A novel wideband circularly polarized microstrip patch antenna (MPA) with multimode resonance is proposed in this letter. The TM1/2,0 mode, the zeroth-order mode, and the TM1,0 mode are excited by inserting the shorting pins underneath the driven patch and the parasitic patch. Therefore, a wide impedance bandwidth is achieved under triple-mode resonance. By sequentially rotating the triple-mode elements, a circularly polarized MPA is developed with a four-feed network. Additionally, four metallic side walls are employed to obtain desirable radiation performances. For demonstration, a prototype of the proposed antenna is fabricated and measured. The measured −10 dB impedance bandwidth is 96% (1.53–4.39 GHz) and 3 dB axial ratio bandwidth is 86% (1.74–4.36 GHz). Meanwhile, a low profile with the height of 0.037 λ 0 ( λ 0 is the wavelength in free space at the lowest operating frequency) is obtained. Such a wideband, low-profile, and circularly polarized antenna is very promising for modern wireless communication applications.

Wideband Circularly Polarized Microstrip Patch Antenna With Multimode Resonance

This article presents a 3-D-printed dielectric rod antenna with wideband circular polarization. The proposed dielectric device comprises two main components: a launching part and a radiating part. The launching part consists of three cylindrical sections with stepped permittivity for wideband impedance matching to the rectangular waveguide feed. The radiating part is a tapered dielectric rod with two helical grooves that generate circular polarization. The experimental results verify that the proposed antenna exhibits a wide impedance bandwidth of 60.3% from 4.05 to 7.55 GHz, a wide 3 dB axial ratio bandwidth of 57.0% from 4.20 to 7.55 GHz, a high realized gain varying within 8.3 and 11.5 dBiC over the whole band, and the desired stable endfire radiation patterns. The 3-D printing technology provides a viable approach to realization of the proposed complicated geometry in a single piece with high accuracy and great flexibility.

Wideband Circularly Polarized 3-D Printed Dielectric Rod Antenna

Frequency detuning issues in antenna operation due to structural deformation have become a concern, especially for flexible devices such as a textile antenna. Under deformed conditions such as during bending, the antenna might not operate at the desired frequency, causing performance degradation. Therefore, a 1.575 GHz textile antenna for GPS tracking application with defected ground structure is proposed in this paper to alleviate the frequency detuning issues and is demonstrated under two bending conditions, H-plane and E-plane. The implementation of DGS is expected to minimize the frequency detuning by increasing the bandwidth. Hence, the frequency detuning effects could be minimized under bent conditions with broader bandwidth and acceptable antenna performance. In this paper, a planar textile-based antenna with the dimension of 90mm ( <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$L$ </tex-math></inline-formula> ) <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\times100$ </tex-math></inline-formula> mm ( <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$W$ </tex-math></inline-formula> ) was designed, and three rectangular slots were applied at the ground to create DGS. A self-developed electro-textile and polyester were used as the antenna conductive material and substrate. Through the study, a detailed analysis was conducted for both antennas, with and without DGS. The significance of DGS in the proposed design is evaluated and clarified by comparing electric and magnetic field intensities in non-radiating and radiating edges. The detailed performance comparison were observed and analyzed through S-parameter, gain, radiation pattern, and current distribution. The technical performance of the proposed technique is validated through simulation and measurement. DGS implementation has improved the antenna bandwidth from 4.04% to 12.20%, with 1.45dB gain and 23.75% radiation efficiency. As a result, the antenna can operate at the desired frequency under both bending conditions. DGS method provides simplicity in its design, and this method has been widely used in conventional antennas previously. However, the detailed behaviour of field intensity around the non-radiating and radiating edges have not been demonstrated and analyzed. Therefore, the validation of the proposed design through a detailed analysis of E-field and H field intensity concerning antenna configurations; with and without DGS becomes the main contribution of this paper. In addition, the study of bending on different bending radius is also conducted in this paper. 

Analysis on Bending Performance of the Electro-Textile Antennas With Bandwidth Enhancement for Wearable Tracking Application

Three‐port circularly polarized MIMO antenna for WLAN application with pattern and polarization diversity

Deep learning (DL) has made significant strides in medical imaging. This review article presents an in-depth analysis of DL applications in medical imaging, focusing on the challenges, methods, and future perspectives. We discuss the impact of DL on the diagnosis and treatment of diseases and how it has revolutionized the medical imaging field. Furthermore, we examine the most recent DL techniques, such as convolutional neural networks (CNNs), recurrent neural networks (RNNs), and generative adversarial networks (GANs), and their applications in medical imaging. Lastly, we provide insights into the future of DL in medical imaging, highlighting its potential advancements and challenges.

Applying Deep Learning to Medical Imaging: A Review

A low-profile wideband circularly polarized (CP) magnetoelectric (ME) antenna with high-gain and an end-fire radiation beam is proposed in this paper. It consists of a magnetic dipole (M-dipole) and two pairs of printed crossed strips to produce vertically and horizontally polarized E-field components, respectively. With the appropriate combination, the proposed ME antenna exhibits an inherent 90°-phase difference at endfire for these two field components. CP end-fire radiation, therefore, can be achieved. Two techniques using the L-probe coupled feeding structure to excite the M-dipole operating at both the basic ( $0.5\lambda $ -) and higher ( $1.5\lambda $ -) modes for the dual-mode resonances and using two pairs of printed strips with different dimensions for the dual-frequency resonances are introduced to realize the wideband operation. The measurement results show that the wide impedance bandwidth (IMBW) of 2.40–4.24 GHz (1.84 GHz, 55.4%) and 3 dB axial-ratio bandwidth (ARBW) of 2.36–3.86 GHz (1.5 GHz, 48.2%) are achieved. In addition, the stable end-fire radiation patterns with a peak gain of 7.57 dBi are observed over the operating band. The bandwidth for 3 dB gain variation is 2.34–3.97 GHz. Hence, the proposed antenna with its main beam in parallel with the substrate shows the potential for some point-to-point communications such as the radio-frequency identification (RFID) system.

A Low-Profile Wideband CP End-Fire Magnetoelectric Antenna Using Dual-Mode Resonances

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A Low-Profile Wideband CP End-Fire Magnetoelectric Antenna Using Dual-Mode Resonances