Spatio-temporal variation of irrigation water requirements for wheat and maize in the Yellow River Basin, China, 1974–2017

Reduced and deep application of controlled-release urea maintained yield and improved nitrogen-use efficiency

Optimizing nitrogen application depth can improve crop yield and nitrogen uptake – A global meta-analysis

There is an urgent need to address the contradiction between food security and climate change, and achieve the highest crop productivity at the lowest environmental cost. Scientific fertilization is the key to solving this problem. Deep placement of fertilizer (DPF) is an effective fertilization strategy for improving crop productivity and reducing gaseous N losses, but its effectiveness varies among agricultural systems and appropriate fertilization depths have not yet been determined. In this study, we synthesized 99 global studies (120 locations) and conducted a three-year field experiment to evaluate the effects of DPF on the crop yield, nitrogen use efficiency (NUE), and nitrous oxide (N2O), and ammonia (NH3) emissions, and explored their responses to different climates, field management practices, and environmental factors. DPF could increase the grain yield by 13.5%, and NUE by 33.8%, and reduce N2O emission by 16.2%, and NH3 emissions by 86.6%, respectively. Random forest analysis showed that the fertilization depth and nitrogen application rate were the most important factors that determined the impacts of DPF on the crop yield, NUE, and N2O and NH3 emissions, but their effects also depended on the climate conditions, field management practices, and soil environmental factors. Meta-regression modeling showed that the effects of DPF on the crop yield and NUE increased but then decreased as the fertilizer application depth and nitrogen application rate increased, and the effects on N2O and NH3 emissions tended to increase gradually. The meta-analysis also demonstrated that under DPF, the emission factors for N2O and NH3 decreased by 35.8% and 84.5%, respectively. According to the meta-analysis, the global N2O and NH3 emissions under DPF can be reduced by 0.23 and 5.46 Tg N·year–1 respectively. The results obtained based on global meta-analysis and a three-year experiment demonstrated that DPF obtained higher grain production with lower environmental costs, and the most suitable fertilization depth was identified as 15–25 cm. The results obtained in this study provide valuable insights into food security and environmental costs under effective fertilization management. 

Global meta-analysis and three-year field experiment shows that deep placement of fertilizer can enhance crop productivity and decrease gaseous nitrogen losses

Soil acidification in Chinese tea plantations is widespread, and it has significantly affected the growth of tea trees; it was important to explore soil remediation of acidified tea plantations in depth for the sustainable development of tea industry. In this study, the effects of sheep manure fertilizer with different application depths on soil acidification, tea yield and quality, and soil nitrogen transformation in tea plantations were analyzed for five consecutive years from 2018 to 2022. The results showed that long-term use of sheep manure fertilizer significantly reduced soil acidification (P< 0.05) in tea plantations, improved soil pH and soil ammonium nitrogen content, enhanced root activity and root nitrogen uptake capacity of tea trees, and thus improved tea yield and quality. The effect of different application depths of sheep manure fertilizer on tea yield and quality was mainly reflected in the transformation ability of soil ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen, which showed that high transformation ability of soil ammonium nitrogen and high ammonium nitrogen content were beneficial to high tea yield and vice versa, and the best effect was achieved when sheep manure was applied at a depth of 50 cm and 70 cm. The topsis analysis confirmed that sheep manure fertilization had a greater effect on root activity, ammonium nitrogen, ammonia intensity, and nifH gene. This study provided an important practical basis for the restoration of acidified tea plantation soil through sheep manure fertilizer management.

https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2023.1179960/pdf

Reasonable deep application of sheep manure fertilizer to alleviate soil acidification to improve tea yield and quality

Suitable fertilization depth can improve the water productivity and maize yield by regulating development of the root system

Ridge–furrow rainfall harvesting system helps to improve stability, benefits and precipitation utilization efficiency of maize production in Loess Plateau region of China

In recent years, many earthquakes occurred all over the world and caused different degrees of damage to the engineering structures. Therefore, it is increasingly important to ensure the safety and stability of the port structure and to study the seismic performance of the wharf structure. Considering pile-soil interaction, numerical simulations of high-pile wharf were done by using the finite element method, and the displacements, bending moments and shears of the 7m wharf were obtained subjected to different kinds of earthquake waves, such as far-fault and near-fault seismic waves. The plastic characteristics of the wharfs with different water depths(7m, 10m, 12m) were researched subjected to seismic waves with different peak accelerations and advises for the anti-collapse mechanism of the wharfs were provided.

Study on the Dynamic Response and Anti-Collapse Mechanism of High-Pile Wharfs with Different Water Depths

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Suitable fertilization depth can improve the water productivity and maize yield by regulating development of the root system

Ridge–furrow rainfall harvesting system helps to improve stability, benefits and precipitation utilization efficiency of maize production in Loess Plateau region of China

Study on the Dynamic Response and Anti-Collapse Mechanism of High-Pile Wharfs with Different Water Depths