A novel method for logically routing a packet between a source machine that is in a first logical domain and a destination machine that is in a second logical domain is described. The method configures a managed switching element as a second-level managed switching element. The method configures a router in a host that includes the second-level managed switching element. The method communicatively couples the second-level managed switching element with the router. The method causes the router to route a packet when the router receives a packet from the first logical domain that is addressed to the second logical domain.

Distributed logical l3 routing

A network control system for interconnecting several separate networks. The system includes i) several interconnection switching elements, each of which is for connecting one of the separate networks to a common interconnecting network, ii) a first set of network controllers for managing a first set of the interconnection switching elements at a first set of separate networks in order for machines at different networks within the first set to communicate with each other, iii) a second set of network controllers for managing a second set of interconnection switching elements at a second set of separate networks in order for machines at different networks within the second set to communicate with each other, and iv) a third set of network controllers for managing the first and second sets of network controllers in order for machines at networks in the first set to communicate with machines at networks in the second set.

Federating interconnection switching element network to two or more levels

Some embodiments provide a method for managing a logical switching element that includes several logical ports. The logical switching element receives and sends data packets through the logical ports. The logical switching element is implemented in a set of managed switching elements that forward data packets in a network. The method provides a set of tables for specifying forwarding behaviors of the logical switching element. The method performs a set of database join operations on the tables to specify in the tables that the logical forwarding element drops a data packet received through a first logical port when the data packet is headed to a second logical port different than the first logical port.

Network control apparatus and method for port isolation

Some embodiments provide a system for implementing a logical network that includes a set of end machines, a first logical middlebox, and a second logical middlebox connected by a set of logical forwarding elements. The system includes a set of nodes. Each of several nodes includes (i) a virtual machine for implementing an end machine of the logical network, (ii) a managed switching element for implementing the set of logical forwarding elements of the logical network, and (iii) a middlebox element for implementing the first logical middlebox of the logical network. The system includes a physical middlebox appliance for implementing the second logical middlebox.

Architecture of networks with middleboxes

Some embodiments provide a network system. The network system includes a first set of host machines for hosting virtual machines that connect to each other through a logical network. The first set of host machines includes managed forwarding elements for forwarding data between the host machines. The network system includes a second set of host machines for hosting virtualized containers that operate as gateways for forwarding data between the virtual machines and an external network. At least one of the virtualized containers peers with at least one physical router in the external network in order to advertise addresses of the virtual machines to the physical router.

Route advertisement by managed gateways

In general, techniques are described for measuring packet data unit (PDU) loss in a L2 virtual private network (L2VPN) service, such as a VPLS instance In one example of the techniques, provider edge (PE) routers that participate in the L2VPN measure known unicast and multicast PDU traffic at the service endpoints for the instance to determine unicast PDU loss within the service provider network As the routers learn the outbound service (ie, core-facing) interfaces and outbound local (ie, customer-facing) interfaces for L2 addresses of customer devices that issue packets to the VPLS instance, the routers establish respective unicast transmit and receipt counters for the service endpoints that serve the customer devices In another example, PE routers that participate in the L2VPN measure multicast PDU traffic at the service endpoints for the instance and account for internal replication by intermediate service nodes to determine multicast PDU loss within the service

Packet loss measurement at service endpoints of a virtual private LAN service

A provider edge bridge in a service provider network receives multiple media access control (MAC) Registration Protocol (MMRP) registration messages from customer networks via tunnels. The provider edge bridge snoops the MMRP registration messages to obtain multicast MAC addresses from the registration messages, and tunnels the MMRP registration messages toward one or more other bridges. The provider edge bridge constructs multicast forwarding tables based on the multicast addresses obtained from snooping the MMRP registrations, and uses the multicast forwarding tables for forwarding data units from the provider edge bridge towards destinations.

Network provider bridge mmrp registration snooping

Techniques are described for supporting metro Ethernet “E-TREE” service over a packet-switched MPLS network, including a VPLS core, in a manner that allows a service provide to easily integrate with different types of technologies deployed by its various customers. Moreover, the techniques described herein provide increased flexibility with respect to the topology of the roots and leafs of the E-TREE service and, in particular, allow roots and leaf nodes to be coupled to a common router that provides access to the VPLS core. An NNI port of a PE router may process network traffic to provide E-TREE service to a bridged network having both leaf nodes and root nodes process and direct traffic between logical interfaces as changed next hops.

E-tree service having extended shared VLAN learning across VPLS network

In general, techniques are described for enhanced learning in layer two (L2) networks. A first network device of the intermediate network comprising a control unit and an interface may implement these techniques. The control unit executes a loop-prevention protocol (LPP) that determines a bridge identifier associated with a second network device of the intermediate network, where the first and second network devices each couple to a first network. The LPP selects the second network device as a root bridge and detects a topology change that splits the first network into sub-networks. The interface then outputs a message to direct remaining network devices of the intermediate network to clear L2 address information learned when forwarding L2 communications. The message includes the bridge identifier determined by the loop-prevention protocol as the root bridge and directs these remaining network devices to clear only the L2 addresses learned from this bridge identifier.

Enhanced address learning in layer two computer networks

The reliability of the connection of a client edge (CE) device to a core network may be improved using redundant provider edge (PE) devices. A first of the PE devices may monitor a connection to the core network, where the PE device acts as a root device in a set of devices that implement a spanning tree using a spanning tree protocol and where a second PE device in the set of devices additionally connects to the core network. The PE device may additionally detect failure of the connection of the PE device to the core network; and change, in response to the detected failure of the connection, a spanning tree protocol priority value of the device to a value having a lower priority than that of the second PE device.

Priority inversion with spanning tree protocol to trigger path switching

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