The researcher investigated the use of three types of dictionaries while reading by high school students with severe to profound hearing loss. The objective of the study was to determine the effectiveness of each type of dictionary for acquiring the meanings of unknown vocabulary in text. The three types of dictionaries were (a) an online bilingual multimedia English–American Sign Language (ASL) dictionary (OBMEAD), (b) a paper English-ASL dictionary (PBEAD), and (c) an online monolingual English dictionary (OMED). It was found that for immediate recall of target words, the OBMEAD was superior to both the PBEAD and the OMED. For later recall, no significant difference appeared between the OBMEAD and the PBEAD. For both of these, recall was statistically superior to recall for words learned via the OMED.

/pdf/the-efficacy-of-dictionary-use-while-reading-for-learning-2rb4yvacpp.pdf

The efficacy of dictionary use while reading for learning new words.

The paper reports a study that aimed to determine whether character’s visual style has an effect on how signing avatars are perceived by viewers. The stimuli of the study were two polygonal characters that presented two different visual styles: stylized and realistic. Each character signed four sentences. Forty-seven participants with experience in American Sign Language (ASL) viewed the animated signing clips in random order via web survey. They (1) identified the signed sentences (if recognizable), (2) rated their legibility, and (3) rated the appeal of the signing avatar. Findings show that while character’s visual style does not have an effect on subjects’ perceived legibility of the signs and sign recognition, it has an effect on their interest in the character. The stylized signing avatar was perceived as more appealing than the realistic one.

Does Character’s Visual Style Affect Viewer’s Perception of Signing Avatars?

The goal of the study reported in the paper was to determine whether rendering style (non-photorealistic versus realistic) has an effect on perception of American Sign Language (ASL) finger spelling animations. Sixty-nine (69) subjects participated in the experiment; all subjects were ASL users. The participants were asked to watch forty (40) sign language animation clips representing twenty (20) finger spelled words. Twenty (20) clips were rendered using photorealistic rendering style, whereas the other twenty (20) were rendered in a non-photorealistic rendering style (e.g. cel shading). After viewing each animation, subjects were asked to type the word being finger-spelled and rate its legibility. Findings show that rendering style has an effect on perception of the signed words. Subjects were able to recognize the animated words rendered with cel shading with higher level of accuracy, and the legibility ratings of the cel shaded animations were consistently higher across subjects.

/pdf/the-effect-of-rendering-style-on-perception-of-sign-language-118yor73ut.pdf

The Effect of Rendering Style on Perception of Sign Language Animations

We describe a graphical user interface designed to allow non-expert users to pose 3D characters to create American Sign Language (ASL) computer animation. The interface is an important component of a software system that allows educators of the Deaf to add sign language translation, in the form of 3D character animations, to digital learning materials, thus making them accessible to deaf learners. A study indicates that users with no computer animation expertize can create animated ASL signs quickly and accurately.

/pdf/a-non-expert-user-interface-for-posing-signing-avatars-7heyl7n4pr.pdf

A non-expert-user interface for posing signing avatars

The goal of the study reported in the paper was to determine whether Ambient Occlusion Shading (AOS) has a perception of American Sign Language (ASL) finger spelling animations. Seventy-one (71) subjects participated in the study; all subjects were fluent in ASL. The participants were asked to watch forty (40) sign language animation clips representing twenty (20) finger spelled words. Twenty (20) clips did not show ambient occlusion, whereas the other twenty (20) were rendered using ambient occlusion shading. After viewing each animation, subjects were asked to type the word being finger-spelled and rate its legibility. Findings show that the presence of AOS had a perception of the signed words. Subjects were able to recognize the animated words rendered with AOS with higher level of accuracy, and the legibility ratings of the animations showing AOS were consistently higher across subjects.

The Effect of Ambient Occlusion Shading on Perception of Sign Language Animations

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