Integration of emerging PCMs and nano-enhanced PCMs with different solar water heating systems for sustainable energy future: A systematic review

Solar desalination is an eco-friendly technique for freshwater supply in arid regions, thus becoming more and more promising. Solar desalination could fulfill the requirements of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) such as SDG 6 for guaranteeing universal sustainable access to drinkable water, SDG 13 for lessening the environmental impacts and preventing climate change, and SDG 14 for achieving sustainable utilization of seas, oceans, and lakes. In this article, the recent research progress of performance augmentation techniques used to boost the freshwater productivity of solar stills (SSs) is reviewed. The discussed techniques include energy storage material, heat techniques, cooling techniques, water stirring, water spraying, forced vibration, solar collectors, reflectors, condensers, multi-stage designs, and evaporation boosting techniques. Floating and multiple-effect solar stills are also discussed. The theory of operation of solar stills and their available designs are discussed. The benefits and limitations of using these augmentation techniques are presented. Performance evaluation of solar stills based on economic, thermal, and life cycle assessment is explained. Conclusions, limitations of previous studies, and future trends are introduced to help researchers in developing new solar still designs. 

Augmentation and evaluation of solar still performance: A comprehensive review

The use of solar energy is now a common and modern alternative that many countries throughout the world have adopted. Different studies on PV systems have been documented in the literature; however, several reviews focus excessively on particular facets of solar modules. In this paper, the literature on PV systems published between 2000 and 2023 was reviewed thoroughly. This review is structured in three main parts. Primarily, the main factors impacting dust deposition on solar modules are discussed. These include temperature, wind speed, inclination angle, location, climatic conditions, photovoltaic module surface characteristics, and dust characteristics. Many methods for mitigating and reducing dust as well as approaches to cleaning PV modules are also reviewed in this study. The many types of solar modules, together with their most important characteristics and operational effectiveness, are presented. As more solar photovoltaic panels expand their end of life (EOL), solutions are required to recycle and dispose of solar photovoltaic panels at the lowest economic cost and with the least environmental damage through reduced carbon emissions and greenhouse gases. Subsequently, this paper further reviews solar PV energy for a green environment and PV waste recycling and its costs. Moreover, integrating solar energy with other clean energy constituting an energy source for hard-to-reach areas and an alternative to fuel are discussed. Therefore, this comprehensive review of the use of photovoltaic systems for green energy production is helpful in an increased share of clean energy for various energy sectors in the future.

Solar Photovoltaic Energy as a Promising Enhanced Share of Clean Energy Sources in the Future—A Comprehensive Review

There is an assortment in the ways of procuring palatable water freed from all impurities through use of such techniques whether being conventional or non–conventional. Desalination by means of solar still devices is, interestingly, a potential option that can assuage the contemporary problem of drinkable water shortage for far–flung locations. One has to observe that the water throughput furtherance of these targets could be achievable by introducing certain efficacious modifications. Broader perspectives have been foreseen within attempts dealt with this sort of solar–thermal engineering systems. Thus, the fulcrum of this work is primarily upon providing an overview on the progress of triangular pyramid, weir–type, spherical, and hemispherical solar still configurations that have been employed as among those ways of fresh water generation. On the other hand, the review continues to account for many aspects enabling to compare these conceptions based on: (1) effect of some design changes, (2) un–ignorable contribution of such novel heat transport fluids or thermal energy storage (TES) materials, (3) collectors integration, and (4) cooling process. It has been inferred that hemispherical and weir distillers outperform over the other presented types. Additionally, with the adoption of the novel inclusion of both hemispherical cover and basin in one system, this has yielded more thermo–economic benefits. It was also observed that the said devices perform better in presence of solar collectors as pre–heaters. Various nano–suspended mediums (i.e., water basefluid, paint, or PCMs) are prepared and formulated for great captivation and preservation of solar energy. To conclude, the most promising techniques were all discussed throughout and underscoring the importance of still types to lead the future directions of solar desalination was evaluated and included at the end of study. 

A critical review on triangular pyramid, weir–type, spherical, and hemispherical solar water distiller conceptions

The performance of solar panels in generating electrical energy is closely tied to the effectiveness of the employed cooling system. While the utilization of phase change materials (PCMs) as latent thermal units as a cooling system has been suggested for recovering solar panels' heat, research focusing on a comprehensive comparison of various PCMs for this purpose has been lacking. To address this gap, our study aims to provide a thorough comparative analysis of three distinct PCMs: Gallium, Paraffin RT35HC and CaCl2·6H2O The objective is to determine the most efficient PCM for cooling solar panels. Using Fluent-Ansys-based numerical simulations, our study investigates the transient (unsteady) thermal exchange between PCMs and a solar panel. The research examines various PCM types housed in a container behind the solar panel, while also assessing the impact of inclination angles (0° to 90°) on thermal and electrical efficiency. Our results highlight Gallium's superior cooling performance and sustained high electrical efficiency. Conversely, CaCl2.6H2O leads to decreased electrical efficiency (less cooling performance), while RT35HC shows potential at extreme angles with a slight efficiency decline (∼10.2 %). By offering a comprehensive comparative assessment of diverse PCMs and considering the influence of inclination angles, our study contributes valuable insights to optimizing solar panel cooling systems and enhancing overall energy generation efficiency. 

Thermal Management and Electrical Efficiency for Concentrator Photovoltaic Systems Using Multiple Phase Change Materials

Analysing Analyzing​ the performance of combined solar photovoltaic power system with phase change material

Optimization of transesterification production of biodiesel from Pithecellobium dulce seed oil

Triangular and single slope solar stills: Performance and yield studies with different water mass

Experimentally investigating the influence of static mixers on the performance of a solar water heater

IoT (Internet of Things) technology is used here to monitor underground mining locations. Developing sensor based device is highly challenging and hence accelerometer is used to monitor the deep mining region. Each and every analyzed boundary/qualities/characteristics are then sent to the Micro Controller Unit (MCU). The MCU unit is utilized to perform a basic analysis. When a critical situation is detected, an alarm will be given and the corresponding details will be sent directly to the web server. The collected data are then displayed on the webserver page of the underground control centre to present the screen and take quick action to prevent serious damage. Simultaneously, the Zigbee handset module is employed in the proposed model to communicate data from the mining section to take immediate action and reach the location. Finally, the experimental results show the increase in coal mining safety with the proposed underground coal mine monitoring system.

IoT based Coal Mining Monitoring and Control

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Analysing Analyzing the performance of combined solar photovoltaic power system with phase change material

Optimization of transesterification production of biodiesel from Pithecellobium dulce seed oil

Triangular and single slope solar stills: Performance and yield studies with different water mass

Experimentally investigating the influence of static mixers on the performance of a solar water heater

IoT based Coal Mining Monitoring and Control

V. S. Dattu

Author Tools

Chat about Author

Papers

Analysing Analyzing​ the performance of combined solar photovoltaic power system with phase change material

Optimization of transesterification production of biodiesel from Pithecellobium dulce seed oil

Triangular and single slope solar stills: Performance and yield studies with different water mass

Experimentally investigating the influence of static mixers on the performance of a solar water heater

IoT based Coal Mining Monitoring and Control

Analysing Analyzing the performance of combined solar photovoltaic power system with phase change material