Device-to-Device (D2D) communication has emerged as a promising technology for optimizing spectral efficiency in future cellular networks. D2D takes advantage of the proximity of communicating devices for efficient utilization of available resources, improving data rates, reducing latency, and increasing system capacity. The research community is actively investigating the D2D paradigm to realize its full potential and enable its smooth integration into the future cellular system architecture. Existing surveys on this paradigm largely focus on interference and resource management. We review recently proposed solutions in over explored and under explored areas in D2D. These solutions include protocols, algorithms, and architectures in D2D. Furthermore, we provide new insights on open issues in these areas. Finally, we discuss potential future research directions.

A Survey of Device-to-Device Communications: Research Issues and Challenges

Thanks to the rapid development in mobile vehicles and wireless technologies, the Internet of Vehicles (IoV) has become an attractive application that can provide a large number of mobile services for drivers. Vehicles can be informed of the mobile position, direction, speed, and other real-time information of nearby vehicles to avoid traffic jams and accidents. However, the environments of IoV could be dangerous in the absence of security protections. Due to the openness and self-organization of IoV, there are enormous malicious attackers. To guarantee the safety of mobile services, we propose an effective decentralized authentication mechanism for IoV on the basis of the consensus algorithm of blockchain technology. The simulation under the veins framework is carried out to verify the feasibility of the scheme in reducing the selfish behavior and malicious attacks in IoV.

/pdf/an-improved-authentication-scheme-for-internet-of-vehicles-3f5cuxoa9b.pdf

An Improved Authentication Scheme for Internet of Vehicles Based on Blockchain Technology

Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) allow communication between stationary or moving vehicles with the assistance of wireless technology. Among various existing issues in smart VANETs, secure communication is the key challenge in VANETs with a 5G network. Smart vehicles must communicate with a broad range of advanced road systems including traffic control and smart payment systems. Many security mechanisms are used in VANETs to ensure safe transmission; one such mechanism is cryptographic digital signatures based on public key infrastructure (PKI). In this mechanism, secret private keys are used for digital signatures to validate the identity of the message along with the sender. However, the validation of the digital signatures in fast-moving vehicles is extremely difficult. Based on an improved perceptron model of an artificial neural network (ANN), this paper proposes an efficient technique for digital signature verification. Still, manual signatures are extensively used for authentication across the world. However, manual signatures are still not employed for security in automotive and mobile networks. The process of converting manual signatures to pseudo-digital-signatures was simulated using the improved Elman backpropagation (I-EBP) model. A digital signature was employed during network connection to authenticate the legitimacy of the sender’s communications. Because it contained information about the vehicle on the road, there was scope for improvement in protecting the data from attackers. Compared to existing schemes, the proposed technique achieved significant gains in computational overhead, aggregate verification delay, and aggregate signature size.

/pdf/improved-recurrent-neural-network-schema-for-validating-2680187q.pdf

Improved Recurrent Neural Network Schema for Validating Digital Signatures in VANET

Today, the rapid growth of vehicles connected to the Internet enables provides various services to consumers, including traffic management, traffic safety, and entertainment. Vehicular Ad-Hoc Network (VANET) is one of the most prominent and emerging technologies on the Internet of Vehicular Things (IoVT). This technology offers to fulfill requirements such as robust information exchange, and infotainment among vehicles for the smart city environment. Still, it has some challenges such as centralization, storage, security, and privacy because all city vehicular networks send vehicles and road-related information data directly to the cloud. This article proposes BIIoVT: Blockchain-based Secure Storage Architecture for Intelligent Internet of Vehicular Things (IIVoT) to mitigate the above-mention issues. Blockchain provides security and privacy at each city's vehicular networks and decentralized storage at the cloud layer with a Distributed Hash Table (DHT). It also examines how the vehicular network offers a secure platform. The validation results of the proposed architecture show an outstanding balance of secure storage and efficiency for the IoVT compared to existing methods.

BIIoVT: Blockchain-based Secure Storage Architecture for Intelligent Internet of Vehicular Things

The world has seen an influx of connected devices through both smart devices and smart cities, paving the path forward for the Internet of Things (IoT). These emerging intelligent infrastructures and applications based on IoT can be beneficial to users only if essential private and secure features are assured. However, with constrained devices being the norm in IoT, security and privacy are often minimized. In this paper, we first categorize various existing privacy-enhancing technologies (PETs) and assessment of their suitability for privacy-requiring services within IoT. We also categorize potential privacy risks, threats, and leakages related to various IoT use cases. Furthermore, we propose a simple novel privacy-preserving framework based on a set of suitable privacy-enhancing technologies in order to maintain security and privacy within IoT services. Our study can serve as a baseline of privacy-by-design strategies applicable to IoT based services, with a particular focus on smart things, such as safety equipment.

A Privacy-Enhancing Framework for Internet of Things Services

With the rapid development of the Internet of Things, VANETs (Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks) have become an attractive ad-hoc network that brings convenience into people’s lives. Vehicles can be informed of the position, direction, speed and other real-time information of nearby vehicles to avoid traffic jams and accidents. However, VANET environments could be dangerous in the absence of security protection. Because of the open nature and self-organization of VANETs, there are plenty of malicious pathways. To guarantee vehicle security, the research aims to provide an effective VANET security mechanism that can track malicious vehicles as necessary. Therefore, this work focuses on malicious vehicles and proposes an anonymous authentication scheme in VANETs based on the Fair Blind Signature to protect vehicle security.

http://www.tspsub.com//uploads/attached/file/20190110/20190110014809_86610.pdf

A Fair Blind Signature Scheme to Revoke Malicious Vehicles in VANETs

Vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) is a traffic application of wireless sensor network, which is also a new mobile ad hoc networks composed of vehicle nodes, roadside units, service providers and other components. In VANET, data is transmitted by the wireless channel, which is subject to potential threat like information leak and data attack due to the openness and sensitivity of the auto organization network itself. How to ensure the identity privacy and trusted communication in VANETs is the key issue to be solved urgently. The existing work usually uses authentication mechanism, but the user's privacy disclosure is inevitable during the authentication process. Some anonymous authentication schemes have been proposed to solve the problem of privacy disclosure regardless of considering anonymity abuse. However, anonymity abuse is also severe in VANET. In view of the above problems, this paper proposes a scheme based on fair blind signature and secret sharing algorithm. By security analysis and expe...

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/00051144.2018.1426294

A VANET privacy protection scheme based on fair blind signature and secret sharing algorithm

Vehicular ad hoc networks are traffic applications of the Internet of Things, which are composed of vehicle nodes, roadside units, service providers, and other components. In a vehicular ad hoc network, data transmission and management rely heavily on the wireless channel, which is subject to potential threats such as information leakage and data attacks due to the openness of the automotive network. The construction of a secure and trusted system that does not damage the privacy of vehicular ad hoc networks must be further addressed. Existing works usually focus on the anonymous authentication mechanism but neglect anonymity abuse. Furthermore, they always require a trusted third party as a central authority, which causes some security problems. In view of these problems, this article proposes a scheme that is based on the no-certificate-center algorithm. By security analysis and experiments, the scheme is proved to have higher anonymity and higher efficiency.

A vehicular ad hoc network privacy protection scheme without a trusted third party

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A Fair Blind Signature Scheme to Revoke Malicious Vehicles in VANETs

A VANET privacy protection scheme based on fair blind signature and secret sharing algorithm

A vehicular ad hoc network privacy protection scheme without a trusted third party