A semiconductor memory device comprises memory cells, a bitline connected to the memory cells, a read circuit including a precharge circuit, and a first transistor connected between the bitline and the read circuit, wherein a first voltage is applied to a gate of the first transistor when the precharge circuit precharges the bitline, and a second voltage which is different from the first voltage is applied to the gate of the first transistor when the read circuit senses a change in a voltage of the bitline.

Semiconductor memory device.

The present disclosure provides innovative methodology and related compositions and kits for preventing and treating various diseases associated with abnormal cell proliferation, angiogenesis and fibrosis, by using an inhibitor of processed forms of lysyl oxidase or lysyl oxidase-like proteins, an inhibitor of LOX and an inhibitor of a LOXL, or a synergistic combination of an inhibitor of LOX or LOXL combined with other therapeutic agents. Also provided are innovative methods for selecting agents that prevent or inhibit tumor invasion, angiogenesis and metastasis, by contacting cells that are in an epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) state with a candidate agent and detecting a change in the EMT state of the cells. Methods and related compositions and kits for diagnosing or monitoring various diseases associated with abnormal cell proliferation, angiogenesis and fibrosis, by using molecules or agents that specifically recognize processed forms of LOX or LOXL are also provided. Also provided herein are methods and related compositions, medical devices, systems and kits for preventing or treating various diseases and conditions associated with fibrosis with compositions comprising inhibitors of LOX or LOXL. Such diseases or conditions include pathological cardiovascular conditions and diseases such as hypertension, hypertensive heart disease, myocardial infarction, atherosclerosis, and restenosis, liver fibrosis, kidney fibrosis, lung fibrosis, dermal scaring, keloid formation, and Alzheimer's disease.

Methods and compositions for treatment and diagnosis of fibrosis, tumor invasion, angiogenesis, and metastasis

This invention relates to a nucleotide array containing polynucleotide probes complementary to, or fragments of, Cynomolgus monkey genes, and the use of such a nucleotide array to characterize the biological effects, including the actions, targets, and toxicities, of therapeutic agents in primates, e.g., a human, a Cynomolgus monkey, or a Rhesus monkey, in particular a nucleotide array to be used in identifying the toxicities of therapeutic agents administered to a non-human primate, e.g., a Cynomolgus monkey or a Rhesus monkey.

Nucleotide array containing polynucleotide probes complementary to, or fragments of, cynomolgus monkey genes and the use thereof

The present invention relates to methods of constructing an integrated artificial immune system that comprises appropriate in vitro cellular and tissue constructs or their equivalents to mimic the normal tissues that interact with vaccines in mammals. The artificial immune system can be used to test the efficacy of vaccine candidates in vitro and thus, is useful to accelerate vaccine development and testing drug and chemical interaction with the immune system.

Artificial immune system: methods for making and use

The temperature of a biological material is changed from a first temperature to a second temperature within a time period, one of the said first or second temperature being above freezing temperature and the other being below freezing temperature, by placing the biological material in tight contact with at least one, preferably between two heat exchangers, and controlling the temperature in at least one of said heat exchangers such that a freezing temperature front propagates in said material away from at least one of the two heat exchangers.

Method and apparatus for freezing or thawing of a biological material

The invention relates to the use of CD14+ monocytes for the production of dendritic cells. The invention comprises the use of CD14+ monocytes isolated from peripheral circulating blood for obtaining, by differentiation, at least one mixed population of Langerhans cells and interstitial dendritic cells, both Langerhans cells and interstitial dendritic cells being preconditioned and undifferentiated, and/or differentiated and immature, and/or mature, and/or interdigitated. The invention comprises their use in suspension, monolayer and three-dimensional cell and tissue models. The invention comprises the use of these cells and of these models as study models for the assessment of immunotoxicity/immunotolerance, for the development of cosmetic and pharmaceutical active principles and for the development and implementation of methods of cell and tissue therapy.

In vitro production of dendritic cells from cd14+ monocytes

L'invention concerne la stimulation de la synthese et de l'activite d'une isoforme de la lysyl oxydase, et plus particulierement de l'isoforme LOXL (lysyl oxidase-like).L'invention concerne notamment une methode d'identification d'un principe actif stimulant la formation de fibres elastiques.L'invention a principalement pour but de fournir une telle methode d'identification afin de realiser des compositions permettant de stimuler la formation de fibres elastiques.

Stimulation de la synthese et de l'activite d'une isoforme de la lysyl oxydase-like loxl pour stimuler la formation de fibres elastiques

The invention relates to a cell culture device. This cell culture device (100), intended for receiving cells with their culture medium, is characterised in that it contains at least one cell-supporting layer of porous material, this layer being obtained by dehydration of an aqueous gel which is poured directly either into said well bottom (110-111), or into the bottom of a cradle or insert (150) of a size which is adapted for being insertable into the volume of the well. The invention enables a culture to be made which can be automated.

Support device for cells culture

The invention relates to the stimulation of the activity of an isoform of lysyl oxidase, and more particularly of the LOX (lysyl oxidase) isoform. The invention relates notably to a screening method of an active principle which regulates elastogenesis in cases of pathological, disorganized and/or non-functional elastogenesis, as in cases of fibrosis, of solar elastosis, of stretch marks, and/or of dystrophic scars; and/or in cases of some eczematous pathologies. The aim of the invention is mainly to provide such a screening method so as to provide compositions enabling the elastogenesis in the cases cited to be regulated.

Stimulation of the activity of an isoform of lysyl oxidase for combating against some pathologies due to an incomplete, absent or disorganized elastogenesis

Die Erfindung betrifft die Stimulierung der Synthese und der Aktivitat einer Isoform der Lysyloxidase und insbesondere der Isoform LOXL (Lysyloxidase-like). DOLLAR A Die Erfindung betrifft insbesondere ein Verfahren zum Identifizieren eines Wirkstoffs, welcher die Bildung von elastischen Fasern stimuliert. DOLLAR A Das Ziel der Erfindung ist es hauptsachlich, ein solches Verfahren zum Identifizieren von Wirkstoffen bereitzustellen, um so Zusammensetzungen bereitzustellen, die die Bildung von elastischen Fasern stimulieren.

Stimulierung der Synthese und der Aktivität einer Isoform der Lysyloxidase-ähnlichen LOXL zum Stimulieren der Bildung von elastischen Fasern

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