The current paper provides an updated review of repetitive negative thinking as a transdiagnostic process. It is shown that elevated levels of repetitive negative thinking are present across a large range of Axis I disorders and appear to be causally involved in the maintenance of emotional problems. As direct comparisons of repetitive negative thinking between different disorders (e.g., GAD–type worry and depressive rumination) have generally revealed more similarities than differences, it is argued that repetitive negative thinking is characterized by the same process across disorders, which is applied to a disorder–specific content. On the other hand, there is some evidence that—within given disorders—repetitive negative thinking can be reliably distinguished from other forms of recurrent cognitions, such as obsessions, intrusive memories or functional forms of repeated thinking. An agenda for future research on repetitive negative thinking from a transdiagnostic perspective is presented.

Repetitive negative thinking as a transdiagnostic process

Emotion regulation has been conceptualized as a process by which individuals modify their emotional experiences, expressions, and physiology and the situations eliciting such emotions in order to produce appropriate responses to the ever-changing demands posed by the environment. Thus, context plays a central role in emotion regulation. This is particularly relevant to the work on emotion regulation in psychopathology, because psychological disorders are characterized by rigid responses to the environment. However, this recognition of the importance of context has appeared primarily in the theoretical realm, with the empirical work lagging behind. In this review, the author proposes an approach to systematically evaluate the contextual factors shaping emotion regulation. Such an approach consists of specifying the components that characterize emotion regulation and then systematically evaluating deviations within each of these components and their underlying dimensions. Initial guidelines for how to combi...

The Future of Emotion Regulation Research: Capturing Context.

The efficacy of cognitive behavioral treatments (CBT) for anxiety in adults has been supported by multiple meta-analyses. However, most have focused on only 1 diagnosis, thereby disallowing diagnostic comparisons. This study examined the efficacy of CBT across the anxiety disorders. One hundred eight trials of CBT for an anxiety disorder met study criteria. Cognitive therapy and exposure therapy alone, in combination, or combined with relaxation training, were efficacious across the anxiety disorders, with no differential efficacy for any treatment components for any specific diagnoses. However, when comparing across diagnoses, outcomes for generalized anxiety disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder were superior to those for social anxiety disorder, but no other differences emerged. CBT effects were superior to those for no-treatment and expectancy control treatments, although tentative evidence suggested equal effects of CBT when compared with relaxation-only treatments.

A meta-analytic review of adult cognitive-behavioral treatment outcome across the anxiety disorders.

Publisher Summary
This chapter focuses on the original 1997 cognitive behavioral model for social anxiety disorder (SAD), which delineates the processes by which SAIs are affected by their fear of negative evaluation in potentially social-evaluative situations. The original model has provided a solid framework for understanding the factors that comprise and maintain SAD. Since the publication of Rapee and Heimberg (1997), updates are provided in the form of reviews of the literature that support various aspects of the model, applied the model to a case study of a person with SAD, and conducted a comparison between the model and the very influential and productive model proposed by Clark and Wells. Given that there has been over a decade of intervening research, however, there are areas in the model that warrant expansion, as well as additional factors that necessitate inclusion in the model. The chapter presents a revised cognitive behavioral model of SAD and the research supporting these modifications. The chapter's primary focus are five areas: the important role of imagery (and imagery perspective), PEP, the combined cognitive biases hypothesis, fear of positive evaluation (FPE), and the potential role of difficulties in the regulation of emotional responses, including but not limited to anxiety.

pdf/a-cognitive-behavioral-model-of-social-anxiety-disorder-wabva0tuz9.pdf

A cognitive behavioral model of social anxiety disorder: update and extension

https://isiarticles.com/bundles/Article/pre/pdf/31372.pdf

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Changes in post-event processing and metacognitions during cognitive behavioral group therapy for social phobia

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The post-event processing questionnaire in a clinical sample with social phobia

Attempted suppression of social threat thoughts: Differential effects for social phobia and healthy controls?

Changes in post-event processing and metacognitions during cognitive behavioral group therapy for social phobia