The Arabic language is a morphologically rich language with relatively few resources and a less explored syntax compared to English. Given these limitations, Arabic Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks like Sentiment Analysis (SA), Named Entity Recognition (NER), and Question Answering (QA), have proven to be very challenging to tackle. Recently, with the surge of transformers based models, language-specific BERT based models have proven to be very efficient at language understanding, provided they are pre-trained on a very large corpus. Such models were able to set new standards and achieve state-of-the-art results for most NLP tasks. In this paper, we pre-trained BERT specifically for the Arabic language in the pursuit of achieving the same success that BERT did for the English language. The performance of AraBERT is compared to multilingual BERT from Google and other state-of-the-art approaches. The results showed that the newly developed AraBERT achieved state-of-the-art performance on most tested Arabic NLP tasks. The pretrained araBERT models are publicly available on https://github.com/aub-mind/araBERT hoping to encourage research and applications for Arabic NLP.

AraBERT: Transformer-based Model for Arabic Language Understanding

The Arabic language is a morphologically rich language with relatively few resources and a less explored syntax compared to English. Given these limitations, Arabic Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks like Sentiment Analysis (SA), Named Entity Recognition (NER), and Question Answering (QA), have proven to be very challenging to tackle. Recently, with the surge of transformers based models, language-specific BERT based models have proven to be very efficient at language understanding, provided they are pre-trained on a very large corpus. Such models were able to set new standards and achieve state-of-the-art results for most NLP tasks. In this paper, we pre-trained BERT specifically for the Arabic language in the pursuit of achieving the same success that BERT did for the English language. The performance of AraBERT is compared to multilingual BERT from Google and other state-of-the-art approaches. The results showed that the newly developed AraBERT achieved state-of-the-art performance on most tested Arabic NLP tasks. The pretrained araBERT models are publicly available on this https URL hoping to encourage research and applications for Arabic NLP.

We present CAMeL Tools, a collection of open-source tools for Arabic natural language processing in Python. CAMeL Tools currently provides utilities for pre-processing, morphological modeling, Dialect Identification, Named Entity Recognition and Sentiment Analysis. In this paper, we describe the design of CAMeL Tools and the functionalities it provides.

CAMeL tools: An open source python toolkit for arabic natural language processing

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a fast-growing area of study that stretching its presence to many business and research domains. Machine learning, deep learning, and natural language processing (NLP) are subsets of AI to tackle different areas of data processing and modelling. This review article presents an overview of AI&#x2019;s impact on education outlining with current opportunities. In the education domain, student feedback data is crucial to uncover the merits and demerits of existing services provided to students. AI can assist in identifying the areas of improvement in educational infrastructure, learning management systems, teaching practices and study environment. NLP techniques play a vital role in analyzing student feedback in textual format. This research focuses on existing NLP methodologies and applications that could be adapted to educational domain applications like sentiment annotations, entity annotations, text summarization, and topic modelling. Trends and challenges in adopting NLP in education were reviewed and explored. Context-based challenges in NLP like sarcasm, domain-specific language, ambiguity, and aspect-based sentiment analysis are explained with existing methodologies to overcome them. Research community approaches to extract the semantic meaning of emoticons and special characters in feedback which conveys user opinion and challenges in adopting NLP in education are explored. 

A Review of the Trends and Challenges in Adopting Natural Language Processing Methods for Education Feedback Analysis

Chinese named entity recognition: The state of the art

Most of the Arabic Named Entity Recognition (NER) systems depend massively on external resources and handmade feature engineering to achieve state-of-the-art results. To overcome such limitations, we proposed, in this paper, to use deep learning approach to tackle the Arabic NER task. We introduced a neural network architecture based on bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) and Conditional Random Fields (CRF) and experimented with various commonly used hyperparameters to assess their effect on the overall performance of our system. Our model gets two sources of information about words as input: pre-trained word embeddings and character-based representations and eliminated the need for any task-specific knowledge or feature engineering. We obtained state-of-the-art result on the standard ANERcorp corpus with an F1 score of 90.6%.

/pdf/arabic-named-entity-recognition-using-deep-learning-approach-4f6239os2g.pdf

Arabic named entity recognition using deep learning approach

With the proliferation of social media and Internet accessibility, a massive amount of data has been produced. In most cases, the textual data available through the web comes mainly from people expressing their views in informal words. The Arabic language is one of the hardest Semitic languages to deal with because of its complex morphology. In this paper, a new contribution to the Arabic resources is presented as a large Moroccan dataset retrieved from Twitter and carefully annotated by native speakers. For the best of our knowledge, this dataset is the largest Moroccan dataset for sentiment analysis. It is distinguished by its size, its quality given by the commitment of annotators, and its accessibility for the research community. Furthermore, the MSTD (Moroccan Sentiment Twitter Dataset) is benchmarked through experiments carried out for 4-way classification as well as polarity classification (positive, negative). Various machine-learning algorithms are combined to feature extraction techniques to reach optimal settings. This work also presents the effect of stemming and lemmatization on the improvement of the obtained accuracies.

/pdf/mstd-moroccan-sentiment-twitter-dataset-p1sczjngzu.pdf

MSTD: Moroccan Sentiment Twitter Dataset

Recent work has shown the effectiveness of the word representations features in significantly improving supervised NER for the English language. In this study we investigate whether word representations can also boost supervised NER in Arabic. We use word representations as additional features in a Conditional Random Field (CRF) model and we systematically compare three popular neural word embedding algorithms (SKIP-gram, CBOW and GloVe) and six different approaches for integrating word representations into NER system. Experimental results show that Brown Clustering achieves the best performance among the six approaches. Concerning the word embedding features, the clustering embedding features outperform other embedding features and the distributional prototypes produce the second best result. Moreover, the combination of Brown clusters and word embedding features provides additional improvement of nearly 10% in F1-score over the baseline.

Arabic Named Entity Recognition using Word Representations.

In this article, we introduce novel features for Arabic Named Entity Recognition (NER) based on Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA), a widely used topic modeling technique. We investigate and analyze three different approaches for utilizing LDA, including two newly proposed ones, namely Topical Prototypes approach and Topical Word Embeddings approach. Our Experiments show that each of the presented approaches improves the baseline features, among which the Word-Class LDA approach performs the best. Moreover, the combination of these topic modeling approaches provides additive improvements, outperforming traditional word representations as Skip-gram word embeddings and Brown Clustering. The proposed LDA-based features, learned in an unsupervised way, are fully language-independent and have proven to be very effective to enrich and boost NER models for Arabic, a morphologically rich language.

/pdf/arabic-named-entity-recognition-using-topic-modeling-4gezavjcyi.pdf

Arabic Named Entity Recognition Using Topic Modeling

Arabic Named Entity Recognition in Arabic Tweets Using BERT-based Models

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