Histological biomarkers in fish as a tool in ecological risk assessment and monitoring programs: a review

Nitrite implications and its management strategies in aquaculture: a review

Aquatic organisms possess cellular detoxification systems to deal with pollutants. To explore the influence of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated in response to nitrite on oxidative stress defenses and the antioxidant system in Megalobrama amblycephala, the full length cDNA sequences were determined for three antioxidant-related genes, namely catalase (MaCAT), selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase (MaGPx1) and Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (MaCu/Zn-SOD). Encoded polypeptides that exhibited high identity and similarity with corresponding proteins in other fish species. Expression levels of these antioxidant genes were analyzed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) technique. MaCAT, MaGPx1 and MaCu/Zn-SOD expression was greatest in the liver and qRT-PCR was used to assess expression of these genes in juvenile fish during 72 h of exposure to 15 mg/L nitrite. Prolonged nitrite exposure resulted in the formation of excess ROS that caused oxidative damage to lipids and proteins and reduced the activities of antioxidant enzymes. Fish exposed to nitrite also showed liver damage. This study provides transcriptional data for MaCAT, MaGPx1 and MaCu/Zn-SOD that suggest expression is related positively with oxidative stress induced by nitrite exposure, indicating that imbalance between ROS and antioxidant defenses is one mechanism underlying nitrite toxicity in M. amblycephala.

Identification and mRNA expression of antioxidant enzyme genes associated with the oxidative stress response in the Wuchang bream (Megalobrama amblycephala Yih) in response to acute nitrite exposure.

Naphthalene-2-sulfonate induced toxicity in blood cells of freshwater fish Channa punctatus using comet assay, micronucleus assay and ATIR-FTIR approach.

Acinetobacter spp. are ubiquitous obligate aerobic bacteria which occur mostly as commensals on the skin, and in soil, water and plants' rhizosphere. Though the species in this genus have been implicated as aetiologies in some nosocomial infections, their versatility covers biodegradation or dissolution leading to bioremediation; catalysis leading to synthesis of high molecular weight, life sustaining polymers; and as growth enhancers in agriculture. The challenge of antibiotic resistance and their mediatory genes is a cause for concern but should not deter the beneficial application of the bacteria especially in the synthesis of novel compounds that would be of relevance in overcoming some global ecological challenges. This review addresses important beneficial attributes of Acinetobacter species as well as gives some insight into emerging trends in their resistance to antibiotics. (© 2012 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

Ubiquitous Acinetobacter species as beneficial commensals but gradually being emboldened with antibiotic resistance genes.

/pdf/histopathology-of-liver-and-kidney-of-rasbora-daniconius-1h64ehb099.pdf

Histopathology of Liver and Kidney of Rasbora daniconius Exposed to Study Mill Effluent

This investigation deals with the effect of paper mill effluent, on the histochemical components of the liver of Rasbora daniconius . The Paper mill effluent was collected directly from the 45 Km away from Aurangabad (MS) India. Histochemical studies on protein, lipid and glycogen contents of liver Rasbora daniconius showed a progressive decrease in staining intensity to Mercury bromophenol blue (Hg-BPB), Sudan black B and Bets’s Carmine at 30 days exposure when treated at sublethal concentrations (1.9% and 0.95%) of paper mill effluent. The magnitudes of these changes were dose dependent. This study, therefore, concludes that paper mill effluent creates metabolic crisis and impairment in fish liver. The depletion in level of protein, lipid and glycogen points towards exhaustion of cell- energy to meet high demand of fish in stressful condition.

/pdf/histochemical-changes-in-the-liver-of-freshwater-fish-1cuts6ye62.pdf

Histochemical changes in the liver of freshwater fish, rasbora daniconius, exposed to paper mill effluent

/pdf/histopathological-changes-in-the-gill-of-freshwater-fish-4xw4ad5b77.pdf

Histopathological Changes in the Gill of Freshwater Fish, Rasbora daniconius Exposed to Paper Mill Effluent

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Histopathology of Liver and Kidney of Rasbora daniconius Exposed to Study Mill Effluent

Histochemical changes in the liver of freshwater fish, rasbora daniconius, exposed to paper mill effluent

Histopathological Changes in the Gill of Freshwater Fish, Rasbora daniconius Exposed to Paper Mill Effluent