Air filtration materials (AFMs) have gradually become a research hotspot on account of the increasing attention paid to the global air quality problem. However, most AFMs cannot balance the contrad...

Multistructured Electrospun Nanofibers for Air Filtration: A Review.

The demand for face masks is increasing exponentially due to the coronavirus pandemic and issues associated with airborne particulate matter (PM) However, both conventional electrostatic- and nanosieve-based mask filters are single-use and are not degradable or recyclable, which creates serious waste problems In addition, the former loses function under humid conditions, while the latter operates with a significant air-pressure drop and suffers from relatively fast pore blockage Herein, a biodegradable, moisture-resistant, highly breathable, and high-performance fibrous mask filter is developed Briefly, two biodegradable microfiber and nanofiber mats are integrated into a Janus membrane filter and then coated by cationically charged chitosan nanowhiskers This filter is as efficient as the commercial N95 filter and removes 98 3% of 2 5 µm PM The nanofiber physically sieves fine PM and the microfiber provides a low pressure differential of 59 Pa, which is comfortable for human breathing In contrast to the dramatic performance decline of the commercial N95 filter when exposed to moisture, this filter exhibits negligible performance loss and is therefore multi-usable because the permanent dipoles of the chitosan adsorb ultrafine PM (e g , nitrogen and sulfur oxides) Importantly, this filter completely decomposes within 4 weeks in composting soil © 2021 The Authors Published by Wiley-VCH GmbH

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/advs.202003155

Biodegradable, Efficient, and Breathable Multi-Use Face Mask Filter

The outbreak of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has triggered great global public health concern. Face masks are essential tools to reduce the spread of SARS-CoV-2 from human to human. However, there are still challenges to prolong the serving life and maintain the filtering performance of the current commercial mask. Filters composed of ultrafine fibers with diameter down to tens of nanometers have the potential to physically block viruses. With adjustable composition and nanostructures, the electrospun ultrafine fiber filter is possible to achieve other necessary functions beyond virus blocking, such as antiviral, transparent, and degradable, making it an important part of fighting the epidemic. In this review, beginning with the basic information of the viruses, we summarize the knowledge of masks and respirators, including the filtering mechanism, structure, classification, and standards. We further present the fabrication method, filtering performance, and reusable potential of electrospun ultrafine fiber-based masks. In the end, we discuss the development directions of ultrafine fibers in protective devices, especially their new functional applications and possible contributions in the prevention and control of the epidemic.

Electrospun ultrafine fibers for advanced face masks

Particulate matter (PM) pollution has become a serious public health issue, especially with outbreaks of emerging infectious diseases. However, most present filters are bulky, opaque, and show low-efficiency PM0.3 /pathogen interception and inevitable trade-off between PM removal and air permeability. Here, a unique electrospraying-netting technique is used to create spider-web-inspired network generator (SWING) air filters. Manipulation of the dynamic of the Taylor cone and phase separation of its ejected droplets enable the generation of 2D self-charging nanostructured networks on a large scale. The resultant SWING filters show exceptional long-range electrostatic property driven by aeolian vibration, enabling self-sustained PM adhesion. Combined with their Steiner-tree-structured pores (size 200-300 nm) consisting of nanowires (diameter 12 nm), the SWING filters exhibit high efficiency (>99.995% PM0.3 removal), low air resistance ( 82%), and remarkable bioprotective activity for biohazard pathogens. This work may shed light on designing new fibrous materials for environmental and energy applications.

https://www.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/adma.202002361

Spider-Web-Inspired PM0.3 Filters Based on Self-Sustained Electrostatic Nanostructured Networks.

Environmentally friendly waterborne polyurethane nanofibrous membranes by emulsion electrospinning for waterproof and breathable textiles

Drug delivery plays a vital role in medicine and health, but the on-demand delivery of large-sized drugs using stimuli-triggered carriers is extremely challenging. Most present capsules consist of polymeric dense shells with nanosized pores ( 100 nm), which enable both extraordinary anti-infection and bone regeneration. This work provides new insights into the design and development of multifunctional encapsulation and delivery carriers for medical and environmental applications.

Pinecone-Inspired Nanoarchitectured Smart Microcages Enable Nano/Microparticle Drug Delivery

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.11.012

Matrix from urine stem cells boosts tissue-specific stem cell mediated functional cartilage reconstruction

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Spider-Web-Inspired PM0.3 Filters Based on Self-Sustained Electrostatic Nanostructured Networks.

Pinecone-Inspired Nanoarchitectured Smart Microcages Enable Nano/Microparticle Drug Delivery

Matrix from urine stem cells boosts tissue-specific stem cell mediated functional cartilage reconstruction