A technique for observation of the inner structure of objects is proposed The sensitivity to variations in direction of the primary pseudo-plane beam which occurs on boundaries between media with slight differences in density values is impressive Two types of contrasts are pointed out: 'area contrast' caused by slight deviation of the primary beam and 'boundary contrast' Basic principles and experimental results are presented

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0022-3727/28/11/012/pdf

X-ray plane-wave topography observation of the phase contrast from a non-crystalline object

Stress Relaxation in Crystals

High-resolution x-ray diffraction has been performed on strained SiGe nanoscale islands grown coherently on Si(001). Reciprocal space maps show a widely extended ``butterfly''-shaped island reflection and strong diffuse scattering around the substrate reflection. From such intensity maps the Ge content and its distribution inside the islands are evaluated. This is done by simulation of diffuse scattering for a variety of island models. The island shape is known from atomic force and scanning electron microscopy. The only free parameter was the Ge distribution, here approximated by a vertical concentration profile. With an abrupt increase of Ge content at about one third of the island height a rather good agreement with the experimental results is achieved. The strain distribution in the islands is then given by the finite element calculations, which are part of the simulation algorithm.

/pdf/strain-and-composition-in-sige-nanoscale-islands-studied-by-r2rnp17ug2.pdf

Strain and composition in SiGe nanoscale islands studied by x-ray scattering

Deformation behavior of a Co-Cr-Fe-Ni-Mo medium-entropy alloy at extremely low temperatures

The paper presents a review of the results of experimental and theoretical study of the influence of conduction electrons on the mobility of dislocations in normal metals and superconductors. The influence of the superconducting transition on the macroscopic mechanical properties of metals connected with dislocation motion, namely, plasticity and sound absorption, are also discussed.

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1070/PU1974v016n06ABEH004096/pdf

Dislocation dragging by electrons in metals

The effect of the oscillation amplitude and temperature on the amplitude-dependent internal friction caused by oscillations of dislocation segments in elastic fields of immobile point defects is investigated. A method is proposed for the determination of the binding energy and force law of the interaction between a defect and dislocation from the relationship between the temperature and oscillation amplitude at the constant level of the internal friction and for the determination of segment-length distribution from the amplitude dependence of the internal friction.



[Russian text ignored].

Determination of characteristics for the interaction between point defects and dislocations from internal friction experiments

The mechanism of formation of X-ray diffraction images of straight line dislocations in section topographs has been investigated. The image character for dislocations in the special position fully results from the diffraction power of a dislocation m = (KHb)2π. The analysis of the extinction fringes map corresponding to dislocation distorted slit image suggests the possibility of the interferometric investigation of the elastic stress field. The number of additional fringes corresponds to a dislocation-induced maximum phase shift and amounts to approximately 0.4m. The direct image formation is related to focusing of additional wave field generated in the dislocation short-range field over the whole width of the Borman fan. Fine structure of the direct image yields, under certain conditions, information on the dislocation elastic field. A part of the interferometric information on a dislocation remains valid in transformation from section topographs to those traverse.



[Russian Text Ignored].

Investigation of image formation of straight‐line dislocations in the case of extinction contrast

A theory of the formation of X-ray images of microdefects is developed. It is shown that at sufficiently high collimation of the incident wave it is possible not only to reveal such defects but also to obtain the images of their elastic fields almost without any additional diffraction within the Borrmann fan typical of the conventional topography. The possibility to observe displacement fields near microdefects with dimensions beyond the limits of X-ray topography resolution is demonstrated with the aid of computer simulation of wave fields and the analytical estimates. It is shown that plane-wave images give information on the type, dimensions, and orientation of microdefects. The effect of the incident-wave divergence on the experimental results is also discussed.



[Russian Text Ignored].

The formation of plane‐wave X‐ray images of microdefects

Breakaway of dislocation from point defect treated as a stochastic problem

The formation of plane wave images of dislocations parallel to the diffraction vector is investigated. With a wedge-shaped sample the development of the contrast in dependence on the crystal thickness is revealed. Under low absorption conditions a modification of the pendellosung fringes is observed experimentally and explained theoretically. Under high absorption conditions the fine structure of dislocation images is studied. Moreover under the same conditions a modification of dislocation images in the strain field of another dislocation located beneath the first ones is revealed. This phenomenon is studied both, analytically in the ray optics approximation and by computer simulations. Some new rules for the complete Burgers vector determination are proposed.



[Russian Text Ignored]

Plane‐wave X‐ray images of dislocations parallel to the diffraction vector

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