinical settings. Since the bacteria in the biofilm have developed antibiotic resistance, using antibiotics alone to treat infections brought on by biofilm is ineffective. This review provides a succinct summary of the theories behind the composition of, formation of, and drug-resistant infections attributed to biofilm and cutting-edge curative approaches to counteract and treat biofilm. The high frequency of medical device-induced infections due to biofilm warrants the application of innovative technologies to manage the complexities presented by biofilm.

/pdf/microbial-biofilm-a-review-on-formation-infection-antibiotic-12nvxvsq.pdf

Microbial Biofilm: A Review on Formation, Infection, Antibiotic Resistance, Control Measures, and Innovative Treatment

In this article, we present the current approach to hypospadias, a review of the classification, preoperative evaluation, and factors that enable decision-making during surgery. We will then discuss patient-reported outcomes, evaluating the patients' and parents' perspectives regarding hypospadias repair.

/pdf/current-hypospadias-management-diagnosis-surgical-management-59tonvy12m.pdf

Current hypospadias management: Diagnosis, surgical management, and long-term patient-centred outcomes.

Adrenal myelolipoma is an invariably benign neoplasm of the adrenal gland that is the second most common primary adrenal incidentaloma following adrenocortical adenomas. It is composed of elements of adipose tissue and extramedullary hematopoiesis. Hypotheses on stem cells and hormonal factors have been formulated regarding its pathogenesis that is still obscure. Despite its benign behavior, adrenal myelolipoma is clinically relevant as it might cause significant difficulties in the differential diagnosis of adrenal tumors. We have reviewed 420 cases reported between 1957 and 2017 on adrenal myelolipoma retrieved from PubMed and Scopus databases and also 20 of our case series to provide a comprehensive analysis of their pathology, epidemiological and clinical features. The average age for its diagnosis was 51 years, and no gender difference was observed. The average size of tumors was 10.2 cm. Congenital adrenal hyperplasia was associated to 10% of all cases analyzed, while other adrenal hypersecretory disorders (cortisol, aldosterone) were found in 7.5% of cases. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging can be reliably used for its differential diagnosis. If the diagnosis of an adrenal myelolipoma is unambiguous, and no associated symptoms or hormonal activity are established, surgical intervention is usually not necessary.

/pdf/adrenal-myelolipoma-a-comprehensive-review-2lfiy7zkxq.pdf

Adrenal myelolipoma: a comprehensive review

Pediatric Stone Disease.

The growing demand of Internet of things based portable gadgets motivate to develop low power static random access memory (SRAM) cell. It occupies large portion in modern system on chip devices. In this context, a detailed review on various SRAM cell topologies has been performed which includes comparative analysis of design parameters and challenges. To perform the comparative analysis, considered SRAM cell topologies are simulated with cadence virtuoso IC6.1.5-64b at 45 nm generic process design kit technology file. It is worthy to notice that 9T SRAM cell has highest value of read stability among considered cells. It is attributed to use of differential read decoupled structure. The 7T SRAM cell has highest value of write ability among considered cells. It is observed that 8T SRAM cell has lowest read power dissipation among considered cells. It happens due to the use of stack transistor in read path of the cell. The lowest value of read access time is also observed in 8T SRAM cell among considered SRAM cells. It is 1.82
 $$\times$$
 higher as compared to conventional 6T SRAM cell. Further, the write access time of 9T SRAM cell is lowest among considered cells. This is 1.41
 $$\times$$
 less as compared to conventional 6T SRAM cell. Static noise per unit area to power delay product ratio (SAPR) is used to evaluate the overall performance of considered SRAM topologies. It is observed that 8T SRAM cell has the highest value of SAPR among considered SRAM cells. It is 1.91
 $$\times$$
 as compared to conventional 6T SRAM cell. All the comparison has been done at 1.0 V supply voltage.

A Review on Performance Evaluation of Different Low Power SRAM Cells in Nano-Scale Era

In this paper, a 11-T static random-access memory (SRAM) cell has been examined that shows a fair reduction in read power dissipation while upholding the stability and moderate performance. In the ...

Design of a Stable Low Power 11-T Static Random Access Memory Cell

The on-chip static random access memory (SRAM) has been under revamp due to swift growth in demand of power-efficient internet-of-things based devices. In this context, a low power transmission gate based read decoupled 9-transistor (TRD9T) SRAM bit-cell has been proposed in this work. The proposed cell efficiently minimizes the power dissipation in terms of static/dynamic power and maintains the stability during read, write and standby mode as compared to five recent reported designs. The proposed cell is less vulnerable to soft errors due to improved critical charge that is followed elimination of half-select issue that facilitates bit-interleaved implementation. In addition to conventional 6T (Conv.6T) SRAM, it has been compared with five already reported designs such as tunable-access 8T (TU8T), single ended disturb free 9T (SEDF9T), P-P-N based 10T (P10T), low power 10T (LP10T) and data dependent 11T (D11T) bit-cells, for evaluating the relative performance of proposed design in terms of key design metrics. The reduction in soft error in proposed design is indicated by 1.14 × /1.07 × /0.99 × /1.39 × /1.05 × improvement in critical charge in comparison to conv.6T/TU8T/SEDF9T/P10T/LP10T respectively. The proposed cell mitigates half-select issue to achieve the capability of implementing bit-interleaved architecture. Moreover, standby power of proposed design is reduced by 2.01 × /2.46 × /1.58 × /0.79 × /1.89 × /1.90 × in comparison to conv.6T/TU8T/SEDF9T/P10T/LP10T/D11T respectively and this improvement sustains at temperature variation from at 27 °C to 110 °C. The TRD9T exhibits 1.97 × /1.87 × /1.01 × /1 × /1.01 × /1.78 × higher read static noise margin and 1.17 × /1.21 × /1.44 × /1.44 × /1.11 × /0.85 × higher write static noise margin in comparison to conv.6T/TU8T/SEDF9T/P10T/LP10T/D11T respectively. Also, 1.70 × /1.29 × /2.09 × /1.49 × /1 × /1.60 × and 1.48 × /1.77 × /2.75 × /1.77 × /1.64 × /2.28 × improvement in read power and write power respectively is achieved in comparison to conv.6T/TU8T/SEDF9T/P10T/LP10T/D11T. The read access time of proposed design is improved by 1.31 × /1.01 × /2.12 × /1.18 × /1.01 × /1.13 × in comparison to conv.6T/TU8T/SEDF9T/P10T/LP10T/D11T. Proposed TRD9T show narrower variability in read stability, read power and read current in comparison to conv. 6T. The proposed TRD9T also exhibits best Electrical quality metric (EQM) among the cells considered in this work.

Design of multi-cell upset immune single-end SRAM for low power applications

In this paper, various SRAM cell topologies have been implemented on 90nm technology node with Cadence virtuoso tool. Read power and write power dissipation, read delay, write delay, write static noise margin (WSNM) and read static noise margin (RSNM) of all considered topologies have been determined out. Read and write actions of each SRAM cells have also been examined. It has been noticed that 7T SRAM cell has minimum read power among all considered topologies. However, write power in 8T SRAM cell reduced by 44.15% as correlated to conventional 6T SRAM cell. The write delay in 9T SRAM cell found minimum among all considered cells. Furthermore, highest value of RSNM has been observed in conventional 6T SRAM cell as correlated to all simulated topologies. The WSNM of 8T SRAM cell found to 2× as of 6T SRAM cell.

Performance Evaluation of 6T, 7T, 8T, and 9T SRAM cell Topologies at 90 nm Technology Node

Objectives. To evaluate the safety and efficacy of Tadalafil and Tamsulosin in treating Double J stent related symptoms. Methods. In a prospective study, 161 patients with DJ related symptoms were randomized into 3 groups: Group A patients (54), Group B patients (53), and Group C patients (54). They were given Tadalafil, Tamsulosin, and placebo, respectively, at 1st week till removal of DJ stent at 3rd week. All patients completed Ureteral Stent Symptom Questionnaire (USSQ) at 1st week and at 3rd week. The statistical significant difference among groups was determined by the t-test, Kruskal-Wallis test and multivariate analysis were used to assess association of the variables within the three groups, and the level of significance was set at P < 0.05. Results. Tadalafil and Tamsulosin were comparable in relieving urinary symptoms, general health, and work performance (OR = 0.65, 1.8, and 0.92). But Tadalafil was more effective in relieving body pain, sexual problems, and additional problems than Tamsulosin (OR = 5.95, 19.25, and 2.69) and was statistically significant as P < 0.05. Conclusion. Tadalafil was as effective as Tamsulosin in relieving urinary symptom but more effective in relieving sexual symptoms and body pain.

/pdf/a-randomized-controlled-trial-to-compare-the-safety-and-2eeqma4mma.pdf

A Randomized Controlled Trial to Compare the Safety and Efficacy of Tadalafil and Tamsulosin in Relieving Double J Stent Related Symptoms

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