Conductive biomaterials based on conductive polymers, carbon nanomaterials, or conductive inorganic nanomaterials demonstrate great potential in wound healing and skin tissue engineering, owing to the similar conductivity to human skin, good antioxidant and antibacterial activities, electrically controlled drug delivery, and photothermal effect. However, a review highlights the design and application of conductive biomaterials for wound healing and skin tissue engineering is lacking. In this review, the design and fabrication methods of conductive biomaterials with various structural forms including film, nanofiber, membrane, hydrogel, sponge, foam, and acellular dermal matrix for applications in wound healing and skin tissue engineering and the corresponding mechanism in promoting the healing process were summarized. The approaches that conductive biomaterials realize their great value in healing wounds via three main strategies (electrotherapy, wound dressing, and wound assessment) were reviewed. The application of conductive biomaterials as wound dressing when facing different wounds including acute wound and chronic wound (infected wound and diabetic wound) and for wound monitoring is discussed in detail. The challenges and perspectives in designing and developing multifunctional conductive biomaterials are proposed as well.
Highlights:
1 The design and application of conductive biomaterials for wound healing are comprehensively reviewed, including versatile conductive agents, the various forms of conductive wound dressings, and different in vivo applications.2 Three main strategies of which conductive biomaterials realizing their applications in wound healing and skin tissue engineering are discussed.3 The challenges and perspectives in designing multifunctional conductive biomaterials and further clinical translation are proposed.

Conductive Biomaterials as Bioactive Wound Dressing for Wound Healing and Skin Tissue Engineering.

Skin is the largest organ of the human body, protecting it against the external environment. Despite high self-regeneration potential, severe skin defects will not heal spontaneously and need to be covered by skin substitutes. Tremendous progress has been made in the field of skin tissue engineering, in recent years, to develop new skin substitutes. Among them, hydrogels are one of the candidates with most potential to mimic the native skin microenvironment, due to their porous and hydrated molecular structure. They can be applied as a permanent or temporary dressing for different wounds to support the regeneration and healing of the injured epidermis, dermis, or both. Based on the material used for their fabrication, hydrogels can be subdivided into two main groups—natural and synthetic. Moreover, hydrogels can be reinforced by incorporating nanoparticles to obtain “in situ” hybrid hydrogels, showing superior properties and tailored functionality. In addition, different sensors can be embedded in hydrogel wound dressings to provide real-time information about the wound environment. This review focuses on the most recent developments in the field of hydrogel-based skin substitutes for skin replacement. In particular, we discuss the synthesis, fabrication, and biomedical application of novel “smart” hydrogels.

Advanced Hydrogels as Wound Dressings.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajps.2022.01.001

Antibacterial biomaterials for skin wound dressing

Natural composite dressings based on collagen, gelatin and plant bioactive compounds for wound healing: A review.

Recent trends on wound management: New therapeutic choices based on polymeric carriers.

Wounds are of a variety of types and each category has its own distinctive healing requirements. This realization has spurred the development of a myriad of wound dressings, each with specific characteristics. It is unrealistic to expect a singular dressing to embrace all characteristics that would fulfill generic needs for wound healing. However, each dressing may approach the ideal requirements by deviating from the 'one size fits all approach', if it conforms strictly to the specifications of the wound and the patient. Indeed, a functional wound dressing should achieve healing of the wound with minimal time and cost expenditures. This article offers an insight into several different types of polymeric materials clinically used in wound dressings and the events taking place at cellular level, which aid the process of healing, while the biomaterial dressing interacts with the body tissue. Hence, the significance of using synthetic polymer films, foam dressings, hydrocolloids, alginate dressings, and hydrogels has been reviewed, and the properties of these materials that conform to wound-healing requirements have been explored. A special section on bioactive dressings and bioengineered skin substitutes that play an active part in healing process has been re-examined in this work.

/pdf/synthetic-polymeric-biomaterials-for-wound-healing-a-review-53fhdjkkf6.pdf

Synthetic polymeric biomaterials for wound healing: a review

The emergence and rapid growth of “omics” has led to a radical change in the viewpoint of life sciences research. Plant metabolomics is a progressing field of study in plant biology where lipidomics is one of the subunits of metabolomics, covering the entire lipidome of the plant body. Previously, mass spectrometry has been used to study plant lipidome and is presently coupled with various chromatographic techniques to produce more accurate results. Different environmental conditions and stresses contribute to the varying lipids profiling of plants. Numerous environmental stresses trigger lipid-facilitated signaling such as pathogen attack, temperature change, salinity, and drought. N-acylethanolamine, oxylipins, lysophospholipid, phosphatidic acid, inositol phosphate, fatty acid, sphingolipid, diacylglycerol, and N-acylethanolamine have all been suggested to have a signaling role. This chapter reviews various analytical techniques for studying plant lipids. Latest research carried out on lipids variations due to different environmental stresses have also been focused upon in the chapter.

Technological Platforms to Study Plant Lipidomics

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Synthetic polymeric biomaterials for wound healing: a review

Technological Platforms to Study Plant Lipidomics