Jump-resonance is a phenomenon observed in non-linear circuits where the amplitude of the output signal exhibits an abrupt jump when the frequency of the input signal is varied. For Gm-C filters used in the design of analog auditory front-ends (AFEs), jump-resonance is generally considered to be undesirable and several techniques have been proposed in literature to avoid or alleviate this artifact. In this paper we explore the use of jump-resonance based hysteresis in Gm-C band-pass filters for encoding speech formant trajectories. Using prototypes of silicon AFEs fabricated in a 0.5 μm CMOS process, we demonstrate the benefits of the proposed approach for extracting speaker discriminative features. These benefits are validated using speaker recognition experiments where consistent improvements in equal-error-rates (EERs) are achieved using the jump-resonance based features as compared to conventional features.

Exploiting Jump-Resonance Hysteresis in Silicon Auditory Front-Ends for Extracting Speaker Discriminative Formant Trajectories

A description is given of the principle of operation of a novel frequency meter which makes use of the phenomenon of jump resonance. The prototype instrument gives better than one percent accuracy over the audio and low radio frequency range and accepts inputs with a wide range of waveforms.

A Novel Frequency Meter Using Jump Resonance

OF THE DISSERTATION Nanopower Analog Frontends for Cyber-Physical Systems by Kenji Aono Doctor of Philosophy in Computer Engineering Washington University in St. Louis, 2018 Professor Shantanu Chakrabartty, Chair In a world that is increasingly dominated by advances made in digital systems, this work will explore the exploiting of naturally occurring physical phenomena to pave the way towards a self-powered sensor for Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS). In general, a sensor frontend can be broken up into a handful of basic stages: transduction, filtering, energy conversion, measurement, and interfacing. One analog artifact that was investigated for filtering was the physical phenomenon of hysteresis induced in current-mode biquads driven near or at their saturation limit. Known as jump resonance, this analog construct facilitates a higher quality factor to be brought about without resorting to the addition of multiple stages and poles in the filter. Exploiting this allows a filter that mimics mammalian cochlea using nW of power, and the viability of such a filter was demonstrated in the application of speaker recognition. Features were extracted using a silicon cochlea analog frontend, which outperformed features from traditional linear filters when classification was done with a Gini-SVM. To realize the measurement stage of the frontend, a previously reported technology, the Piezoelectric-Floating-Gate (PFG) was employed. The PFG matches physics of ImpactIonized Hot-Electron Injection (IIHEI) in silicon metal-oxide field effect transistors with a piezoelectric transducer to drive nonvolatile data-logging measurements. The PFG implementation is self-powered in the sense that the energy required for sensing comes from the xiii signal being observed, which allows for continuous, zero-downtime measurements of signals that exceed the IIHEI threshold and can drive nW loads. Moreover, since it directly matches the transduction stage to measurement, it obviates the need for an explicit energy conversion stage in the frontend. Multiple interfacing technologies were evaluated, including: wired, self-powered radio-frequency (RF) backscatter, periodic 915 MHz active RF, and a hybrid model that uses energy scavenging to determine if an interrogator is within range before transmitting. A multi-year deployment of this sensor frontend for structural health monitoring is currently active on the Mackinac Bridge in northern Michigan and demonstrates successful transition from laboratory to practice for a CPS. Finally, a modification to the PFG topology to include filtering aspects borrowed from earlier study was proposed and fabricated on a standard 0.5 μm CMOS process. Measurements show that the PFG sensor can be endowed with frequency discriminating capabilities to better focus on signals of interest. The modifications also give rise to a means for higher sensitivity (input stimuli below IIHEI threshold) data-logging that would vastly expand the potential application space.

Nanopower Analog Frontends for Cyber-Physical Systems

The paper develops a method for the synthesis of a class of nonlinear multimodal systems that exhibit jump resonance in response to sinusoidal excitation. The method is applicable to both conventional and isolated jump-resonance behaviour. The proposed multimodal systems have applications where it is necessary to be able to detect small changes in the frequency of a signal.

http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel5/5247218/5251692/05251693.pdf

Synthesis of certain nonlinear systems for multimodal operation

Comparative study of the effect of slew-induced distortion on single-amplifier biquadratic stages

Under certain conditions of periodic excitation where both the input amplitude as well as the input frequency are varying, nonlinear multimodal systems can be forced exhibit a response in which jumps down occur for both an increase as well as a decrease in input frequency from a median value. This interesting phenomenon is termed `isolated jump resonance?. Systems of this type exhibit considerable sensitivity to changes in input frequency or amplitude at the occurrence of the jumps. Application of such systems as sensitivie detectors of frequency deviations in a periodic signal are proposed. A discussion of design considerations is given and a description is included of a system which has been constructed.

Phenomenon of isolated jump resonance and its applications

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Phenomenon of isolated jump resonance and its applications