Inhibition of nigrostriatal release of dopamine in the rat by adenosine receptor agonists: A1 receptor mediation.

A new method with the sensitivity and specificity required to measure regional levels of 3-methoxytyramine (3-MT) and normetanephrine (NMN) in the rat cortex is described. The method utilizes a liquid ion exchanger to isolate the parent amines, dopamine (DA) and norepinephrine (NE), along with their methylated metabolites. These samples are derivatized and analyzed by negative ion gas chro-matography-mass spectrometry. Using this method, we examined a number of drug actions on steady-state levels as well as pargyline-induced increases in 3-MT and NMN. In the prefrontal cortex, cingulate cortex, striatum, and olfactory tubercle, nomifensine was found to increase 3-MT steady-state levels and accumulation rates. Similar actions of this drug were observed in the cingulate and prefrontal cortices with NMN. In contrast, clonidine decreased cortical NMN levels and accumulation. A unique action was observed with haloperidol, in that both 3-MT levels and accumulation after pargyline were increased in the nigrostriatal and mesolimbic dopaminergic projections, whereas only the accumulation rates were accelerated in the mesocortical projections. In summary, our data indicate that this new assay is a useful approach for the in vivo evaluation of DA and NE release in cortical regions of the rat. This approach is unique in that no surgery, restraint, or anesthetic is required, thereby permitting more complicated experimental paradigms to be utilized.

In vivo assessment of dopamine and norepinephrine release in rat neocortex: gas chromatography-mass spectrometry measurement of 3-methoxytyramine and normetanephrine.

A new and highly sensitive method for measuring 3-methoxytyramine using HPLC with electrochemical detection. Studies with drugs which alter dopamine metabolism in the brain

Four different dopaminergic blocking agents were able to modify the motility of the distal colon: haloperidol, sulpiride, pimozide, and thioridazine. Haloperidol and sulpiride induced different and frequently antagonistic responses; however, the effects induced by these drugs changed depending on the preexisting pattern of motility. Intestinal tone and sigmoidal or rectal phasic activity predominance are the main factors that influence responses. Biperiden, a centrally acting anticholinergic drug, and dihydroergotamine, an antinoradrenergic drug, annulled the rebound of motility induced by sulpiride in high intestinal-tone and low intestinal-tone subjects, respectively. Our results suggest that the dopaminergic system plays a role in the distal colon motility in humans.

Effects of dopaminergic blocking agents on distal colon motility.

The effect of drugs on the concentration of dopamine β-hydroxylase in the cerebrospinal fluid of rabbits

Monoamine metabolites as indicators of the effect of centrally acting drugs on monoamine release in rat brain.

Antidepressant properties of 2-(4-ethyl-1-piperazinyl)-4-phenylquinoline hydrochloride (AD-1308) and its mechanism of action as compared with tricyclic antidepressants.

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Monoamine metabolites as indicators of the effect of centrally acting drugs on monoamine release in rat brain.

Antidepressant properties of 2-(4-ethyl-1-piperazinyl)-4-phenylquinoline hydrochloride (AD-1308) and its mechanism of action as compared with tricyclic antidepressants.