Charge Transfer Devices

Recent progress in InSb based quantum detectors in Israel

Short wavelength Infra Red (SWIR) imaging has gained considerable interest in recent years. The main applications among others are: active imaging and LADAR, enhanced vision systems, low light level imaging and security surveillance systems. In this paper we will describe SCD's considerable efforts in this spectral region, addressing several platforms: 1. Extension of the mature InSb MWIR product line operating at 80K (cut-off wavelength of 5.4mm). 2. Extension of our new XBnn InAsSb "bariode" technology operating at 150K (cut-off of 4.1mm). 3. Development of InGaAs detectors for room temperature operation (cut-off of 1.7mm) 4. Development of a SNIR ROIC with a low noise imaging mode and unique laser-pulse detection modes. In the first section we will present our latest achievements for the cooled detectors where the SWIR region is combined with MWIR response. Preliminary results for the NIR-VIS region are presented where advanced substrate removal techniques are implemented on flip-chip hybridized focal plane arrays. In the second part we will demonstrate our VGA, 15mm pitch, InGaAs arrays with dark current density below 1.5nA/cm2 at 280K. The InGaAs array is hybridized to the SNIR ROIC, thus offering the capability of low SWaP systems with laser-pulse detection modes.© (2012) COPYRIGHT Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE). Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.

SCD's cooled and uncooled photo detectors for NIR SWIR

Optical systems can provide simultaneous imaging in several spectral bands and thus be much more useful. A new and current generation of focal plane arrays is allowing detection in more than one spectral region. The design of a refractive imaging lens for such detectors requires correcting chromatic aberrations over the wider range of wavelengths. However, the fewer available refracting materials, the material properties that change between the spectral bands, and the system transmission requirements make the design of such lenses particularly challenging. We present a dual-field zoom lens designed for a cooled detector sensing across short-wave infrared (SWIR) and midwave infrared (MWIR) spectral bands (continuous imaging for 1-5 μm). This zoom lens has a 75 mm focal length in the wide mode and a 250mm focal length in the narrow mode, and operates at f/4.7 in both discrete zoom positions. The lens is actively compensated to work in thermal environments from -20°C to +60°C. We discuss the optical design methodology, review the selection of materials and coatings for the optical elements, and analyze the transmission of the lens and optical performance. A prototype system has been manufactured and assembled. We validate our design with experimental data.

Optical design study and prototyping of a dual-field zoom lens imaging in the 1-5 micron infrared waveband

A multimode pixel of a pixel array is provided. The multimode pixel includes a photodetector, an image sensing circuit, a pulse detection circuit, and an image readout path coupled between the image sensing circuit and at least one readout conductor of the pixel array to transmit image signals from the image sensing circuit to the at least one readout conductor. The multimode pixel further includes a pulse readout path different from the image readout path, wherein the pulse readout path is coupled between the pulse detection circuit and the at least one readout conductor to transmit pulse data from the pulse detection circuit to the at least one readout conductor, and wherein the image readout path is controlled independently from the pulse readout path.

Asynchronous multimode focal plane array

Modern electro-optical systems contain several components such as thermal imager, laser designator, laser range finder,
etc. The demand for compact systems with low power consumption and low cost can be addressed by incorporating
some of the traditional system abilities into the IR detector. We present SNIR, a new type of detector, which consists of a
Read Out Integrated Circuit (ROIC) with advanced on-chip signal processing. The ROIC is flip chip-bonded to a
640x512 InSb detector array of 15μm pitch. SNIR digital ROIC can be operated in either one of the following four
different modes of operation. The first operation mode is standard thermal imaging, which has typical functionalities and
performance of MWIR detector. The second operation mode is a dual-function mode that includes both standard thermal
imaging and information on Asynchronous Laser Pulse Detection (ALPD) for each pixel. The detection probability of a
laser pulse is significantly increased by integrating a dedicated in-pixel circuit for identifying a fast signal temporal
profile. Since each pixel has internal processing to identify laser pulses, it is possible also to measure the elapsed time
between a trigger and the detection of a laser pulse. This yields a third mode of operation in which the detector is
synchronized to a laser and becomes a Two-dimensional Laser Range Finder (TLRF). The forth operation mode is
dedicated to Low Noise Imaging (LNIM) for the SWIR band, where the IR radiation signal is low. It can be used in both
passive or active imaging. We review some of the predicted and measured results for the different modes of operation,
both at the detector level and at the system level.

Advanced multi-function infrared detector with on-chip processing

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Advanced multi-function infrared detector with on-chip processing