An analysis of the method for ensuring the sinusoidality of the output voltage in power generation systems with self-commutated voltage inverters under the requirements of the international standard IEEE-519 is presented.
In a number of programs, especially low-power generation systems, a low-cost solution is needed to provide the sinusoidal waveform of the output voltage with the total harmonic distortion of 5 %. This solution is to use two-level voltage inverters with an output sine LC filter. However, the feature of the sine filter with the frequency converter is that the PWM frequency affects the spectrum of higher harmonics of the output voltage. In addition, there is the starting current of the filter capacitor, which can disable the power switches of the voltage inverter.
The developed method for calculating the values of the LC filter with the two-level voltage inverter in the PWM mode is presented meeting the requirements of the international standard IEEE-519, taking into account the modulation frequency and limitation of the starting current of the filter capacitor.
To confirm the required quality of the output voltage of the two-level voltage inverter with the sine filter, an appropriate simulation model was created in the Matlab/Simulink computer simulation environment. The oscillograms and harmonic analysis of the input and output voltages of the sine filter, which showed the total harmonic distortion of 1.88 %, are presented.
A physical prototype of the investigated system was created on the basis of a 5.5 kW OVEN PChV203-5K5-V frequency converter (Ukraine). Using the SIGLENT SDS1104X-E oscilloscope (China), the real waveform and the results of the harmonic analysis of the sine filter output voltage, confirming the implementation of the necessary sinusoidality criteria, were obtained

/pdf/a-method-for-calculating-the-parameters-of-the-sine-filter-1or33enum5.pdf

A method for calculating the parameters of the sine filter of the frequency converter, taking into account the criterion of starting current limitation and pulse-width modulation frequency

/pdf/calculation-of-static-and-dynamic-losses-in-power-igbt-eqh15jk9l7.pdf

Calculation of static and dynamic losses in power IGBT‑transistors by polynomial approximation of basic energy characteristics

The traction electric drives for electric rolling stock of alternating current employ the diode and thyristor rectifiers that predetermine a series of shortcomings. These include the significant emission of reactive power and higher harmonics of currents to the contact network, as well as the impossibility of implementing electricity recuperation to the contact network. In this regard, it is promising to use single-phase four-quadrant active rectifiers with a correction of power coefficient. The advantage of these converters is ensuring a power coefficient close to unity, the implementation of the sinusoidal input current, as well as the possibility of implementing electricity recuperation to the power network. In the systems of control over active rectifiers quite common are the control systems with hysteresis modulation. However, hysteresis modulation predetermines the need to implement high and variable frequency for switching power keys, which negatively affects power losses in a transducer. Therefore, a control system with improved hysteresis modulation has been proposed. Due to the improved algorithm for switching power keys the proposed improved hysteresis control system makes it possible to reduce the number of switching power switches. That decreases the dynamic losses of power in an active rectifier, which makes it possible to improve the efficiency of electric rolling stock in general. The simulation modeling conducted in the MATLAB 2017b software has confirmed effectiveness of the proposed modulation algorithm. In addition, during implementation of the proposed commutation algorithm there is an improvement in the harmonic composition of input current. The reduction in the amplitudes of higher harmonics of input current has been confirmed, as well as the improvement in the resultant coefficient of harmonic distortions

/pdf/research-into-energy-characteristics-of-single-phase-active-4z5q5qxyzq.pdf

Research into energy characteristics of single-phase active four-quadrant rectifiers with the improved hysteresis modulation

In order to minimize the reactive power and higher harmonics of currents, as well as to improve the electromagnetic compatibility of electrical traction networks and systems of railroad automation, modern electric rolling stock of alternating current employ active four-quadrant rectifiers. The classical topology of a given converter is the two-level full-bridge active rectifier that ensures a power factor close to unity and the recuperation of energy to a power network. However, the high switching frequency predetermines high dynamic losses in power transistors and a low value for efficiency.It appears promising to use the three-level active four-quadrant rectifiers with a power factor correction. It has been proposed in the current work to apply a system of control over a three-level active rectifier with the two-channel equal-shifted sinusoidal PWM. The advantage of the proposed algorithm, as compared with known, is the improvement of quality of the input current and a decrease in the frequency of switching power switches, which leads to a decrease in power losses and an increase in the rectifier efficiency. The paper reports results of comparative analysis of dependences of power losses and efficiency on the switching frequency of power switches for the two-level and three-level active rectifier with the proposed control system, which confirmed the feasibility of the proposed control system. The software package MATLAB 2017b was used for simulation modeling of the two-level and three-level active rectifier, based on which we analyzed the quality parameters of electric energy, established the dependence of a harmonic distortion coefficient of the input current of an active rectifier on the switching frequency of power switches. Our study has proven the technical and economic expediency of using a circuit of the three-level active rectifier with a control system based on the two-level equal-shifted sinusoidal PWM.

/pdf/improving-energy-characteristics-of-ac-electric-rolling-338tlm6ojt.pdf

Improving energy characteristics of ac electric rolling stock by using the three-level active four-quadrant rectifiers

The result of research is analysis of energy-saving effect from the application of the parallel active power filter (APF) on electric grid with considering static and dynamic power losses of APF are presented. By polynomial approximation of energy characteristics of power switches, the determination of own power losses in APF is performed. Analytical dependencies of additional power losses in the electrical network resistance on higher current harmonics, namely on total harmonic distortion of the current are presented. Taking into account own power losses in the APF, based on compensation of grid current harmonics the total energy-saving effect is given. It shown that in some cases (when the resistance of the network is small) using the APF reduces network power efficiency. Also, it is shown that the active power filter can serve as a source of voltage distortion in the electrical network at the connection point, which requires the use of additional passive or hybrid filters.

Energy efficiency criterion of Power Active Filter in a three-phase network

/pdf/control-characteristics-of-active-four-quadrant-converter-in-1yawa9xrym.pdf

Control characteristics of active four-quadrant converter in rectifier and recovery mode

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Control characteristics of active four-quadrant converter in rectifier and recovery mode