The processing of rice (Oryza sativa L.) generates large quantities of lignocellulosic wastes termed rice husks (RH). Numerous researchers have proposed biomass gasification as the panacea to the waste disposal and management challenges posed by RH. However, a comprehensive analysis of RH gasification is required to examine the research landscape and future directions on the area. The research landscape and global developments on RH gasification from 1995 to 2019 are examined through bibliometric analysis of 228 publications extracted from the Web of Science. Bioresource Technology is considered the most influential journal on the topic, whereas China is the most productive nation due to government policies and research funding. The most productive organization is the Harbin Institute of Technology, which is due to the significant contributions of Zhao YiJun and co-workers. Keyword analysis revealed three crucial research themes: gasification, biomass, and rice husks. The literature revealed that the syngas yield, distribution, and performance of RH gasification are significantly influenced by temperature, equivalence ratio, selected reactor, and gasifying medium. The techno-economic analysis of RH gasification revealed that government interventions such as high sales rates and low investment costs could enhance the commercial viability of the technology. Furthermore, the integration of RH gasification with carbon capture utilization and storage could promote the decarbonization of power plants, negative emissions, and net-zero climate goals. Overall, the paper provides valuable information for future researchers to identify strategic collaborators, journal publications, and research frontiers yet unexplored.

Bibliometric analysis of the research landscape on rice husks gasification (1995–2019)

Socio-techno-economic assessment to design an appropriate renewable energy system for remote agricultural communities in developing countries

Efficient extraction of silica from openly burned rice husk ash as adsorbent for dye removal

Biomass gasification enables the transformation of biomass feedstock into syngas suitable for further energy conversions. Mathematical models of gasification are not only valuable tool for the design and optimization of the processes, but could be also employed for online prediction and process control. In this work, the potential of using nonlinear autoregressive networks with exogenous inputs (NARX) for predicting the gasification process when a lower amount of experimental data is available was studied. The analysis of using an open-loop NARX network for an online prediction of the syngas composition in a downdraft gasifier at different data recording frequency was performed. The predicted results showed that by decreasing the data recording frequency, the prediction error increases. Furthermore, the possibility of improving the NARX network at lower data recording frequency was analysed by expanding the training dataset to reduce discrepancies between predicted and measured results. Inclusion of four data sets made neural network more robust and flexible for operating with fewer data points. Practical significance of results can be seen in the application of open-loop network for online prediction and control of the gasification process at lower data recording frequency as a part of a model predictive control module.

Dynamic modelling of the biomass gasification process in a fixed bed reactor by using the artificial neural network

A mixed integer optimization method with double penalties for the complete consumption of renewable energy in distributed energy systems

Nigeria is purely an agrarian nation and the people depend on agriculture for survival. One of the missing links to wealth creation in Nigeria is lack of economic exploitation of abundant agricultural wastes. Instead of wealth creation, rice husk has become a serious threat to the environment. The unutilized rice husks in rice mills in Nigeria generate millions of tons of C02 when burnt. This increases environmental degradation and deaths associated with respiratory diseases. The sustainable use of this rice husk for bioenergy applications such as electricity generation at low cost, to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions is imperative. In this paper, an off-grid gasification power supply option for Adani, in Uzo-Uwani Local Government Area of Enugu state, of eastern Nigeria is presented. A detailed load assessment and availability of rice husk for power generation in the study area was conducted. This information was used to design the gasification system. The gasification system was designed based on the mass flow rate of producer gas required to power the gas engine at full load. The gasifier was designed downdraft with air and steam as the oxidizing agent, in order to maintain uniform temperature in the oxidation and reduction zones. Furthermore, techno-economic analysis approach was used to determine the economic viability of the designed power system considered in this study. The estimated total load demand of the study area is 850.054 k W . The estimated total daily, monthly and yearly energy demands of the study area are: 8,991 ​kWh, 269,736.42 ​kWh and 3,236,837.04 ​kWh. The annual availability of rice husk in the study area is 3,636 t / y and it has potential of 1.52 M W power generation with daily, monthly and yearly energy generation of: 36.48 ​MWh, 1,094.4 ​MWh and 13,132.8 ​MWh. This potential of electricity generation has power station capacity of 1.9 MVA, which is approximately equal to 2 MVA. The Levelized Cost of Electricity of the designed power system is 3.6 Naira/kWh, which is cheaper than 30.93 Naira/kWh tariff bill by Enugu Electricity Distribution Company to its R2S customers. Based on the proposed rice husk gasification system, a community could generate power to meet their electricity demand in most economical way, thereby reducing emission, waste and saving cost translating to sustainable development.

Off-grid electricity generation in Nigeria based on rice husk gasification technology

Solar energy is one of the solutions to the global threats - climate change, environmental pollution, fossil fuel depletion and high cost of energy - associated with increased energy demand. In this research, the techno-economic feasibility and dynamic performance assessment of a smart solar Photovoltaic (PV) Direct Current grid (DC-grid) powered Separately Excited Direct Current Motor (SEDCM) is presented. The energy mapping was done at Agbani City (6°18.3′N, 7°33.8′E), in Enugu State, Nigeria. Agbani city was identified to have a good amount of solar energy with an annual average solar radiation of 4.67 kWh/m2/d. The dynamic performance assessment of a smart solar PV DC-grid powered SEDCM was conducted with the help of MATLAB/SIMULINK software. The result show that a change in sun intensity affects the photon-generated current and it has effect on the open-circuit voltage of the solar panel. This change in the intensity can be compensated for by the use of a boost converter. The whole system was optimized in HOMER Pro simulation software to assess the techno-economic feasibility of the system. From the techno-economic study, it was observed that the proposed DC-grid PV system is feasible for the generation of electricity to power the SEDCM. The cost of energy was calculated and the categorized result from HOMER Pro shows that the capacity of the DC-grid PV system (35.67 kW) with 120 Surrette S-260 batteries gives the cheapest configuration. This configuration has a cost of energy of 0.11 $/kWh and a Net Present Cost (NPC) value of 0.048 million dollars and was used as optimum system configuration. Comparing the system with the national grid, the proposed DC-grid PV configuration has a cost saving of 35% with 1.679 gCO2~eq/kWh greenhouse gas emission, while the national grid emits a significant amount of greenhouse gas up to 15,104 kg/y.

Application of smart DC-Grid for efficient use of solar photovoltaic system in driving separately excited DC motor: Dynamic performance and techno-economic assessments

Economic load dispatch among generating units is very important for any power plant. In this work, the economic load dispatch was made at Egbin Thermal Power plant supplying a total load of 600MW using six generating units. In carrying out this study, transmission losses were assumed to be included into the load supplied. Also three different combinations in the form of 6, 5 and 4 units commitment were considered. In each case, the total load was optimally dispatched between committed generating units using Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). Similarly, the generation cost for each generating unit was determined. For case 1, the six generators were committed and the generation cost is 2,100,685.069$/h. For case 2, five generators were committed and the generation cost is 2,520,861.947$/h. For case 3, four generators were committed and the generation cost is 3,150,621.685$/h. From all considered cases, it was found that, the minimum generation cost was achieved when all six generating units were committed and a total of 420,178.878$/h was saved.

/pdf/optimal-unit-commitment-of-a-power-plant-using-particle-5fko8pms7e.pdf

Optimal unit commitment of a power plant using particle swarm optimization approach

Prepaid meters have many applications in generation, transmission and distribution of electric power in Nigeria, this makes their actual power measurement to be an important issue. In this work, actual power consumption of each load was determined and was used to study the time each load will use to consume 30.8 EEDC units when it is constantly connected to power supply. The analytical method was used to investigate the collected date for different appliance consumption rate with respect to time. This experiment was conducted in Achara Layout of Enugu South Local Government Area, Enugu state. Each of the load was subjected to test to determine the current and voltages across them. The actual power consumption of each load was calculated. The time for each actual power to completely consume 30.8 units was calculated. The corresponding amount in naira per day of the actual consumption of each load was calculated. The results show that, phone and lighting points will take longer time (18421.05 and 5589.8 hours) to drain the 30.8 units; while electrical pressing iron will take 8.95hours to drain the 30.8 units. It is also seen that lighting points and phones have the least and highest consumption cost per day. By optimal combination of these loads, it will make economic sense for the subscribers of prepaid meter, and hence reduce the phobia faced by the subscribers (if not total elimination). Keywords : Actual Power, Economic Sense, Prepaid meter, Nigeria DISCOs, Tariff.

/pdf/prepaid-meter-tariffing-for-actual-power-consumption-in-an-35ozlj4m7g.pdf

PREPAID METER TARIFFING FOR ACTUAL POWER CONSUMPTION IN AN AVERAGE HOUSE HOLD: A CASE STUDY OF NIGERIA DISCOs

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Off-grid electricity generation in Nigeria based on rice husk gasification technology

Application of smart DC-Grid for efficient use of solar photovoltaic system in driving separately excited DC motor: Dynamic performance and techno-economic assessments

Optimal unit commitment of a power plant using particle swarm optimization approach

PREPAID METER TARIFFING FOR ACTUAL POWER CONSUMPTION IN AN AVERAGE HOUSE HOLD: A CASE STUDY OF NIGERIA DISCOs