Computational Intelligence in Data Mining - Volume 3

Video camera plays a growing important role in advancing industrial control towards a higher level of automation. Thus, video analytics become highly demanded, especially for low-latency and high-accuracy analytic results. Yet, the data volume produced by camera clusters is prohibitively high. In this article, we propose <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Respire , a system that can remove redundant frames for reducing the cost of transmission and processing based on edge computing nodes, while maintaining useful frames for high analytic accuracy. Specifically, <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Respire incorporates a new way for characterizing the spatial–temporal redundancy between frames. Then, <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Respire prioritizes the uploading of frames for redundancy reduction. As the search space of the entire collected frames is exponential for the set of frames containing the maximal information, we jointly consider offline and online pruning of frames and propose a heuristic algorithm to reduce the search space. Extensive real-world dataset-based experiments demonstrate that the proposed system can significantly reduce communication and computation costs, while providing sufficient information for guaranteed video analytic accuracy.

RESPIRE: Reducing Spatial–Temporal Redundancy for Efficient Edge-Based Industrial Video Analytics

In this paper a modified FFT (Fast Fourier Transform) processor using Mixed Radix DIT Algorithm is presented. Canonic Signed Digit (CSD) constant multiplier is used which minimizes the count of complex multipliers and twiddle factor memory size to achieve an optimized FFT processor in terms of area and memory requirements. Fixed point number representation has been used to minimize the memory consumption and I/O bandwidth. The proposed FFT processor codes are written in VHDL and synthesized using Xilinx ISE design tool of version 14.7. The used device is of Spartan-6 Family and the device targeted is XC6SLX45T. For the design verification purpose ISim simulator is used. The results have shown reduction in the hardware utilization and time delay.

Design of 32-point mixed radix Fft processor using CSD multiplier

Blur due to motion and atmospheric turbulence is a variable that impacts the accuracy of computer vision-based face recognition techniques. However, in images captured in the wild, such variables can hardly be avoided, requiring methods to account for these degradations in order to achieve accurate results in real time. One such method is to estimate the blur and then use deconvolution to negate or, at the very least, mitigate the effects of blur. In this paper, we describe a method for estimating motion blur and a method for estimating atmospheric blur. Unlike previous blur estimation methods, both methods are fully automated and require no input parameters, thus allowing integration into a real-time facial recognition pipeline. We show experimentally, on datasets processed to include synthetic and real motion and atmospheric blur, that these techniques improve recognition more than prior work. At multiple levels of blur, our results demonstrate significant improvement over related works and our baseline on data derived from both the FERET (fairly constrained data) and Labeled Faces in the Wild (fairly unconstrained data) sets.

/pdf/single-image-deblurring-for-a-real-time-face-recognition-5ajrl6rwy2.pdf

Single image deblurring for a real-time face recognition system

Efficient signal detection at the receiving end of multi antenna wireless communication is a major challenge in presence of channel fading, interference & noise phenomena. Combination of multiple input multiple output (MIMO) with phase shift keying (PSK) termed as (MIMO-PSK) modulation achieves significant transmission capacity and link quality through spatial diversity and multiplexing. This paper mainly focuses on detection algorithms and by incorporating well-known minimum mean square error successive interference cancellation (MMSE-SIC), proposes an advanced MMSE-SIC detection technique. Via a series of MATLAB simulations it is demonstrated that the proposed detection technique outperforms the conventional zero forcing, MMSE and even that of maximum likelihood detections by further reducing bit error rate without adding substantial system complexity.

An advanced detection technique in MIMO-PSK wireless communication systems using MMSE-SIC detection over a Rayleigh fading channel

In mobile communications systems, data transmission at high bit rates is essential for many services such as video, high quality audio and mobile integrated service digital network. When the data is transmitted at high bit rates, over mobile radio channels, thechannel impulse response can extend over many symbol periods, which leads to Inter-symbol interference (ISI). Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) is one of the promising technology to mitigate the ISI. In an OFDM signal the bandwidth is divided into many narrow sub-channels which are transmitted in parallel. Each sub-channel is typically chosen narrow enough to eliminate the effect of delay spread. By combining OFDM with CDMA dispersive fading limitations of the cellular mobile radio environment can be overcome and the effects of co-channel interference can be reduced. In this paper, the performances of equalization techniques by considering 2 transmit 2 receive antenna case (resulting in a 2×2 MIMO channel). Assume that the channel is a flat fading Rayleigh multipath channel and the modulation is BPSK.The ultimate goal is to provide universal personal and multimedia communication without regard to mobility or location with high data rates. To achieve such an objective we need a strong equalization techniques to compensate ISI.ꠑ Zero Forcing (ZF) equalizationꠑ Minimum Mean Square Error (MMSE) equalizationꠑ Zero Forcing equalization with Successive Interference Cancellation (ZF-SIC)ꠑ ZF_SIC with optimal ordering andꠑ MIMO with MMSE SIC and optimal ordering

Performance analysis of equalization techniques for MIMO systems in wireless communication

For range resolution radar, the usual measure of goodness is obtained from discrimination and merit factor. In addition, the measure of goodness is also expressed with figures of merit, which was proposed earlier. Due to additive noise, it is possible that the transmitted and received signals may not be the same. The return signal is assigned to equivalence classes based on the notion of Hamming distance. The figures of merit are defined in terms of appropriate cross correlation properties averaged over the neighbourhood of the transmitted sequence. For some binary and ternary sequences, the figures of merit are tabulated. They indicate the performance of the deterioration rate as the medium gets noisier. In addition, the Euclidean distance is considered and results were plotted for single errors. Here in this paper, the figures of merit are calculated up to four noise levels and the deterioration performance is evaluated.

http://www.wseas.us/e-library/conferences/2007hangzhou/papers/567-182.pdf

New figures of merit for range resolution radar using Hamming and Euclidean distance concepts

Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is emerging as preferred modulation scheme in modern high data rate wireless communication systems. A well known problem of OFDM system is sensitivity to frequency offset between the transmitted and received signals, which may be caused by Doppler shift in the channel or by the difference between the transmitter and receiver local oscillator frequencies. This carrier frequency offset causes loss of orthogonality between sub carriers and the signal transmitted on each carrier are not independent of each other, leading to inter carrier interference (ICI)[1]-[4]. In this paper, the effects of ICI have been analyzed and two solutions to combat ICI have been presented. The first method is a self cancellation scheme, in which redundant data is transmitted onto adjacent subcarriers such that the ICI between adjacent sub carriers cancels out at the receiver. The other technique the Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) method statistically estimate the frequency offset and correct the offset using the estimated value at the receiver.

/pdf/ici-reduction-using-extended-kalman-filter-in-ofdm-system-4qz217ealh.pdf

ICI Reduction using Extended Kalman Filter in OFDM System

Images acquired by optical, electro optical or electronic means are likely to be degraded by the sensing environment. The degradations may be in the form of sensor noise, blur due to camera misfocus, relative camera motion, random atmospheric turbulence, and so on. Image restoration is concerned with filtering the observed image to minimize the effect of degradation. The effectiveness of image restoration filters depends on the extent and accuracy of the knowledge of the degradation process as well as on the filter design criterion. In this paper, we have considered the performance of Wiener and (CLS) constrained least square filtering methods on the basis of noise to signal ratios, image power, noise power and histograms on restoration images.

Performance Comparison of Wiener Filter and CLS Filter on 2D Signals

Due to the advanced VLSI technology, Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) and Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) has been applied to wide field in wireless Communication applications. For modern communication systems, the FFT/IFFT is very important in the OFDM. Because of FFT/IFFT is the key computational block to execute the baseband multicarrier demodulation and modulation in OFDM system. An implementation of the 32-point FFT processor with radix-2 algorithm in R2MDC architecture is the processing element. This butterfly- Processing Element (PE) used in the 32-FFT processor reduces the multiplicative complexity by using real constant multiplication in one method and eliminates the multiplicative complexity by using add and shift operation in the proposed method.

Implementation of 32-Point FFT Processor for OFDM System

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