An ad hoc network organizes itself to provide communications without need for an a priori designated central control mechanism or base stations Such self-organization is challenging in a multihop ad hoc network having member nodes that are highly mobile and widely distributed A Synchronous Collision Resolution (SCR) protocol and a Node State Routing (NSR) protocol are well suited to provide efficient ad hoc network organization SCR is an access protocol that achieves high capacity collision free access using a signaling approach that creates a random cellular-like network after each signaling period NSR is a routing protocol that uses the dissemination of node states to predict link availability and to assign metrics to those links for the creation of optimized routes In use, the present invention provides quality of service and supports energy conservation for the mobile nodes

An access and routing protocol for ad hoc networks using synchronous collision resolution and node state dissemination

A multi-well plate which prevents cross-contamination of specimens through the use of a resilient gasket which covers a majority of the top of the plate and is compressed by a lid. It thus provides a sealing assembly for arrays of containers of any size or shape. A multi-well plate of modular construction is also disclosed in which resilient gaskets prevent cross-contamination of samples. The gaskets may be unitary sheets with or without an array of openings corresponding to the well openings or may consist of discrete single-lell gaskets. A multi-well plate in which the wells have conical ends is also provided.

Apparatus for preventing cross-contamination of multi-well test plates

The present invention provides multi-well plates and column arrays in which samples (eg, cell lysates containing nucleic acids of interest, such as RNA) can be analyzed and/or processed In one embodiment, the microfiltration arrangement is a multilayer structure, including: (i) a column plate having an array of minicolumns into which samples can be placed; (ii) a discrete filter element disposed in each minicolumn; (iii) a drip-director plate having a corresponding array of drip directors through which filtrate may egress; and (iv) a receiving-well plate having a corresponding array of receiving wells into which filtrate can flow The invention provides multi-well microfiltration arrangements that are relatively simple to manufacture and that overcome many of the problems associated with the prior arrangements relating to: (i) cross-contamination due to wicking across a common filter sheet or (ii) individual filter elements entrapping sample constituents within substantial dead volumes Further, the invention provides multi-well microfiltration arrangements that adequately support discrete filter elements disposed in the wells without creating substantial preferential flow Additionally, the invention provides multi-well microfiltration arrangements that avoid cross-contamination due to aerosol formation, pendant drops and/or splattering Other disclosed features of the invention provide for the automated covering or heat-sealing of filtrate samples separately collected in an array of wells

Multi-well microfiltration apparatus

In a first embodiment, this invention includes an integrated robot apparatus for performing combinatorial chemistry synthesis protocols and having interchangeable work-stations, robot arm tools, and reaction vessels and reaction vessel arrays. The work-stations and tools are specialized to perform tasks necessary for the synthesis in a plurality of the reaction vessels grouped in a plurality of the reaction vessel arrays. Preferably, these elements function interchangeably because they have standardized sizes and conformation. The work-stations and tools include those for fluid dispensing or aspirating from individual reaction vessels or from all the reaction vessels in an array simultaneously. The reaction vessels can include, alternatively, stackable, ball-sealed reaction vessels, microtitre-like reaction vessel arrays, arrays of independent reaction vessels, valve-sealed reaction vessels, septum-sealed reaction vessels, and syringe reaction vessels. In alternative embodiments, this invention includes these work-stations, tools, reaction vessels and reaction vessel arrays in various combinations or sub-combinations either for use in partially integrated robots or for manual or standalone use.

Apparatus and method for combinatorial chemistry synthesis

A cover effective to releasably seal a multiwell container, such as a microtitration plate (24), is disclosed. The cover (34) contains a pad (40), fashioned from a flexible polymer sheet, and a plurality of resiliently compressible ridges formed on the sheet. The ridges are deformable, such that application of pressure applied to the cover is effective to form a fluid-tight seal between the pad and the well openings. The ridges extend from the pad sufficiently to break the seal upon release of the pressure.

Releasable multiwell plate cover

An array of reaction tube covers adapted to seal a plurality of reaction tubes comprises a unitary body of flexible material having a plurality of flexible plastic nodules. Each nodule is adapted to seal one of the reaction tubes. Each of the nodules is flexible held in a predetermined planar spaced relationship from each other in rows, preferably in rows and columns, by an integral web having a plurality of apertures therethrough. Each of the nodules has a downwardly convex, generally hemispherical lower portion extending from the web, an upwardly convex upper portion extending from the web over the lower portion, and a centrally domed nipple extending upwardly from the upper portion.

Cover for array of reaction tubes

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Cover for array of reaction tubes