Surface modification of titanium and titanium alloys: Technologies, developments, and future interests

The hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) constitute the two main processes in electrochemical water splitting to produce high-purity hydrogen and oxygen as alternatives to fossil fuel. Catalysts are crucial to high-efficiency conversion of water to hydrogen and oxygen. Although transition metal nitrides (TMNs) are promising HER and OER catalysts due to the unique electronic structure and high electrical conductivity, single-phase nitrides have inferior activity compared to Pt-group metals because of the unsatisfactory metal–hydrogen (M–H) bonding strength. TMNs-based composites in combination with other metals, carbon materials, and metallic compounds have been demonstrated to possess improved catalytic properties because the modified electronic structure leads to balanced M–H bonding strength, synergistic effects, and improved electrochemical stability. Herein, recent progress pertaining to TMNs is reviewed from the perspective of advanced catalysts for electrochemical water splitting. The challenges and future opportunities confronting TMNs-based catalysts are also discussed.

Recent progress of transition metal nitrides for efficient electrocatalytic water splitting

Ti and Ti-based alloys have unique properties such as high strength, low density and excellent corrosion resistance. These properties are essential for the manufacture of lightweight and high strength components for biomedical applications. In this paper, Ti properties such as metallurgy, mechanical properties, surface modification, corrosion resistance, biocompatibility and osseointegration in biomedical applications have been discussed. This paper also analyses the advantages and disadvantages of various Ti manufacturing processes for biomedical applications such as casting, powder metallurgy, cold and hot working, machining, laser engineering net shaping (LEN), superplastic forming, forging and ring rolling. The contributions of this research are twofold, firstly scrutinizing the behaviour of Ti and Ti-based alloys in-vivo and in-vitro experiments in biomedical applications to determine the factors leading to failure, and secondly strategies to achieve desired properties essential to improving the quality of patient outcomes after receiving surgical implants. Future research will be directed toward manufacturing of Ti for medical applications by improving the production process, for example using optimal design approaches in additive manufacturing and investigating alloys containing other materials in order to obtain better medical and mechanical characteristics.

Titanium in biomedical applications—properties and fabrication: a review

Development and characterization of laser clad high temperature self-lubricating wear resistant composite coatings on Ti–6Al–4V alloy

The wear performances of titanium oxide films, produced by anodic oxidation, in vacuum conditions were investigated. Anodic oxidation treatments were carried out at − 3 and 40 °C temperatures using H 2 SO 4 (1.5 M)–H 3 PO 4 (0.3 M) solution and voltage of 200 V. Wear tests were performed at ambient air, pressures of 10 − 3  mbar and 10 − 6  mbar. Anodizing process produced a porous oxide layer on the surface. Although the pore size decreased with increasing process temperature, surface roughness decreased. Hardness results showed that anodic oxidation at lower temperatures produced oxide film with higher hardness. Wear rate of CP-Ti significantly decreased with anodic oxidation treatment in all wear conditions since oxide film acted like a solid lubricant. The best wear resistance was obtained from the hard-anodized samples both in ambient air and vacuum conditions.

Investigation of wear behavior of titanium oxide films, produced by anodic oxidation, on commercially pure titanium in vacuum conditions

Considerable progress has been made in improving the tribological properties of titanium alloys by application of surface engineering technologies such as physical vapour deposition (PVD) and plasma nitriding. PVD coatings produce very hard, low friction surfaces, but may be susceptible to coating fracture and delamination under high normal load sliding wear conditions. Plasma nitriding produces a nitrogen-strengthened diffusion layer beneath the coating, which should have beneficial effects on the coating's ability to support high normal load sliding wear. There do not appear to be any published works which clearly demonstrate and quantify this effect for TiAlV alloy under controlled experimental conditions. The current work investigates the comparative sliding wear behaviour of TiN and TiN/Ti2N thin films deposited by PVD and plasma nitriding processes, respectively, and seeks to quantify the relative improvements to sliding wear behaviour afforded by the two surface treatments. The results confirm the theory, showing that the increased hardness/strength of the substrate in the plasma nitrided material is responsible for a significant improvement in sliding wear behaviour under all normal loads considered.

Sliding wear of titanium nitride thin films deposited on Ti–6Al–4V alloy by PVD and plasma nitriding processes

Popular Tasks used by Researchers

How can I help with your research?

Get more enhanced response by uploading the PDFs you want me to reference.

No relevant PDFs in your library

SciSpace is the AI research assistant for academics. Run systematic literature reviews on 280M+ papers, and write papers with cited sources. Trusted by 1M+ students, PhDs & researchers.

SciSpace | AI for Research

We encountered an error while loading the panel. Please try refreshing the page.

Something went wrong

Analyze PDFs

Code & Manuscripts

Funding & Grants

Literature & Patents

Medical & Clinical Data

Systematic Review

Visualize & Present

Web & Data

Build a Google Scholar-like website for your research.

Build a website

Create charts and images for your research

Create a Chart

Write a paper for submission to a journal

Draft a manuscript

Patent Search

Design eye-catching scientific posters in minutes.

Scientific Poster Generation

Systematic Literature Review

Anyone with the link can view this chat. You can switch it back to private anytime.

One task is running at the moment. Your messages will be shown right after.

Drag and drop or click here to browse

Loved by <highlight>1 million+</highlight> researchers

Extract a list of specific topics and their sources from unstructured text

Topics

Compare and analyze relevant papers that matches with your search

Papers

Get insights from PDFs and bookmarked papers from your library

My library

Recent searches

Try searching for:

Catch AI-generated content in scholarly and non-scholarly content

{ai} Detector

Ai Writer

Get PDF Summaries, highlighted text explanations 

Chat with PDF

Effortlessly create in-text citations and bibliographies in APA and 2,500 other formats

Citation generator

Get explanations, summaries, and answers on academic papers

Ease up your research workflow with {scispace}'s cohort of exciting AI tools

Elevate your academic writing skills and convey your ideas the way you want

Paraphraser

Explore our range of reading and writing tools

Your file is being prepared and should be ready in a few minutes. If it's a large file, it might take a bit longer. You can close this window, and we'll email you the file when it's done.

You have reached a maximum limit of <strong>{limit}</strong> columns in the table. Remove at least <strong>1</strong> column to add or create another one.

S. Braun

Author Tools

Chat about Author

Papers

Sliding wear of titanium nitride thin films deposited on Ti–6Al–4V alloy by PVD and plasma nitriding processes